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____________________ Name Number ________ study guide for the examination of electricity and magnetism study topics The three states of matter Magnets and Magnetism Static Electricity Electricity There are two main classifications in our universe. There is matter and energy. Matter is easy to categorize. We use the properties of matter to organize it. We can use tools such as a balance scale to measure mass. We can also use a tool such as a graduated cylinder to measure volume. The volume of a solid object may be measured using a graduated cylinder and water. You can measure the water, then put the solid in water and measure the new water level. Then if you subtract the first level to the second level, that is the volume of water (displacement). You should know the units of measurement for volume, mass, and distance; liters, grams and meters. We also know that there is energy in the universe. We studied magnetism. Magnetism is a force acting on the electrons in matter made of iron, steel, or other magnets (magnetite). Magnets have two poles, one south and one north. The poles are attracted to opposite poles. The north pole is attracted to the south pole of another magnet. The poles make a magnetic field. The magnetic field is the area where the magnetic force acts. You did an experiment when you looked for the magnetic field of the hidden magnets (hidden) from another group. You used iron filings for the magnetic field of the magnet. You could not see the magnet but if you could see the magnetic field, you knew where it was. We also learned that the earth is a giant magnet. The world has a magnetic field that helps us navigate using a compass. A compass (compass) is an instrument or a tool that helps us find the magnetic field of the earth. If you know where the compass points, your know where the north is. The magnetic field of the earth also helps the birds (birds) navigate to migrate. You also did an experiment to investigate the relationship between the magnetic force and the distance between two magnets. You learned that if the distance increases, the force between the two magnets decreases. This relationship is indirect or reverse. If there is much distance between the magnets, there is less force. Ahh, electricity, what a good thing. There is static electricity that does not move in a circuit. Then there is electric current. For an electric current to run you need many things. First, you need a power source. If you have two power supplies, batteries must point in the same direction. Next, you need cables that are conductors. Conductors can be any metal. You need a resistance that is one thing that uses electricity. Last YOU NEED A CLOSED CIRCUIT. You too should know how to make a circuit to investigate which materials are conductors. You need a circuit with three wires and a light bulb to make a circuit to see what material can CLOSE the circuit. There are two types of circuits; series circuits and parallel circuits. The series circuits are like circles have only one path where the current runs. Parallel circuits have two or more pathways of electricity. If you take out a light bulb in a series circuit, the circuit is fully open and the other bulbs do not work. A parallel circuit is better because if you remove a light bulb in one pathway, the other bulbs still work because they have their own pathways of electric current.