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Download Genetics Review Lectures 1-4
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Genetics Review Lectures 1-4 BIO250 Genetics Dr. Ramos Offspring look like their parents. WHY? Class divided in 3 parts: • Mendelian Genetics – Ratios, monohybrid, dihybrid crossed • Molecular Genetics – DNA replication, translation, linkage • Current topics – Bioethics, reading scientific literature Genetics in every day life • • • • • Agriculture Forensics Medicine Conservation Biotechnology In November we will discuss some of the bioethical implications of the use of genetics in different fields. Every student will do a small presentation on a topic. Mendelian Genetics • Model organisms – Short life cycle – Large number of offspring – Easy to grow – Occupy small space – Easy to provide nutrients for – Well understood growth and development Seven traits analyzed by Mendel Phenotype: physical appearance of a trait Gene: unit of inheritance Allele: alternative forms of a single gene. Determines phenotype. Genotype: genetic makeup of an individual. Homozygous: both alleles are the same Heterozygous: both alleles are different. Mendel figured out the rules of genetics by working with pea plants. Why were these plants a good tool for Mendel to use to answer his questions about inheritance? 1. Individual plants could be self-fertilized or crossfertilized with other individuals. 2. They grew quickly (short generation time). 3. Clearly defined traits (yellow vs. green) were observed. 4. All of the above. Mendel’s Postulates • • • • Unit factors exist in pairs. There are dominant and recessive factors. Paired unit factors segregate randomly. Independent assortment Monohybrid, Dihybrid and Trihybrid crosses A dominant trait masks the effect of a recessive trait. Which example is the genotype of a true-breeding plant? 1. Two copies of the purple allele 2. Two copies of the white allele 3. One copy of the purple and one copy of the white allele. 4. 1 and 2 5. All of the above Which answer below is an example of a heterozygous plant? 1. Two copies of the purple allele 2. Two copies of the white allele 3. One copy of the purple allele and one copy of the white allele 4. 1 and 2 5. All of the above A flower that is heterozygous for the purple gene (Purple “P” is dominant over white “p”) has what phenotype and genotype, respectively? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Purple; PP Purple; pp White; Pp White; pp Purple; Pp Glossary sheet