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Name: Key Date Period Unit 1 Test Study Guide A. States of Matter a. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. b. Complete the table below on the States of Matter Shape Volume Solid Definite (Certain) Definite Liquid Indefinite (not fixed) Definite Gas Indefinite Indefinite Picture of molecules c. Give 3 examples of properties of matter. i. Color- Physical property ii. Melting and Boiling Point- physical property iii. Ability to have a chemical reaction- Chemical property B. Mixtures vs. Pure Substances a. Define Mixture: a substance made when mixing two or more substances together b. What are the 2 types of mixtures? i. Homogenous ii. Heterogenous Mavi/ Gogolin Chemistry Name: Key Date Period c. Explain how each type of mixture is different. Homogenous- mixture looks the same throughout the mixture. You cannot see the individual components of the mixture. Heterogenous- you can see the individual components of the mixture. d. Give an example of each. i. Homoegenous- Milk ii. Heterogenous- Salad e. Define pure substance: substance made of one type of atom or molecule f. What are the 2 types of pure substances? Elements are chemically the simplest substances and cannot be broken down using chemical methods. Compound- Made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together g. Give an example of each. i. Nitrogen- Element ii. Sugar- Compound h. Identify the following as an element , compound, homogenous or heterogeneous mixture 1. CO2- Compound 2. N - Element 3. Syrup- Homogenous Mixture 4. Ag - Element Mavi/ Gogolin Chemistry Name: Key Date Period 5. H2O - Compound 6. NaCl- Compound 7. Salt Water – Homogenous Mixture 8. Caesar Salad- Heterogenous Mixture C. Atomic Theory a. What is an atom? An atom is the basic unit of an element, building blocks of all matter. b. Summarize Dalton’s 5 postulates i. All matter is made up of atoms ii. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible iii. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties. iv. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratio's to form chemical compounds v. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged c. What is Conservation of Mass? In chemical reactions, the mass will stay the same. Mass in neither created or destroyed. i. How does it relate to Dalton’s Atomic Theory? The mass doesn’t change in chemical reactions because the atoms only rearrange in the reaction, nothing is added or removed from the system. Mavi/ Gogolin Chemistry Name: Key Date Period d. Draw a picture of Dalton’s Atom. e. Was Dalton correct in his statement that Atoms cannot be further divided into smaller pieces? No i. Explain. Atoms are made up into subatomic particles; protons, neutrons and electrons. f. What did J.J. Thompson discover about the atom? Electrons (negatively charged subatomic particles) g. What did he call his model? Plum Pudding Model i. Draw a picture. Mavi/ Gogolin Chemistry Name: Key Date Period h. Describe his experiment. Experiment to show that cathode rays were electrically charged. The cathode ray tube by which J.J. Thomson demonstrated that cathode rays could be deflected by a magnetic field, and that their negative charge was not a separate phenomenon. i. What did Rutherford discover about the atom? Atoms have a tiny heavy nucleus j. Describe his experiment. Gold Foil Experiment- Rutherford designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive element as probes to the unseen world of atomic structure. They shot alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil, and noticed that most went through, but some bounced back. k. What was Rutherford’s original hypothesis for his experiment? The particles would go through the foil. i. What actually happened? Some particles bounced backwards. l. Mavi/ Gogolin Draw Rutherford’s atom model. Chemistry Name: Key Date Period D. Periodic Table Nomenclature a. Label each component on the periodic table for this element. b. What does the Atomic Number tell you about the element? Number of protons and electrons c. What is the Element Symbol for this element? C d. What is the Atomic Mass of this element? 12.01 e. What is the Mass Number? 12 f. How would you determine how many neutrons are in this element? Subtract the atomic number from the mass # i. How many Neutrons are found in this element? (Show work) 12 – 6 = 6 neutrons g. How many electrons are in this element? 6 h. How many protons are in this element? 6 i. Mavi/ Gogolin What is the name of this element? Carbon Chemistry Name: Key Date j. Period Define isotope: Different versions of the same element. The have the same atomic number, number of protons and electrons but a different mass number and number of neutrons. k. How can you tell isotopes of the same element apart? They have a different number of neutrons l. Identify the missing components in the diagram below. m. Write the number of proton, neutron and electrons for each isotope. i. Mavi/ Gogolin Nitrogen-15 Nitrogen- 20 # of Protons 7 7 # of neutrons 15-7= 8 20-7= 13 # of electrons 7 7 Chemistry