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Quiz- Remember pick up books in seat before bell rings! • 1. Which Greek Philosopher did Alexander study from? • 2. Why was Phillip II able to take over Greece? • 3. Why did the Egyptians name a city after Alexander? • 4. How was Alexander inspired by Homer’s Iliad? 1 Objectives • Terms: Republic, Senate, Plebeian, Patrician • Compare the Roman Republic with U.S. Government today through discussion. 2 Chapter 5 Ancient Rome and the Roman Republic 3 Legend of the Founding of Rome -Legend has it that twin brothers, Romulus and Remus founded the city -According to the tale, the twins’ mother was a Latin woman and their father was the war god Mars -This led Romans to believe that they had a divine origin 4 Geography -Located on the Italian peninsula, in the center of the Mediterranean Sea -The Alps are in the North -The Apennine Mts. are on the eastern coast -broad, fertile plains in the north and west 5 Rome Geography Rome is located: -On the banks of the Tiber River -On and around seven hills List 3 Advantages of the Geography 6 Politics - 509 B.C. Rome is Founded -Romans drove out their Etruscan ruler and established a republic - They did not want one person to have all the power 7 • Do we live in a Republic or Democracy? 8 Democracy vs. Republic Republic - It is a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governed according to law. Laws that are absolute and cannot be changed set a republic. The body works within those guidelines. 9 Democracy vs. Republic • Democracy - Is by direct majority vote of the people. When an issue is to be decided, the entire population votes on it; the majority wins and rules. A democracy is ruled by majority feeling, what the Founding Fathers described as "mobocracy". For example: in a democracy, if a majority of the people decides that murder is no longer a crime, murder will no longer be a crime. 10 Structure of the Republic Partnerships, • Page 157 • List • Rome vs. U.S. • 1. Executive • 2. Legislative • 3. Judicial • 4. Legal Code • 5. Who is a citizen • Answer this question on partnership paper, and individual notes • Questions: • 1. What are similarities and differences. • 2. Which form of Government is more Democratic? 11 Structure of the Republic -Patricians= landholding upper class -Plebeians= farmers, merchants, artisans, traders -Senate= governing body Patricians Plebeians -Consuls= two patricians -Dictator= assigned to be in charge in the event of a war for six months 12 Patricians vs. Plebeians -Plebeians have no say in the government - Eventually get to elect their own officials called tribunes in 494 B.C. - For 84 years, (421-337 B.C.) plebeians fought to have a role in each part of the government 13 Social Structures -A man was the head of the household and his wife and children did not question his authority -Over centuries, women received more rights. These included: -Owning property -Running businesses -All children were taught to learn to read and write -Wealthy had private tutors for their children 14 Politics -Rome grows strong and begins conquering the rest of Italy -By 270 B.C., Rome controls most of the Italian peninsula -Military is made up of citizens -Rome conquered justly- allowing those conquered to keep their culture, customs, and government- as long as they supplied soldiers, paid taxes, and acknowledge Roman leadership 15 • Of the Empire we have discussed, who does Rome resemble the most? • Persian, Assyrian, Alexander • Why write a paragraph single spaced in your Journal. 16 Republic to Empire -Civil wars break out to decide who should hold power. The senate wanted to keep the status quo; political leaders wanted to weaken the senate and enact reforms -Slave uprisings throughout the republic -Armies became loyal to their commanders because they gave them benefits such as captured land 17