Download Chapter 3 Gastroenterology

Chapter 3
Gastroenterology
Chapter 3 Assignments
1.
Read Chapter 3, “The Body in Health and Disease” in the text “Medical Language: Immerse Yourself”. 2.
Complete ONLY the textbook exercises listed below by the due date for 5 points toward your grade.
(The other exercises do NOT need to be completed). Chapter exercises will be checked on the due dates on the class Schedule. Homework turned in after the due
date will receive 50% credit.
Textbook Exercises – Complete ONLY the following:
Labeling, p 101-102 Labeling Building Medical Words Combining Forms, p 103 Combining Form and Suffix, p 104 Prefix, p 105 Multiple Combining Forms and Suffix, p 105 Building Medical Words Combining Forms, p 137 Related Combining Forms, p 137 Dividing Medical Words, p 137 Combining Form and Suffix, p 138-9 Prefix, p 139 Multiple Combining Forms and Suffix, p 140 Abbreviations Matching, p 140
1. Pearson MyMedicalTerminologyLab Website Assignments
Each of these exercises must be completed to 90% or greater to get credit for the activities.
repeat online activities as many times as necessary in order to obtain 90%. You may
You are allowed to consult your textbook and medical dictionary for homework assignments.
Each chapter must be completed by the due date for full credit (5 points for required activities and 2
points for extra credit).
“Save and Exit” must be clicked before leaving each activity to be added to the Gradebook. View your grades
in the Gradebook on the MyMedicalTerminologyLab Course Home page. Required online activities at: MyMedicalTerminologyLab:
“Matching”
“Word Surgery”
See directions in Chapter 1 Assignments / Word List
“Spelling Challenge”
Optional (extra credit)
“Popping Words”
Chapter 3 Study Guide:
1.
2.
Review all previous word lists and study guides as we move ahead through the remaining course .
You may find questions on a test from a previous chapter. You will need to know all of these terms
from memory. The midterm and final exam are “closed book” exams.
Learn the combining forms, prefixes, suffixes and any additional medical terms from the Word List below.
Recognize, pronounce, build, and correctly spell medical terms related to the above system.
Chapter 3 Word List Combining Forms Combining Form abdomin/o‐ absorpt/o‐ aden/o‐ adhes/o‐ aliment/o‐ amyl/o‐ anastom/o‐ an/o‐ aphth/o‐ append/o‐ appendic/o‐ ascit/o‐ bili/o‐ bi/o‐ cancer/o‐ carcin/o‐ cec/o‐ celi/o‐ cellul/o‐ cheil/o‐ chez/o‐ chlor/o‐ cholangi/o‐ chol/e‐ cholecyst/o‐ choledoch/o‐ cirrh/o‐ col/o‐ colon/o‐ constip/o‐ contin/o‐ degluti/o‐ digest/o‐ diverticul/o‐ duoden/o‐ eme/o‐ emet/o‐ emulsific/o‐ enter/o‐ esophag/o‐ fec/a‐ fec/o‐ flatul/o‐ gastr/o‐ gloss/o‐ gustat/o‐ hemat/o‐ hemorrh/o‐ hemorrhoid/o‐ hepat/o‐ herni/o‐ hiat/o‐ hydr/o incarcer/o‐ incis/o‐ Medical Meaning abdomen absorb; take in gland to stick to food; nourishment carbohydrate; starch create an opening between two structures anus ulcer appendix; small structure hanging from a larger structure appendix ascites bile; gall life; living organisms; living tissue cancer cancer cecum abdomen cell lip to pass feces chloride bile duct bile; gall gallbladder common bile duct yellow colon colon compacted feces hold together swallowing break down food; digest diverticulum duodenum vomiting vomiting droplets of fat suspended in a liquid intestine esophagus feces; stool feces; stool flatus (gas) stomach tongue the sense of taste blood a flowing of blood hemorrhoid liver hernia gap; opening water; fluid to imprison to cut into Combining Form
