Download EXERCISE ANSWER KEY - CHAPTER 3 6 CHAPTER 3

EXERCISE ANSWER KEY - CHAPTER 3
6
______________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 3 - THE MORPHOLOGY OF ENGLISH
Exercise 3.1
This exercise lends itself to group work. It focuses students’ attention on their knowledge of the
underlying morphological system that enables them to create new words from nonsense words.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
glubbify, glub
glubber
glubbish
glubbishly
glubbiphobe
Exercise 3.2
The parts of speech are indicated below, although at this point students are expected only to
recognize independent words.
1.
under# score
{under} is a preposition meaning “below”
{score} is a verb meaning “to mark with lines”
2.
re# form
{re-} means “repetition of a stated action” (redo)
{form} is a verb meaning “to shape or mold”
3.
dark# en
{dark} is an adjective meaning “without light”
{-en} creates verbs from adjectives (deepen)
4.
coward# ly
{coward} is a noun meaning “one who lacks courage”
{-ly} creates adjectives from nouns (friendly)
5.
child# ish
{child} a noun meaning “a person between birth and puberty”
{-ish} creates adjectives meaning “having the quality of” (foolish)
6.
dough# nut# s
{dough} is a noun meaning “a mixture of flour and liquids that is baked”
{nut} is a noun meaning “a hard-shelled, one-cell fruit”
{-s} indicates that a noun is plural (car/cars)
EXERCISE ANSWER KEY - CHAPTER 3
7
______________________________________________________________________________
7.
non# believe# er
{non-} changes the meaning of a word to its negative (nonstarter)
{believe} is a verb meaning “to accept as true”
{-er} creates a noun meaning “one who does” (scribbler)
8.
clue# less
{clue} is a noun meaning “anything that guides in the solution of a problem”
{-less} creates adjectives meaning “free of” (heedless)
9.
dis# approve# al
{dis-}changes the meanings of verbs to their opposites (disappear)
{approve} is a verb meaning “to regard favorably”
{-al} creates nouns from verbs (removal)
10.
un# fashion# able
{un-}changes the meaning of a word to its opposite (unlikely)
{fashion} is a noun meaning “the current style”
{-able} is from the adjective able, meaning “capable of”
11.
re# ignite# ed
{re-} means “repetition of a stated action” (reassure)
{ignite} is a verb meaning “to cause to burn”
{-ed} indicates the past tense of a verb (walk/walked)
12.
de# class# ify
{de-} indicates “reversal or undoing” (deactivate)
{class } is a noun meaning “a division by quality, rank, or grade”
{-ify} creates verbs from nouns and adjectives (terrify, falsify)
Exercise 3.3
Yester# day# the# bak# er# ’s# old# est# daughter# ran# a# way# with# the# bank# er# ’s# young# est# son.
Exercise 3.4
1.
Fred# find# s# the# old# elevat# or# un# bear# able.
2.
The# manag# er# listen# ed# im# patient# ly# as# the# clerk# ’s# claim# s# be# came# increas#
ing# ly# in# cred# ible
EXERCISE ANSWER KEY - CHAPTER 3
8
______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3.5
1.
A - A regular activity assumed to occur in the past, the present, and the future
2.
D - Something that will occur in the future
3.
E - Something that occurs at an indefinite time
4.
B - Something in a narrative that occurred in the past but is told as though it were
happening in the present
5.
A - A regular activity assumed to occur in the past, the present, and the future
E - Something that occurs at an indefinite time
6.
CC - Both verbs indicate something that is continuously ongoing in the past, present, and
future
7.
C - Something that is continuously ongoing in the past, present, and future
D or E - Something that will occur in the future or at an indefinite time
8.
BB - Both verbs indicate something in a narrative that occurred in the past but is told as
though it were happening in the present
Exercise 3.6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
thought, thought
sank, sunk
blinked, blinked
swept, swept
bleeped, bleeped
burned/burnt, burned/burnt
turned, turned
swam, swum
trimmed, trimmed
hit, hit
gritted, gritted
sat, sat
EXERCISE ANSWER KEY - CHAPTER 3
9
______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3.7
1.
Noun
The concrete’s surface was very rough.
2.
Verb
I reconciled my checkbook last month.
3.
Noun
Verb
Only a few stars are visible when the moon is bright.
Johnny Depp has starred in many movies.
4.
Noun
Verb
We’ll have three tables of bridge tonight.
