Download Chapter 5 Ancient Rome and the Rise of Christianity

Quiz- Remember pick up books in
seat before bell rings!
• 1. Which Greek Philosopher did Alexander study
from?
• 2. Why was Phillip II able to take over Greece?
• 3. Why did the Egyptians name a city after
Alexander?
• 4. How was Alexander inspired by Homer’s Iliad?
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Objectives
• Terms: Republic, Senate, Plebeian, Patrician
• Compare the Roman Republic with U.S.
Government today through discussion.
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Chapter 5
Ancient Rome and the
Roman Republic
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Legend of the Founding of Rome
-Legend has it that twin
brothers, Romulus and
Remus founded the city
-According to the tale,
the twins’ mother was a
Latin woman and their
father was the war god
Mars
-This led Romans to
believe that they had a
divine origin
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Geography
-Located on the Italian
peninsula, in the center of
the Mediterranean Sea
-The Alps are in the North
-The Apennine Mts. are on
the eastern coast
-broad, fertile plains in the
north and west
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Rome Geography
Rome is located:
-On the banks of the
Tiber River
-On and around seven
hills
List 3
Advantages of
the Geography
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Politics
- 509 B.C. Rome is Founded
-Romans drove out their Etruscan ruler and
established a republic
- They did not want one person to have all the
power
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• Do we live in a Republic or Democracy?
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Democracy vs. Republic
Republic - It is a government in which supreme power
resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is
exercised by elected officers and representatives
responsible to them and governed according to law.
Laws that are absolute and cannot be changed set a
republic. The body works within those guidelines.
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Democracy vs. Republic
• Democracy - Is by direct majority vote of the people.
When an issue is to be decided, the entire
population votes on it; the majority wins and rules. A
democracy is ruled by majority feeling, what the
Founding Fathers described as "mobocracy". For
example: in a democracy, if a majority of the people
decides that murder is no longer a crime, murder will
no longer be a crime.
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Structure of the Republic
Partnerships,
• Page 157
• List
• Rome vs. U.S.
• 1. Executive
• 2. Legislative
• 3. Judicial
• 4. Legal Code
• 5. Who is a citizen
• Answer this question on
partnership paper, and
individual notes
• Questions:
• 1. What are similarities and
differences.
• 2. Which form of
Government is more
Democratic?
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Structure of the Republic
-Patricians= landholding
upper class
-Plebeians= farmers,
merchants, artisans,
traders
-Senate= governing body
Patricians
Plebeians
-Consuls= two patricians
-Dictator= assigned to be
in charge in the event of a
war for six months
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Patricians vs. Plebeians
-Plebeians have no say
in the government
- Eventually get to elect
their own officials called
tribunes in 494 B.C.
- For 84 years, (421-337
B.C.) plebeians fought to
have a role in each part
of the government
13
Social Structures
-A man was the head of the household and his wife
and children did not question his authority
-Over centuries, women received more rights.
These included:
-Owning property
-Running businesses
-All children were taught to learn to read and
write
-Wealthy had private tutors for their children
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Politics
-Rome grows strong and begins conquering the rest of
Italy
-By 270 B.C., Rome controls most of the Italian peninsula
-Military is made up of citizens
-Rome conquered justly- allowing those conquered to
keep their culture, customs, and government- as long as
they supplied soldiers, paid taxes, and acknowledge
Roman leadership
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• Of the Empire we have discussed, who does
Rome resemble the most?
• Persian, Assyrian, Alexander
• Why write a paragraph single spaced in your
Journal.
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Republic to Empire
-Civil wars break out to decide who should hold
power. The senate wanted to keep the status quo;
political leaders wanted to weaken the senate and
enact reforms
-Slave uprisings throughout the republic
-Armies became loyal to their commanders
because they gave them benefits such as captured
land
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