intestin/o‐ ile/o‐ intestine/o‐ intussuscep/o‐ jaund/o‐ jejun/o‐ kin/o‐ lact/o‐ lapar/o‐ lingu/o‐ lith/o‐ lip/o‐ log/o‐ magnet/o‐ mandibul/o‐ mastic/o‐ nas/o‐ obstip/o‐ obstruct/o‐ omphal/o‐ operat/o‐ orex/o‐ or/o‐ ot/o‐ pancreat/o‐ pelv/o‐ pepsin/o‐ peps/o‐ pept/o‐ perfor/o‐ peritone/o‐ periton/o‐ phag/o‐ pharyng/o‐ polyp/o‐ proct/o‐ pyr/o‐ pylor/o‐ rect/o‐ regurgitat/o‐ resect/o‐ rotat/o‐ rub/o‐ saliv/o‐ scop/o‐ sial/o‐ sigmoid/o‐ son/o‐ spast/o‐ splen/o‐ stal/o‐ steat/o‐ stomat/o‐ tom/o‐ transplant/o‐ ulcerat/o‐ umbilic/o‐
Medical Meaning intestine ileum intestine to receive within yellow jejunum movement milk abdomen tongue stone lipid (fat) word; the study of magnet mandible (lower jaw) chewing nose severe constipation blocked by a barrier umbilicus; navel perform a procedure; surgery appetite mouth ear pancreas pelvis (hip bone; renal pelvis) pepsin digestion digestion to have an opening peritoneum peritoneum eating; swallowing pharynx (throat) polyp rectum fire; burning pylorus rectum flow backward to cut out; remove rotate red saliva examine with an instrument saliva; salivary gland sigmoid colon sound spasm spleen contraction fat mouth cut; slice; layer move something to another place ulcer umbilicus; navel infect/o‐ inguin/o‐ disease within groin ventr/o‐ verd/o‐ vir/o‐ front; abdomen green virus Medical Meaning pertaining to pertaining to pertaining to pertaining to enzyme composed of; pertaining to pertaining to a condition, composed of a process: being or having hernia procedure to puncture cell pertaining to surgical excision state of condition of the intestine that which produces pertaining to going a record or picture process of recording condition; state; thing state of; process of pertaining to state; quality resembling; source or origin a substance Suffix
‐ion ‐ist ‐itis ‐ive ‐ix ‐lith ‐megaly ‐oid ‐oma ‐opsy ‐ory ‐osis ‐ous ‐pathy ‐plasty ‐post ‐rrhaphy ‐rrhea ‐scope ‐scopy ‐sis ‐stomy ‐tion ‐tomy Medical Meaning action; condition one who specializes in inflammation of; infection of pertaining to a thing stone enlargement resembling tumor; mass process of viewing having the function of condition; abnormal condition; process pertaining to disease; suffering process of reshaping by surgery after; behind procedure of suturing flow; discharge instrument used to examine process of using an instrument to examine
process; condition; abnormal condition surgically created opening a process; being or having process of cutting or making an incision Medical Meaning without; not against reversal of; without complete; completely through painful; difficult; abnormal innermost; within above; more than normal not in; within, not Prefix
intra‐ mal‐ meso‐ par‐ peri‐ poly‐ retro‐ sub‐ trans‐
