Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download File
Document related concepts
Transcript
KEYChapter 4 Earth Chemistry Terms to Know Terms Matter Definitions Examples (words or pictures) Anything that takes up space and has mass Physical properties Characteristics that can be observed without changing substances’ composition Density, color, hardness freezing point, melting point, boiling point luster Chemical properties Characteristics that describe how two substances react to produce new substances Rusting, burning, reactions with acid/base Element Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and cannot be made by combining other substances Hydrogen, oxygen, iron, barium, calcium Atom The building blocks of matter that contain subatomic particles Subatomic particles Particles in an atom: protons, neutrons, electrons Proton Subatomic particle with a positive charge Electron Subatomic particle with a negative charge Neutron Subatomic particles with a neutral charge Nucleus The inner part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons Atomic number Found in each elements’ box on the periodic table and indicates how many protons that element contains (also tells you how many electrons) Periodic table An organized way to present elements that provides information about an element’s symbol, name, atomic number, and atomic mass Mass number This is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons of an element and is normally listed on the bottom of each elements’ box on the periodic table Compound Substances formed when two or more different elements chemically combine—these have properties that differ from the elements that make them up Molecule When two or more atoms join together (the same or different elements)—the smallest physical unit of a substance that can exist Chemical formula This tells what and how many of each element is in a compound or molecule Chemical equation This shows how elements and compounds combine in a reaction to form new compounds Reactants Elements and compounds that combine to make a product in a chemical reaction Products Elements and compounds that result from a chemical reaction Chemical bonds Bonds between atoms in a molecule that are not easily broken They are the forces that hold atoms together Ion An atom that has an electric charge because it has lost or gained an electron. Ionic bond This kind of bond forms between a metal and a non-metal. Electrons are transferred Covalent bond This kind of bond forms between two non-metals and electrons are shared. Mixture A substance consisting of two or more substances that have been combined WITHOUT becoming chemically bonded together Heterogeneous mixture A mixture in which two or more substances are NOT evenly distributed Homogeneous mixture A mixture in which two or more substances are EVENLY distributed (also known as a solution)
