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Rome Powerpoint fill in notes
Rome lies in the center of the
and Italy is cut off from the rest of Europe by the Alps Mountain
Range. The landscape was far easier to manage than the Greeks, meaning the
were able to march from one
end to the other a lot easier than Greeks.
Rome is said to be found by
. The city of Rome was named after Romulus after he won a
deadly battle against his brother. It was said to be formed around
on top of seven hills near the Tiber
River. They drained the swampy area that kept them apart and built a forum.
as the center of government
and religion with a little business there too.
First government was a
. The king ruled anything and everything with the help of priests, nobles, and a senate
which was made with wealthy aristocrats. Republic- The Romans grew tired of the King and decided to overthrow him
and go with a
which gave people the right to vote. The word republic comes from the word
which means public business.
Italy already had many different
. People of Rome were diverse. The early
settled in the
area and brought their culture with them. The
were highly advanced in Rome and taught the native
people everything they needed to know to flourish.
The basic unit of the army was the legion. About
troops in each army and then broken into maniples.
The army picked up things from other countries such as the sword from Spain and the
. They built
roads so they could move faster.
Rome’s government was governed by a
, or a set of rules by which government if organized. They
focused on a
of powers, no one man have all the power in the government. Power was also divided
among three branches of government:
,
, and
.
Free Roman men were
of the Roman Republic. The symbol for citizenship was the
, or garment
that men wore wrapped around the bodies. They had the right to a trial when accused and the right to vote. Two sides:
, older families usually rich, and the
normal people who wanted political power.
The assembly was the democratic part of the government. All male citizens could
in this part
with electing officials and passing laws. But they didn’t have as much power as the
, The Senate worked
like an oligarchy. Made up of the wealthiest and older Roman men. Chosen by the
. They were the
order of the Roman Government and ran the foreign policy and how to spend the money in the city.
Quaestors: dealt with money, Aedile: in charge of
and maintain public buildings. Tribune: Protectors of
. Praetor: Judge cases, managed the city of
, and led the armies. Consuls: top
officials of Roman
, presided of senate and highest judges.
Romans lived in a
society, meaning that men ruled their families. The
had all the
power, such as owning property, slaves, and who lived and who died. Women could own property and take place in
society, but couldn’t vote or hold
office. Rich Romans got there wealth through agriculture and banking
and lived in places called
, or country homes.
Slavery was very big in Rome, in the year 1b.c. there was believed to be
of the population were slaves.
Slaves would hold various jobs to
and
to working in the house to even teaching school.
They could buy their freedom If they saved up enough money. The most famous slave was
who led
a major revolt but was put down in the 70’s b.c.
Romans got their religion mostly from other people such as Greeks or the
. The government had an
established
or official religion supported by the government. The
officials served as priest
and the citizens tried to please them in any way they could. They built temples, animal
held games and build
home alters to worship the Gods.
_________The mighty king of the gods. Roman God of the
, thunderstorms, lightning, weather and air. Also god of
law, order, justice, governance and strength. Most important god of the Romans and usually had the
divine
authority over other gods.
__________: one of the brothers of Jupiter, one of the prime gods and ruler of the seas. The patron of sailors and the
of ships
________ Queen of the Gods, wife of Jupiter. Goddess of
and Women. Protector and Counsellor of Rome.
_______ God of War, Spring and
. Patron of the Roman Legions and divine father of Romulus and Remus.
________ Goddess of
and consort of Mars. Divine mother of Aeneas, ancestor of the Romans.
__________:Goddess of War, Conquest and
.
___________: Goddess of Wisdom,
, Useful Arts and Crafts. Unlike her Greek counterpart, Athena, she
wasn't a war goddess.
_________: God of Beginnings,
, Transition, Doorways and Keys.
_________: Goddess of the Home and the Hearth. Patron of Rome.
When Romans fought against Carthage for control of the western
. Hannibal, Carthage’s most successful
leader
and almost
the Romans. Scipiothat attacks Carthage and defeats
Hannibal for the end of the ____
Wars. Roman troops burn
to the ground and took control
of all land in western Mediterranean. This started the Roman Empire.
