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study guide for the examination of electricity and magnetism
study topics
The three states of matter
Magnets and Magnetism
Static Electricity
Electricity
There are two main classifications in our universe. There is matter
and energy. Matter is easy to categorize. We use the properties of matter
to organize it. We can use tools such as a balance scale to measure mass. We
can also use a tool such as a graduated cylinder to measure volume. The
volume of a solid object may be measured using a graduated cylinder and
water. You can measure the water, then put the solid in water and measure
the new water level. Then if you subtract the first level to the second level,
that is the volume of water (displacement). You should know the units of
measurement for volume, mass, and distance; liters, grams and meters.
We also know that there is energy in the universe. We studied
magnetism. Magnetism is a force acting on the electrons in matter made of
iron, steel, or other magnets (magnetite). Magnets have two poles, one south
and one north. The poles are attracted to opposite poles. The north pole is
attracted to the south pole of another magnet.
The poles make a magnetic field. The magnetic field is the area where
the magnetic force acts. You did an experiment when you looked for the
magnetic field of the hidden magnets (hidden) from another group. You used
iron filings for the magnetic field of the magnet. You could not see the
magnet but if you could see the magnetic field, you knew where it was.
We also learned that the earth is a giant magnet. The world has a
magnetic field that helps us navigate using a compass. A compass (compass)
is an instrument or a tool that helps us find the magnetic field of the earth.
If you know where the compass points, your know where the north is. The
magnetic field of the earth also helps the birds (birds) navigate to migrate.
You also did an experiment to investigate the relationship between the
magnetic force and the distance between two magnets. You learned that if
the distance increases, the force between the two magnets decreases. This
relationship is indirect or reverse. If there is much distance between the
magnets, there is less force.
Ahh, electricity, what a good thing. There is static electricity that
does not move in a circuit. Then there is electric current. For an electric
current to run you need many things. First, you need a power source. If you
have two power supplies, batteries must point in the same direction. Next,
you need cables that are conductors. Conductors can be any metal. You need
a resistance that is one thing that uses electricity. Last YOU NEED A
CLOSED CIRCUIT.
You too should know how to make a circuit to investigate which
materials are conductors. You need a circuit with three wires and a light bulb
to make a circuit to see what material can CLOSE the circuit.
There are two types of circuits; series circuits and parallel circuits.
The series circuits are like circles have only one path where the current runs.
Parallel circuits have two or more pathways of electricity. If you take out a
light bulb in a series circuit, the circuit is fully open and the other bulbs do
not work. A parallel circuit is better because if you remove a light bulb in
one pathway, the other bulbs still work because they have their own
pathways of electric current.