Download 3.9.15 - Steven-J

3.9.15
• Why did Europeans launch the crusades?
The Seljuk Turks conquered the Holy Land and
attacked the Byzantine Empire.
The Byzantine Emperor called on the Pope for
help.
Pope called on Christians to retake Holy Land.
Main Idea
• The Crusades, a series of attempts to gain
Christian control of the Holy Land, had a
profound economic, political, and social
impact on the societies involved.
Goals of Crusades
• Goal to take Jerusalem, Holy Land, away
from Muslims
• Jerusalem site of Holy Temple of Jews,
also where Jesus crucified, buried, was to
come again
Muslim Control
• Jerusalem in control of North African
Muslims, late 1000s
• Turkish Muslims took control of Persia,
other lands, persecuted Christians visiting
region
• Turks attacked Byzantine Empire,
destroyed army, 1071
Call to Arms
• Pope Urban II called on Christian warriors to
put aside differences, fight against Turks
• Set out to meet foes with slogan “God wills it!”
– What does this remind you of?
What was a side effect of the call to
arms?
Sequence
• What events led to the call for a Crusade?
• Seljuk Turks conquered Holy Land, threatened
Byzantines; Byzantine emperor called on pope
for assistance
Fighting the Crusades
• Crusaders left France in 1096 in First Crusade.
• In all, nine Crusades set out between 1096
and 1291 to claim or protect the Holy Land
First Crusade
• Crusaders in two groups, peasants and knights
• Unskilled peasants answered Pope’s call
– Eager to fight non-Christians in Holy Land
– On the way attacked and slaughtered
German Jews despite protests
• Knights
• Better trained in warfare
• Traveled three years
• Siege of Jerusalem victory for Crusaders, disaster
for city
• Renamed four states in Holy Land, intended to be
strongholds against future Muslim conquests
Second Crusade
• Muslims began retaking lands lost in First Crusade
• Took city of Edessa, capital of one Crusader state,
1144
• European leaders called for Second Crusade,
launched in 1147
• Second Crusade a failure, took no lands from
Muslims
Review for 2 min
1. Why did Europeans launch the crusades?
2. What was a side effect of the call to arms?
Reading of Saladin
Individual work
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Assignment 1
What happened during the
crusades?
Why did European Jews
become targets of some
Crusaders?
Why do you think Crusaders
eventually established 4
states in the Holy Land?
What do you think it would
be like to live in one of
those 4 states?
Assignment 2
• What were the results of
the Crusades?
• What were the economic
effects of the Crusades?
• If the Crusades had not
occurred, how might
relations among Jews,
Christians, and Muslims
have been different?