The committee tabled the motion after a long discussion.
5.
Noun
Verb
They keep soft drinks in their refrigerator during the summer.
Barbara drank water constantly while working out.
6.
Adjective
Adverb
You can drop me off at the far corner.
His robot didn’t go far before it ran off the road and fell into a ditch.
7.
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Joe freed the dog from its leash when they reached the park.
I have never felt freer in my life.
The New Hampshire motto is “Live free or die.”
8.
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
He’ll be wearing 28 longs before long.
The servicemen and women longed to spend Thanksgiving at home.
June 6, 1944, has been called “The Longest Day.”
Jimmy balanced the ball on his nose longer than anyone else.
Exercise 3.8
Some of the possible derivations from act are:
actable, actably, action, actionary, actionless, activate, active, actively, activeness, activist,
activistic, activisticly, activity, antiaction, deactivate, enact, enaction, enactment, inactable,
inactableness, inactably, inaction, inactivate, inactive, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity,
nonaction, nonactive, nonactively, nonactiveness, nonactivity, proaction, proactive, proactively,
proactiveness, proactivity, react, reaction, reactionary, reactionless, reactionlessly, reactivate,
reactive, reactiveness, reactivity, reenact, reenaction, reenactment, semiaction, semiactive,
semiactively, semiactiveness, semiactivity, superaction, superactive, superactively, unactable,
unactably, and so on.
Students may create or discover others.
EXERCISE ANSWER KEY - CHAPTER 3
10
______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3.9
1.
{fore-}
{shadow}
bound derivational prefix meaning “before in time” (forecast)
free base
2.
{dis-}
{approve}
{-al}
bound derivational prefix indicating negation (disunite)
free base
bound derivational noun-making suffix meaning “act or process” (refusal)
3.
{hyphen}
{-ate}
free base
bound derivational verb-making suffix meaning “to apply” (pollinate)
4.
{techno-}
{-crat}
bound base meaning “concerned with technology”
bound derivational suffix meaning “a participant or supporter” (democrat)
5.
{be-}
bound derivational verb-making prefix meaning “to cause a condition to
exist” (becalm)
free base
{stir}
6.
{en-}
{throne}
{-ment}
bound derivational verb-making prefix meaning “to put into or on”
(encompass)
free base
bound derivational noun-making suffix meaning “state or action”
(government)
7.
{marvel}
{-ous}
free base
bound derivational adjective-making suffix “having or possessing”
(odorous)
8.
{en-}
{close}
{-ure}
bound derivational prefix meaning “in or within” (encase)
free base
bound derivational noun-making suffix indicating “act or process”
(indenture)
EXERCISE ANSWER KEY - CHAPTER 3
11
______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3.10
This exercise can be assigned as homework or it can be done in class in small groups. Use a
dictionary to check your answer.
acrophobia
claustrophobia
hydrophobia
agoraphobia
gamophobia
orinthophobia
panophobia
melissophobia
demophobia
thanatophobia
phagophobia
ichthyphobia
genophobia
arachnophobia
ophidiophobia
xenophobia
gynophobia
triskaidekaphobia
autophobia
scopophobia
hygrophobia
batrachnophobia
peniaphobia
alophobia
fear of heights
fear of being locked up, shut up in an enclosed space
fear of water
fear of open spaces
fear of marriage
fear of birds
fear of work
fear of bees
fear of crowds
fear of death
fear of eating
fear of fish
fear of sex
fear of spiders
fear of snakes
fear of strangers
fear of women
fear of thirteen
fear of being alone
fear of being looked at
fear of dampness
fear of frogs
fear of poverty
fear of seeing, handling, or playing a flute or similar wind
instrument
Exercise 3.11
1.
fast
accepts inflectional suffixes (as a verb, fasts/fasted; as an adjective or adverb
faster/fastest)
2.
quite
cannot accept change
3.
river
accepts inflectional suffixes (rivers)
EXERCISE ANSWER KEY - CHAPTER 3
12
______________________________________________________________________________
4.
might
cannot accept change
5.
backwards
cannot accept change
6.
cook
accepts derivational (cookery) and inflectional suffixes (cooks, cooked)
7.
attractive
accepts derivational (attractively) suffixes
8.
among
cannot accept change
9.
imagine
accepts derivational affixes (unimaginable, imaginability)
Exercise 3.12
No answers are provided for this exercise.
Review Exercises
Morphological Analysis
1.
