Download Inside Our Earth

Our Earth Inside and Out
And how it works
4.6 billion years in the making
Big Question-
How do Earth’s land, water, air and life work
together to form a system?
What Are the Main Parts of the Earth System?
● A system is a group of parts that work together as a
whole.
○ involves a constant flow of matter though different
parts
○ is driven by energy
○ two main sources of energy: heat from the sun and
heat flowing out of Earth as it cools
Parts of the Earth System
➔ four main spheres
◆ atmosphere,
hydrosphere,
geosphere, and the
biosphere
Can you tell what is in which sphere?
p6
How do forces change Earth?
Lands are constantly being created and destroyed by
competing forces.
● Forces that construct/build up mountains are called
constructive forces. They shape the land’s surface by
building up mountains and other landmasses.
● Destructive forces destroy and wear away landmasses forces such as ice, rain, wind, and changing temperatures
wear down/destroy landmasses.
How Do Geologists Learn about Earth's Interior?
two main types of evidence ● direct evidence from rock samples
○ Drilling, volcanic rock are clues to conditions deep
inside Earth.
● indirect evidence from seismic waves
○ Study how waves travel through Earth - speed and
path of wave gives clue to structure.
What are the main parts of Earth’s Structure?
● Three main layers of Earth are the crust, the
mantle, and the core.
● These layers vary greatly in size,
composition, temperature, and pressure.
● Pressure results from a force pressing on
an area. The temperature and pressure
inside Earth increase with depth.
Crust -
● layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer
skin
● layer of solid rock that includes both
dry land and the ocean floor
● composition of oceanic crust is much
like basalt
● composition of continental crust is
much like granite
What are the main types of landforms found?
❖ Plain - landform made up of nearly flat or gently rolling
land.
➢ coastal plain or interior plain (plains of North America
are called the Great Plains)
❖ Mountain - landform with high elevation; mountain range
are closely related in shape, structure, area, and age.
❖ Plateau - landform that has high elevation and a more or
less level surface
Mantle ➔ made of rock that is very hot, but solid
➔ nearly 3,000 kilometers thick
➔ Divided into layers based on the
physical characteristics
➔ crust and uppermost mantle, a single layer called the
lithosphere
➔ soft layer just beneath the lithosphere is called the
asthenosphere.
How does heat transfer within the mantle?
● Large amounts of heat are
transferred by convection
currents within the core and
mantle.
● Heating/cooling of fluid, change
in its density and force of gravity
combine to cause the circular
motion.
Other ways to transfer heat Radiation - transfer of
energy/heat that travels
through the air. (sun, campfire)
Conduction - transfer between
materials that are touching.
(holding a cup of hot coco)
Core ● made mostly of the metals iron
and nickel
● two parts—a liquid outer core
and a solid inner core
● movements in the liquid outer
core create Earth’s magnetic
field
Modeling and Measuring Earth
● Globes, map projection and maps are all way to model the
surface of Earth.
● Degrees measure the distance from the equator to the
poles and east/west of the prime meridian.
How Do Maps Show Topography?
● Topographic map shows the surface features of an area.
● Use contour lines to represent elevation, relief, and slope