Medical Meaning within bad; inadequate middle beside around many; much behind; backward below; underneath; less than across; through Suffixes Suffix ‐ac ‐al ‐ar ‐ary ‐ase ‐ate ‐ated ‐ation ‐cele ‐centesis ‐cyte ‐eal ‐ectomy ‐ence ‐entery ‐gen ‐grade ‐gram ‐graphy ‐ia ‐iasis ‐ic ‐ice ‐id ‐in Prefixes Prefix an‐ anti‐ de‐ dia‐ dys‐ endo‐ hyper‐ im‐ in‐ Additional Medical Terms (know the highlighted terms) Term albumin anus benign bile bile duct bilirubin biliverdin cardia cecum Medical Meaning the major protein molecule in the blood, produced by the liver the external opening of the rectum, located between the buttocks non‐cancerous a yellow‐green, bitter‐tasting thick fluid produced by the liver, a combination of bile acids, mucus, fluid and 2 pigments ducts which transport bile from the liver to the duodenum, collectively known as the biliary tree the yellow pigment in bile the green pigment in bile small area where the esophagus enters the stomach a short sac‐like portion of the large intestine Crohn chyme colon delta diverticulum diverticula duodenum elimination emesis enema enzymes esophagus feces flatus fundus gallbladder gluten gravidarum haustra hernia ileum ileus intestine jejunum liver lumen omentum meconium melena mesentery mucosa nausea pancreas palate patent pedunculated peritoneum pharynx polyp pyloris rectum reflux rugae saliva serum sessile sigmoid stool sphincter stoma ulcer uvula varix, varices villi vomitus a type of inflammatory bowel disease partially digested food, saliva, and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine the longest part of the large intestine, traveling through all four quadrants of the abdomen the fourth letter of the greek alphabet (Δ, δ). weakness in the wall of the colon where the mucosa forms a pouch or tube. plural of diverticulum a 10‐inch C‐shaped segment beginning at the stomach and ending after the jejunum undigested materials and water are eliminated from the body in a solid waste form the expelling of food from the stomach through the mouth liquid instilled into the rectum and colon proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body a flexible, muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach (also stool) formed, solid waste composed of undigested material, bacteria, and water that is eliminated from the body gas produced by bacteria that inhabit the large intestine rounded, most superior part of the stomach a teardrop‐shaped, dark green sac posterior to the liver which concentrates and stores bile from the liver a mixture of insoluble plant proteins occurring in cereal grains, chiefly corn and wheat, used as an adhesive and as a flour substitute pregnancy pouches in the wall of the large intestine that expand to accommodate the bulk of undigested materials weakness in the muscle of the diaphragm or abdominal wall. The intestine bulges through the defect. a 12‐foot segment of the small intestine where absorption of nutrients is completed abnormal absence of peristalsis in the small and large intestines the lower part of the alimentary canal, extending from the pylorus to the anus the 8‐foot, second part of the