Carthage was a city in North Africa that also controlled parts of Spain and
. Hannibal, Carthage's most
successful
, led his city’s troops. In 218B.C.he launched a daring strike. Hannibal marched from
Spain into Italy over the
mountains with
soldiers and about 40 war elephants.
In 204B.C., the Roman general,
, crossed the sea into Africa, his army then attacked Carthage.
Corrupt
were sent to govern the new lands, kill anybody that sought to get in their way.
Poor Romans were growing with overwhelming numbers.
farmers lost jobs.
Gaius Mariusthat helped poor Romans to join army and get jobs.
Military
were turning their armies against the senate causing civil war, or war between groups
in same country. Julius Caesar- Powerful Military leader who took over Rome and helped the poor. Died by stabbing
from the senate on the day call
, or March 15, 44 b.c. Octavian defeated
enemies and created an empire and called himself
, or greatly honored one.
Augustus- Brought peace to Rome after the
. Shrank the size of military, improved life for ordinary
people, and fought corruption. Trajan- New Territory, Hadrian- Travelled around the empire, Marcus Aurelius- Famous
book of
. Nero- Persecuted
and killed for no reason. Pax Romanafrom 30 B.C. to 180 A.D.
Roman Roads- one old saying is, “All Roads Lead to Rome” Roman Roads were built to last. The
roads
extended more than 50,000 miles which lead to cities and forts. The roads were built mainly so that
could
move from place to place. Many people worked on the roads including military engineers,
, and
. Roman soldiers also worked on the roads when they were not fighting. The roads helped make government
and
more efficient. Good roads from ports to large inland cities also helped supply food.
An aqueduct is a water supply or navigable channel constructed to convey water. The
aqueduct at Pont du
Gard, near
, France, was and still is a very important aqueduct; which was built between the late 1st century
B.C. and the early 1st century A.D. The Roman
not only provided drinking water for the Romans, but
indoor sewer systems that carried water away from the city and also supplied the baths and, other modern day
household things, with abundant amounts of water. Architecture- They made things out of concrete instead of stone
which was much lighter. They built
and
bridges.
The _________________ is the best preserved building from ancient Rome. It was built between 118 to 125 A.D. in the
reign of
. It was a Roman temple dedicated to all the gods of Rome. The single round openings called
an
located at the highest point in the dome The oculus at the top of the
is 28 feet in diameter
and provides the only source of light for the interior.
_____________________built around 70 A.D. It is a multilevel system of vaults made of
.
Its real name is the
. It is used for staged battles between lions, and
,
and
Rome did a lot of trading by sea which was safe after they made a
. The economy was based on farming.
This is where people got the money for public buildings. Crafts were also part of
such as glass, pottery,
metalwork, and ships. They established one united
so trading would be easier.
Art- Colorful mosaics brightened the floors, which were designed with small tiles of
,
, or
. Roman Languages- Spanish, Italian, French, and Portuguese all originated from Latin which was
spoken throughout Europe. Oratory- Romans created the art of giving speeches, like
who spoke
about politics. Virgil- Wrote and told the story
, a copy of the Illiad and the Odyssey.
Juvenal- Wrote satires which made fun of the
. Seneca- Stoic writer who urged people to practice selfcontrol. Claudius Ptolemy- Famous
and
, wrote a book on how to view the
universe even though it was wrong, and wrote about Geography and light as well. Claudius Galenwho
cut open animals to study the body.
They enjoyed many events such as fights and
contest. Gladiators- Men who fought one another for
entertainment usually to the death. Fought in the
. Sometimes it would teams of
and then other times there would be water battles so the gladiators could fight naval battles. Chariot Races- Held in
, Romans would race chariots pulled by horses. Roman LawLaws about Roman Life
but significant because it was written down.
Problems, including
and foreign invasions, led to the
of the Roman empire.
The Roman empire was divided into
and
halves, each with its own emperor. The western half of the
empire collapsed while the eastern half survived.
Military
began challenging emperors. A series of civil wars broke out. Septimus
tried unsuccessfully to restore peace. More civil wars occurred.
Diocletian: He split the empire into two halves reorganized the
government into two coemperors with junior emperors for support. He restored peace on the _____________. He persecuted _________
Constantine: He made Christianity a
empire, in the city now called
religion in the empire.• started to build a new capital for the eastern
.