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Rome Powerpoint fill in notes Rome lies in the center of the and Italy is cut off from the rest of Europe by the Alps Mountain Range. The landscape was far easier to manage than the Greeks, meaning the were able to march from one end to the other a lot easier than Greeks. Rome is said to be found by . The city of Rome was named after Romulus after he won a deadly battle against his brother. It was said to be formed around on top of seven hills near the Tiber River. They drained the swampy area that kept them apart and built a forum. as the center of government and religion with a little business there too. First government was a . The king ruled anything and everything with the help of priests, nobles, and a senate which was made with wealthy aristocrats. Republic- The Romans grew tired of the King and decided to overthrow him and go with a which gave people the right to vote. The word republic comes from the word which means public business. Italy already had many different . People of Rome were diverse. The early settled in the area and brought their culture with them. The were highly advanced in Rome and taught the native people everything they needed to know to flourish. The basic unit of the army was the legion. About troops in each army and then broken into maniples. The army picked up things from other countries such as the sword from Spain and the . They built roads so they could move faster. Rome’s government was governed by a , or a set of rules by which government if organized. They focused on a of powers, no one man have all the power in the government. Power was also divided among three branches of government: , , and . Free Roman men were of the Roman Republic. The symbol for citizenship was the , or garment that men wore wrapped around the bodies. They had the right to a trial when accused and the right to vote. Two sides: , older families usually rich, and the normal people who wanted political power. The assembly was the democratic part of the government. All male citizens could in this part with electing officials and passing laws. But they didn’t have as much power as the , The Senate worked like an oligarchy. Made up of the wealthiest and older Roman men. Chosen by the . They were the order of the Roman Government and ran the foreign policy and how to spend the money in the city. Quaestors: dealt with money, Aedile: in charge of and maintain public buildings. Tribune: Protectors of . Praetor: Judge cases, managed the city of , and led the armies. Consuls: top officials of Roman , presided of senate and highest judges. Romans lived in a society, meaning that men ruled their families. The had all the power, such as owning property, slaves, and who lived and who died. Women could own property and take place in society, but couldn’t vote or hold office. Rich Romans got there wealth through agriculture and banking and lived in places called , or country homes. Slavery was very big in Rome, in the year 1b.c. there was believed to be of the population were slaves. Slaves would hold various jobs to and to working in the house to even teaching school. They could buy their freedom If they saved up enough money. The most famous slave was who led a major revolt but was put down in the 70’s b.c. Romans got their religion mostly from other people such as Greeks or the . The government had an established or official religion supported by the government. The officials served as priest and the citizens tried to please them in any way they could. They built temples, animal held games and build home alters to worship the Gods. _________The mighty king of the gods. Roman God of the , thunderstorms, lightning, weather and air. Also god of law, order, justice, governance and strength. Most important god of the Romans and usually had the divine authority over other gods. __________: one of the brothers of Jupiter, one of the prime gods and ruler of the seas. The patron of sailors and the of ships ________ Queen of the Gods, wife of Jupiter. Goddess of and Women. Protector and Counsellor of Rome. _______ God of War, Spring and . Patron of the Roman Legions and divine father of Romulus and Remus. ________ Goddess of and consort of Mars. Divine mother of Aeneas, ancestor of the Romans. __________:Goddess of War, Conquest and . ___________: Goddess of Wisdom, , Useful Arts and Crafts. Unlike her Greek counterpart, Athena, she wasn't a war goddess. _________: God of Beginnings, , Transition, Doorways and Keys. _________: Goddess of the Home and the Hearth. Patron of Rome. When Romans fought against Carthage for control of the western . Hannibal, Carthage’s most successful leader and almost the Romans. Scipiothat attacks Carthage and defeats Hannibal for the end of the ____ Wars. Roman troops burn to the ground and took control of all land in western Mediterranean. This started the Roman Empire. Carthage