small intestine which twists and turns in the abdominal cavity a large, dark, red‐brown organ located in the upper abdomen open channel inside a tubular structure such as the esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine an extension of the peritoneum which supports the stomach and hangs down as a fatty apron to cover and protect the small intestine a thick, sticky, green‐to‐black waste that is passed after birth dark, tar‐like feces that contains digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach a thick fan‐shaped extension of the peritoneum, which supports the jejunum and ileum mucous membrane that lines the gastrointestinal system and produces mucus an unpleasant, queasy feeling in the stomach that precedes the urge to vomit a yellow, lumpy gland posterior to the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum the hard bone and posterior soft tissues that form the roof of the mouth open having a thin stalk that supports an irregular, ball‐shaped top a double‐layer serous membrane , one lining the abdominopelvic cavity, the other surrounds each of the organs the passageway for food as well as inhaled and exhaled air small, fleshy benign or precancerous growth in mucosa one of four regions of the stomach a short, straight segment of colon that connects to the outside of the body a flowing back; regurgitation thick, deep folds of gastric mucosa that expand as the stomach fills with food a lubricant that moistens food as it is chewed and swallowed, also containing an enzyme that begins digestion the fluid portion of the blood (without the cells and clotting factors) a mound with a broad base the last portion of the colon which bends toward the midline and joins the rectum (also feces) a solid waste form of undigested materials and water a muscular ring an artificial permanent opening especially in the abdominal wall made in surgical procedures erosion of tissue fleshy hanging part of soft palate, plays a role in speech and during swallowing swollen, protruding vein(s) small, thin structures that project into an area, in the small intestine they increase the surface area to maximize absorption of food and nutrients through the intestinal wall into the blood. (also vomit) expelled food or chyme Abbreviations (know the highlighted abbreviations) Abbreviation ABD a.c. ALP ALT AST BE BM BRBPR BS CBD EGD ERCP GERD GI HAV HBV HCl HCV IBD IBS IVC LES Medical Meaning abdomen before meals (Latin, ante cibum) alkaline phosphatase alanine aminotransferase aspartate aminotransferase barium enema bowel movement bright red blood per rectum bowel sounds common bile duct esophagogastroduodenoscopy endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography gastroesophageal reflux disease gastrointestinal hepatitis A virus hepatitis B virus hydrochloric acid hepatitis C virus inflammatory bowel disease irritable bowel syndrome intravenous cholangiography lower esophageal sphincter Abbreviation LFTs LLQ LUQ N&V NG NPO (n.p.o.) OCG O&P p.c. PEG PEJ PO (p.o.) PTC PUD RLQ RUQ SGOT SGPT UGI Medical Meaning liver function tests left lower quadrant left upper quadrant nausea and