Download Chemical Bonding

Siena Wiedmann, William
Pickering, Amber Hopkins, Ariel
Braunstein, Faye Ogawa
Period 1
• Atoms are the smallest units of matter. They
are the building blocks of everything.
• The subatomic particles that make up atoms
are protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Protons=Positive charge
• Neutrons=Neutral charge
• Electrons=Negative charge
• Elements are pure substances that are made
of only one type of atom.
• Isotopes are elements with different numbers
of neutrons.
• Because isotopes have the same number
electrons, all isotopes of an element have the
same chemical properties.
Key:
Atomic Number
The number of
protons.
Atomic Mass
The number of
protons and
neutrons in the
nucleus.
Element Symbol
Name of Element
• Shows the number of valence electrons.
• It determines how elements combine.
• When two elements chemically combine they
form compounds.
• Ionic bonds form when metals and nonmetals
combine and transfer electrons.
• Covalent bonds form when nonmetals and
metals combine and share electrons.
• A water molecule is polar because there is an
uneven distribution of electrons between the
oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
• Cohesion is attraction between molecules of
the same substance.
• Adhesion is an attraction between molecules
of different substances.
• A mixture is a material composed of two or more
elements combined physically, not chemically.
• Solutions are mixtures of two or more substances in
which the molecule of the substance is evenly
distributed.
• The solute is the substance that is dissolved.
• The solvent is the substance in which the solute is
dissolved.
• An Acid is any compound that forms
H+ ions. The closer to 0 the acid is the
stronger it is.
• A base is a compound that produces
hydroxide ions (OH- ions). The closer
to 14 the stronger the base is.
• Neutral is any compound that has a pH
of 7.
• Carbohydrates are groups of organic compounds that
include sugar, starch, and cellulose. The subunit is
monosaccharides.
• Proteins are complex, organic compounds made up of
amino acids.
• Lipids are organic compounds that contains fats, oils,
waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. They are made of
fatty acid chains.
• Nucleic acids are large, complex molecules that contain
the hereditary information for all living things. They are
made of nucleotides.
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions!
• One or more substances are changed into new
substances by making or breaking chemical
bonds.
• The reactants are what goes into a chemical
reaction and the product is what comes out.
1. What is an atom?
a)
b)
c)
d)
A unit composed of nucleotides
The smallest units of matter
A unit containing active organelles
None of these
2. What is the atomic mass?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Number of protons
Number of neutrons
A&B
None of the above
3. What is this?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Atomic mass
Atomic number
Element symbol
None of the above
4. Which one of these is a chemical
bond?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Salt dissolved in water
Ripping a piece of paper
Gluing feathers onto a hat
None of the above
5. Which one is NOT a covalent bond?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Water
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
All of the above
6. What does pH measure?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Acidity
How much water is in a solution
How sour a drink is
All of the above
7. What are the subunits of lipids?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Fatty acid chains
A nitrogen base
Carbon dioxide
French fries
8. How many Lewis dots are there for
Carbon?
a)
b)
c)
d)
4
8
3
42
9. What group is Neon (Ne) in?
9. What group is Neon (Ne) in?
a) Noble gas
b) Alkali Metal
c) Halogens
d) Alkali Earth Metal
10. What is this?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Inactive Site
Protein
Active site
Ribosome
Answer
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. C