{bag}
{-age}
free base meaning “pouch-like container”
bound derivational suffix meaning “relationship or pertaining to”
(parentage)
2.
{style}
{-ist}
{-ic}
free base meaning “sort or kind”
bound derivational suffix meaning “a person skilled in a special field”
(physicist)
bound derivational suffix meaning “characteristic of” (mythic)
3.
{in-}
{digest}
{-ion}
bound derivational prefix meaning “not” (ineligible)
free base meaning “to assimilate food”
bound derivational suffix meaning “an act or process” (revision)
4.
{semi-}
{conduct}
{-or}
bound derivational prefix meaning “partial or half” (semicircle)
free base meaning “to direct the course of”
bound derivational suffix meaning “something that performs the action”
(operator)
5.
{out}
{side}
free base meaning “away from inside”
free base meaning “an area separated from another”
EXERCISE ANSWER KEY - CHAPTER 3
13
______________________________________________________________________________
6.
{grump}
{-y}
{-est}
free base meaning “a cranky person”
bound derivational adjective-making suffix (rainy)
bound inflectional suffix indicating the superlative
7.
{paint}
{-er}
free base meaning “to cover with a liquid used as a decorative coating”
bound derivational suffix meaning “person who performs an action”
(wrestler)
bound derivational suffix creating adjectives from nouns (brotherly)
{-ly}
8.
{margin}
{-al}
{-ize}
free base meaning “an edge or border”
bound derivational suffix indicating “connection with” (adjectival)
bound derivational verb-making suffix meaning “to cause to become”
(idolize)
9.
{in-}
{capable}
{-ity}
bound derivational prefix meaning “not” (ineligible)
free base meaning “having the ability”
bound derivational suffix indicating a state or quality (authenticity)
10.
{re-}
bound derivational prefix meaning “repetition of a previous action”
(reapply)
free base meaning “to spread out troops”
bound derivational noun-making suffix indicating “action or state”
(appeasement)
{deploy}
{-ment}
11.
{un-}
{de-}
{cipher}
{-able}
bound derivational prefix meaning “not” (unfair)
bound derivational prefix meaning “undo” (deselect)
free base meaning “code”
bound derivational suffix meaning “capable of” (arguable)
12.
{house}
{hold}
{-er}
{-s}
free base meaning “residence”
free base meaning “something held”
bound derivational suffix meaning “person who performs the action”
bound inflection suffix indicating the plural
EXERCISE ANSWER KEY - CHAPTER 3
14
______________________________________________________________________________
Inflectional Morphemes
is
smallest
state’s
growing
is
keeping
becoming
gardeners
It’s
crops
vegetables
have
lacked
faster
days
fruits
reported
cabbages
grew
were
had
been
chilled
exploded
rose
said
was
bigger
records
holds
has
produced
was
largest
weighed
grown
verb present tense (third person singular)
adjective superlative
noun possessive
verb present participle
verb present tense (third person singular)
verb present participle
verb present participle
noun plural
A contraction of two words: the pronoun It and the verb is (present tense, third
person singular)
noun plural
noun plural
verb present tense (plural)
verb past participle
adverb comparative
noun plural
noun plural
verb past tense
noun plural
verb past tense
verb past tense (plural)
verb past tense
verb past participle
verb past participle
verb past tense
verb past tense
verb past tense
verb past tense (singular)
adjective comparative
noun plural
verb present tense (third person singular)
verb present tense (third person singular)
verb past participle
verb past tense (singular)
adjective superlative
verb past tense
verb past participle
EXERCISE ANSWER KEY - CHAPTER 3
15
______________________________________________________________________________
Practical Applications - New Coinages
1.
wikipedia
an interactive web-based encyclopedia
{wiki} + {-pedia}, as in encyclopedia
2.
wiktionary
an interactive web-based dictionary
{wiki} + {-tionary}, as in dictionary
3.
wikiblog
an interactive web log
{wiki} + {blog} (a compound word)
4.
wikitorial
a short-lived L.A. Times interactive web-based editorial page
{wiki} + {-torial}, as in editorial
5.
wikify, wikiate
6.
wikster, wikimaniac, wikiac
7.
wikisphere, wikidom, wikiverse
8.
bliki, bloki
9.
linki, liki, cliki
Practical Applications - Changing Language
Student answers to this assignment will vary. It is a good exercise for students to write first and
share later in small groups.