vomiting nasogastric nothing by mouth (Latin, nil per os) oral cholecystography ova and parasites after meals (Latin, post cibum) percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy by mouth (Latin, per os) percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography peptic ulcer disease right lower quadrant right upper quadrant serum glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase (older name for AST) serum glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (older name for ALT) upper gastrointestinal (series) CHAPTER 3 Pronunciation Checklist Read each word and its pronunciation. Practice pronouncing each word. Pronunciation help can be found at: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/resources/pronunciations/index/a.html or http://dictionary.reference.com/ ❏ abdominopelvic cavity (ab‐DAWM‐ih‐noh‐PEL‐vik KAV‐ih‐tee) ❏ bile (BILE) ❏ absorption (ab‐SORP‐shun) ❏ biliary (BIL‐ee‐AIR‐ee) ❏ adenocarcinoma (AD‐eh‐noh‐KAR‐sih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ bilirubin (BIL‐ih‐ROO‐bin) ❏ adhesion (ad‐HEE‐zhun) ❏ biliverdin (BIL‐ih‐VER‐din) ❏ albumin (al‐BYOO‐min) ❏ biopsy (BY‐awp‐see) ❏ alimentary canal (AL‐ih‐MEN‐tair‐ee kah‐NAL) ❏ cancer (KAN‐ser) ❏ alkaline phosphatase (AL‐kah‐line FAWS‐fah‐tays) ❏ carcinoma (KAR‐sih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ amylase (AM‐il‐ace) ❏ cardia (KAR‐dee‐ah) ❏ anal (AA‐nal) ❏ cavity (KAV‐ih‐tee) ❏ anastomosis (ah‐NAS‐toh‐MOH‐sis) ❏ cecal (SEE‐kal) ❏ anorexia (AN‐oh‐REK‐see‐ah) ❏ cecum (SEE‐kum) ❏ anorexic (AN‐oh‐REK‐sik) ❏ celiac (SEE‐lee‐ak) ❏ antacid drug (ant‐AS‐id DRUHG) ❏ cheilitis (ky‐LY‐tis) ❏ antibiotic drug (AN‐tee‐by‐AWT‐ik DRUHG) (AN‐tih‐by‐AWT‐
❏ chemotherapy drug (KEE‐moh‐ THAIR‐ah‐pee DRUHG) ik) ❏ antidiarrheal drug (AN‐tee‐DY‐ah‐REE‐al DRUHG) ❏ antiemetic drug (AN‐tee‐eh‐MET‐ik DRUHG) ❏ anus (AA‐nus) ❏ aphthous ulcer (AF‐thus UL‐ser) ❏ appendectomy (AP‐pen‐DEK‐toh‐mee) ❏ appendiceal (AP‐pen‐DIS‐ee‐al) ❏ appendicitis (ah‐PEN‐dih‐SY‐tis) ❏ appendix (ah‐PEN‐diks) ❏ ascites (ah‐SY‐teez) ❏ ascitic (ah‐SIT‐ik) ❏ barium (BAIR‐ee‐um) ❏ benign (bee‐NINE) ❏ cholangiogram (koh‐LAN‐jee‐oh‐gram) ❏ cholangiography (koh‐LAN‐jee‐AWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ cholangiopancreatography (koh‐LAN‐jee‐oh‐PAN‐kree‐ah‐ TAWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ cholangitis (KOH‐lan‐JY‐tis) ❏ cholecystectomy (KOH‐lee‐sis‐TEK‐toh‐mee) ❏ cholecystitis (KOH‐lee‐sis‐TY‐tis) ❏ cholecystogram (KOH‐lee‐SIS‐toh‐gram) ❏ cholecystography (KOH‐lee‐sis‐TAWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ cholecystokinin (KOH‐lee‐SIS‐toh‐KY‐nin) ❏ choledocholithiasis (koh‐LED‐oh‐ koh‐lith‐EYE‐ah‐sis) ❏ choledocholithotomy (koh‐LED‐oh‐ koh‐lih‐THAW‐toh‐mee) ❏ cholelithiasis (KOH‐lee‐lih‐THY‐ah‐sis) ❏ chyme (KIME) ❏ feces (FEE‐seez) ❏ cirrhosis (sih‐ROH‐sis) ❏ flatulence (FLAT‐yoo‐lens) ❏ colic (KAWL‐ik) ❏ flatus (FLAY‐tus) ❏ colitis (koh‐LY‐tis) ❏ fundus (FUN‐dus) ❏ colon (KOH‐lon) ❏ gallbladder (GAWL‐blad‐er) ❏ colonic (koh‐LAWN‐ik) ❏ gastrectomy (gas‐TREK‐toh‐mee) ❏ colonoscope (koh‐LAWN‐oh‐skohp) ❏ gastric (GAS‐trik) ❏ colonoscopy (KOH‐lon‐AWS‐koh‐pee) ❏ gastrin (GAS‐trin) ❏ colorectal (KOH‐loh‐REK‐tal) ❏ gastritis (gas‐TRY‐tis) ❏ colostomy (koh‐LAWS‐toh‐mee) ❏ gastroenteritis (GAS‐troh‐EN‐ter‐EYE‐tis) ❏ constipation (CON‐stih‐PAY‐shun) ❏ gastroenterologist (GAS‐troh‐EN‐ter‐AWL‐oh‐jist) ❏ Crohn’s disease (KROHNZ dih‐ZEEZ) ❏ gastroenterology (GAS‐troh‐EN‐ter‐AWL‐oh‐jee) ❏ cystic duct (SIS‐tik DUKT) ❏ gastroesophageal (GAS‐troh‐ee‐SAWF‐ah‐JEE‐al) ❏ defecation (DEF‐eh‐KAY‐shun) ❏ gastrointestinal system (GAS‐troh‐in‐TES‐tih‐nal SIS‐tem) ❏ deglutition (DEE‐gloo‐TISH‐un) (DEG‐loo‐TISH‐un) ❏ gastroplasty (GAS‐troh‐PLAS‐tee) ❏ diarrhea (DY‐ah‐REE‐ah) ❏ gastroscope (GAS‐troh‐skohp) ❏ digestion (dy‐JES‐chun) (dih‐JES‐chun) ❏ gastroscopy (gas‐TRAWS‐koh‐pee) ❏ digestive system (dy‐JES‐tiv SIS‐tem) ❏ gastrostomy (gas‐TRAWS‐toh‐mee) ❏ diverticula (DY‐ver‐TIK‐yoo‐lah) ❏ gland (GLAND) ❏ diverticular (DY‐ver‐TIK‐yoo‐lar) ❏ glossal (GLAWS‐al) ❏ diverticulitis (DY‐ver‐TIK‐yoo‐LY‐tis) ❏ gluten (GLOO‐ten) ❏ diverticulosis (DY‐ver‐TIK‐yoo‐LOH‐sis) ❏ gluten enteropathy (GLOO‐ten EN‐ter‐AWP‐ah‐thee) ❏ diverticulum (DY‐ver‐TIK‐yoo‐lum) ❏ guaiac (GWY‐ak) ❏ donor (DOH‐nor) ❏ haustra (HAW‐strah) ❏ duct (DUKT) ❏ hematemesis (HEE‐mah‐TEM‐ah‐sis) ❏ duodenal (DOO‐oh‐DEE‐nal) (doo‐AWD‐ah‐nal) ❏ hematochezia (hee‐MAH‐toh‐KEE‐zee‐ah) ❏ duodenum (DOO‐oh‐DEE‐num) (doo‐AWD‐ah‐num) ❏ hemorrhoid (HEM‐oh‐royd) ❏ dysentery (DIS‐en‐TAIR‐ee) ❏ hemorrhoidectomy (HEM‐oh‐roy‐DEK‐toh‐mee) ❏ dyspepsia (dis‐PEP‐see‐ah) ❏ hepatic (heh‐PAT‐ik) ❏ dysphagia (dis‐FAY‐jee‐ah) ❏ hepatitis (HEP‐ah‐TY‐tis) ❏ elimination (ee‐LIM‐ih‐NAY‐shun) ❏ hepatocellular (HEP‐ah‐toh‐SEL‐yoo‐lar) ❏ emesis (EM‐eh‐sis) ❏ hepatocyte (HEP‐ah‐toh‐SITE) ❏ emulsification (ee‐MUL‐sih‐fih‐KAY‐shun) ❏ hepatoma (HEP‐ah‐TOH‐mah) ❏ endoscope (EN‐doh‐skohp) ❏ hepatomegaly (HEP‐ah‐toh‐MEG‐ah‐lee) ❏ endoscopic (EN‐doh‐SKAWP‐ik) ❏ hernia (HER‐nee‐ah) ❏ endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (EN‐doh‐
❏ herniorrhaphy (HER‐nee‐OR‐ah‐fee) SKAWP‐ik RET‐roh‐grayd koh‐LAN‐jee‐oh‐ PAN‐kree‐ah‐TAWG‐
rah‐fee) ❏ endoscopy (en‐DAWS‐koh‐pee) ❏ enema (EN‐eh‐mah) ❏ enteritis (EN‐ter‐EYE‐tis) ❏ enteropathy (EN‐ter‐AWP‐ah‐thee) ❏ enzyme (EN‐zime) ❏ esophageal (eh‐SAWF‐ah‐JEE‐al) ❏ esophagitis (ee‐SAWF‐ah‐JY‐tis) ❏ esophagogastroduodenoscopy (ee‐SAWF‐ah‐goh‐GAS‐troh‐
DOO‐oh‐ den‐AWS‐koh pee) ❏ esophagoscopy (ee‐SAWF‐ah‐GAWS‐koh‐pee) ❏ esophagus (eh‐SAWF‐ah‐gus) ❏ fecal (FEE‐kal) ❏ fecalith (FEE‐kah‐lith) ❏ hiatal hernia (hy‐AA‐tal HER‐nee‐ah) ❏ hydrochloric acid (HY‐droh‐KLOR‐ik AS‐id) ❏ hyperemesis gravidarum (HY‐per‐EM‐eh‐sis GRAV‐ih‐DAIR‐
um) ❏ hypochondriac (HY‐poh‐CON‐dree‐ak) ❏ hypogastric (HY‐poh‐GAS‐trik) ❏ ileal (IL‐ee‐al) ❏ ileostomy (IL‐ee‐AWS‐toh‐mee) ❏ ileum (IL‐ee‐um) ❏ ileus (IL‐ee‐us) ❏ imperforate anus (im‐PER‐for‐ate AA‐nus) ❏ incarcerated hernia (in‐KAR‐seh‐ray‐ted HER‐ nee‐ah) ❏ incisional hernia (in‐SIH‐shun‐al HER‐nee‐ah) ❏ incontinence (in‐CON‐tih‐nens) ❏ indigestion (IN‐dy‐JES‐chun) ❏ inguinal (ING‐gwih‐nal) ❏ percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PER‐kyoo‐TAY‐