was a city in North Africa that also controlled parts of Spain and . Hannibal, Carthage's most successful , led his city’s troops. In 218B.C.he launched a daring strike. Hannibal marched from Spain into Italy over the mountains with soldiers and about 40 war elephants. In 204B.C., the Roman general, , crossed the sea into Africa, his army then attacked Carthage. Corrupt were sent to govern the new lands, kill anybody that sought to get in their way. Poor Romans were growing with overwhelming numbers. farmers lost jobs. Gaius Mariusthat helped poor Romans to join army and get jobs. Military were turning their armies against the senate causing civil war, or war between groups in same country. Julius Caesar- Powerful Military leader who took over Rome and helped the poor. Died by stabbing from the senate on the day call , or March 15, 44 b.c. Octavian defeated enemies and created an empire and called himself , or greatly honored one. Augustus- Brought peace to Rome after the . Shrank the size of military, improved life for ordinary people, and fought corruption. Trajan- New Territory, Hadrian- Travelled around the empire, Marcus Aurelius- Famous book of . Nero- Persecuted and killed for no reason. Pax Romanafrom 30 B.C. to 180 A.D. Roman Roads- one old saying is, “All Roads Lead to Rome” Roman Roads were built to last. The roads extended more than 50,000 miles which lead to cities and forts. The roads were built mainly so that could move from place to place. Many people worked on the roads including military engineers, , and . Roman soldiers also worked on the roads when they were not fighting. The roads helped make government and more efficient. Good roads from ports to large inland cities also helped supply food. An aqueduct is a water supply or navigable channel constructed to convey water. The aqueduct at Pont du Gard, near , France, was and still is a very important aqueduct; which was built between the late 1st century B.C. and the early 1st century A.D. The Roman not only provided drinking water for the Romans, but indoor sewer systems that carried water away from the city and also supplied the baths and, other modern day household things, with abundant amounts of water. Architecture- They made things out of concrete instead of stone which was much lighter. They built and bridges. The _________________ is the best preserved building from ancient Rome. It was built between 118 to 125 A.D. in the reign of . It was a Roman temple dedicated to all the gods of Rome. The single round openings called an located at the highest point in the dome The oculus at the top of the is 28 feet in diameter and provides the only source of light for the interior. _____________________built around 70 A.D. It is a multilevel system of vaults made of . Its real name is the . It is used for staged battles between lions, and , and Rome did a lot of trading by sea which was safe after they made a . The economy was based on farming. This is where people got the money for public buildings. Crafts were also part of such as glass, pottery, metalwork, and ships. They established one united so trading would be easier. Art- Colorful mosaics brightened the floors, which were designed with small tiles of , , or . Roman Languages- Spanish, Italian, French, and Portuguese all originated from Latin which was spoken throughout Europe. Oratory- Romans created the art of giving speeches, like who spoke about politics. Virgil- Wrote and told the story , a copy of the Illiad and the Odyssey. Juvenal- Wrote satires which made fun of the . Seneca- Stoic writer who urged people to practice selfcontrol. Claudius Ptolemy- Famous and , wrote a book on how to view the universe even though it was wrong, and wrote about Geography and light as well. Claudius Galenwho cut open animals to study the body. They enjoyed many events such as fights and contest. Gladiators- Men who fought one another for entertainment usually to the death. Fought in the . Sometimes it would teams of and then other times there would be water battles so the gladiators could fight naval battles. Chariot Races- Held in , Romans would race chariots pulled by horses. Roman LawLaws about Roman Life but significant because it was written down. Problems, including and foreign invasions, led to the of the Roman empire. The Roman empire was divided into and halves, each with its own emperor. The western half of the empire collapsed while the eastern half survived. Military began challenging emperors. A series of civil wars broke out. Septimus tried unsuccessfully to restore peace. More civil wars occurred. Diocletian: He split the empire into two halves reorganized the government into two coemperors with junior emperors for support. He restored peace on the _____________. He persecuted _________ Constantine: He made Christianity a empire, in the city now called religion in the empire.• started to build a new capital for the eastern .