❏ intestinal (in‐TES‐tih‐nal) nee‐us TRANS‐heh‐PAT‐ik KOH‐lan‐jee‐AWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ intestine (in‐TES‐tin) ❏ peristalsis (PAIR‐ih‐STAL‐sis) ❏ intravenous (IN‐trah‐VEE‐nus) ❏ peritoneal (PAIR‐ih‐toh‐NEE‐al) ❏ intussusception (IN‐tus‐suh‐SEP‐shun) ❏ peritoneum (PAIR‐ih‐toh‐NEE‐um) ❏ jaundice (JAWN‐dis) ❏ peritonitis (PAIR‐ih‐toh‐NY‐tis) ❏ jejunal (jeh‐JOO‐nal) ❏ pharyngeal (fah‐RIN‐jee‐al) ❏ jejunostomy (JEH‐joo‐NAWS‐toh‐mee) ❏ pharynx (FAIR‐ingks) ❏ jejunum (jeh‐JOO‐num) ❏ polyp (PAW‐lip) ❏ lactase (LAK‐tace) ❏ polypectomy (PAWL‐ih‐PEK‐toh‐mee) ❏ laparoscope (LAP‐ah‐roh‐skohp) ❏ polyphagia (PAWL‐ee‐FAY‐jee‐ah) ❏ laparoscopic (LAP‐ah‐roh‐SKAWP‐ik) ❏ polyposis (PAWL‐ee‐POH‐sis) ❏ laparoscopy (LAP‐ah‐RAWS‐koh‐pee) ❏ portal (POR‐tal) ❏ laparotomy (LAP‐ah‐RAW‐toh‐mee) ❏ postoperative (post‐AWP‐er‐ah‐tiv) ❏ laxative (LAK‐sah‐tiv) ❏ protease (PROH‐tee‐ace) ❏ lingual (LING‐gwal) ❏ pyloric (py‐LOR‐ik) ❏ lipase (LIP‐ace) ❏ pyloric sphincter (py‐LOR‐ik SFINGK‐ter) ❏ liver (LIV‐er) ❏ pylorus (py‐LOR‐us) ❏ liver transplantation (LIV‐er TRANS‐plan‐TAY‐shun) ❏ pyrosis (py‐ROH‐sis) ❏ lumen (LOO‐men) ❏ rectal (REK‐tal) ❏ malrotation (MAL‐roh‐TAY‐shun) ❏ rectum (REK‐tum) ❏ mastication (MAS‐tih‐KAY‐shun) ❏ rectocele (REK‐toh‐seel) ❏ meconium (meh‐KOH‐nee‐um) ❏ reflux (REE‐fluks) ❏ melena (meh‐LEE‐nah) ❏ regurgitation (ree‐GER‐jih‐TAY‐shun) ❏ mesenteric (MEZ‐en‐TAIR‐ik) ❏ resection (ree‐SEK‐shun) ❏ mesentery (MEZ‐en‐TAIR‐ee) ❏ retroperitoneal (REH‐troh‐PAIR‐ih‐toh‐NEE‐al) ❏ mucosa (myoo‐KOH‐sah) ❏ rugae (ROO‐gee) ❏ mucosal (myoo‐KOH‐sal) ❏ saliva (sah‐LY‐vah) ❏ mucous (MYOO‐kus) ❏ salivary (SAL‐ih‐VAIR‐ee) ❏ nasogastric (NAY‐zoh‐GAS‐trik) ❏ sessile (SES‐il) ❏ nausea (NAW‐see‐ah) (NAW‐zha) ❏ sialolith (sy‐AL‐oh‐lith) ❏ obstipation (AWB‐stih‐PAY‐shun) ❏ sialolithiasis (sy‐AL‐oh‐lih‐THY‐ah‐sis) ❏ obstructive (awb‐STRUK‐tiv) ❏ sigmoid colon (SIG‐moyd KOH‐lon) ❏ occult (oh‐KULT) ❏ sigmoidoscopy (SIG‐moy‐DAWS‐koh‐pee) ❏ omentum (oh‐MEN‐tum) ❏ sonogram (SAWN‐oh‐gram) ❏ omphalocele (OM‐fal‐oh‐seel) ❏ spasm (SPAZM) ❏ oncologist (ong‐KAWL‐oh‐jist) ❏ spastic (SPAS‐tik) ❏ oral (OR‐al) ❏ sphincter (SFINGK‐ter) ❏ ova and parasites (OH‐vah and PAIR‐ah‐sites) ❏ steatorrhea (stee‐AT‐oh‐REE‐ah) ❏ palate (PAL‐at) ❏ stoma (STOH‐mah) ❏ pancreas (PAN‐kree‐as) ❏ stomach (STUM‐uk) ❏ pancreatic (PAN‐kree‐AT‐ik) ❏ stomatitis (STOH‐mah‐TY‐tis) ❏ pancreatitis (PAN‐kree‐ah‐TY‐tis) ❏ stool (STOOL) ❏ parotid (pah‐RAWT‐id) ❏ strangulated hernia (STRANG‐gyoo‐lay‐ted HER‐nee‐ah) ❏ patent (PAY‐tent) ❏ sublingual (sub‐LING‐gwal) ❏ pedunculated (peh‐DUNG‐kyoo‐lay‐ted) ❏ submandibular (SUB‐man‐DIB‐yoo‐lar) ❏ pepsin (PEP‐sin) ❏ suppository (soo‐PAWZ‐ih‐TOR‐ee) ❏ pepsinogen (pep‐SIN‐oh‐jen) ❏ surgeon (SER‐jun) ❏ peptic (PEP‐tik) ❏ syndrome (SIN‐drohm) ❏ peptic ulcer (PEP‐tik UL‐ser) ❏ tomography (toh‐MAWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ peptidase (PEP‐tih‐dace) ❏ tract (TRAKT) ❏ transplantation (TRANS‐plan‐TAY‐shun) ❏ ulcer (UL‐ser) ❏ varix (VAR‐iks) ❏ ventral (VEN‐tral) ❏ villi (VIL‐eye) ❏ volvulus (VAWL‐vyoo‐lus) ❏ vomit (VAWM‐it) ❏ vomitus (VAWM‐ih‐tus) ❏ ulcerative (UL‐sir‐ah‐tiv) ❏ ultrasound (UL‐trah‐sound) ❏ umbilical (um‐BIL‐ih‐kal) ❏ umbilicus (um‐BIL‐ih‐kus) (um‐bih‐LIE‐kus) ❏ uvula (YOO‐vyoo‐lah) ❏ varices (VAIR‐ih‐seez)