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Download Evolution chapters 16-17 test review sheet 1. Biologists in Darwin`s
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Transcript
Evolution chapters 16-17 test review sheet 1. Biologists in Darwin’s time had already begun to understand that living things change over time. How did Darwin contribute to these ideas? Changes happened in organisms and collected evidence to support it. 2. What are adaptations? Allow the organism to survive in their environment 3. At the time of Charles Darwin what was understood about fossils? Preserved remains of ancient animals. 4. What did the work of Hutton Lyell suggest about the earth? The earth was millions of years old 5. Describe Lamarck’s evolutionary hypothesis. Body structures can change according to the action of the animal. 6. Describe artificial selection and give example that humans may have used. Choosing individuals to m ate to change offspring (example: dog breeding) 7. Organisms that live long enough, may become more adapted to their environment may be led to greater fitness how will this affect their offspring? They will have more offspring that also have better adaptations 8. Describe natural selection. Changes in the inherited characteristics of populations over time 9. What is the principle of common descent? Organisms that are closely related such as birds and reptiles share a number of inherited characteristics 10. List evidence and research of others that influenced Darwin. Age of the earth, fossils similar to living creatures 11. What is studied in biogeography? Where speciies and their ancestors live 12. Which structures are considered vestigial? Pelvis and femur 13. What do common ancestors suggest about similar modern species. Similar embryos in seemingly unrelated organisms 14. List types of molecular evidence that supports natural selection. Similar proteins, universal genetic code 15. What is a gene pool? Genes carried by all members of a particular population 16. What is the allele frequency of an allele that makes up one half of the populations allele? 50% 17. What does natural selection act on? phenotype 18. What is a mutation? Change in genetic material 19. What are the three sources of genetic variation? Sexual reproduction, lateral gene transfer, mutation 20. Give an example of a single gene trait. How many phenotypes will it produce? 2, sickle cell trait 21. The number of genes that control a trait will also produce a given number of _PHENOTYPE. 22. How would the frequency of phenotypes of a polygenic trait be illustrated? Bell curve 23. Identify each of these graphs and explain the events that could cause this to happen . Directional Stabilizing disruptive 24. When does genetic drift occur in a population? When it is small 25. What is the founder effect? A type of genetic drift that occurs after a small population inhabit a new habitat 26. What are conditions to maintain genetic equilibrium? No immigration or emigration large population, random mating, no mutations 27. What is geographic isolation? A population that becomes separated by a barrier like a river, or mountain 28. How does reproductive isolation result in a new species? There are no other organisms to mate with 29. Give a definition of species. They mate and produce offspring 30. Give an example of temporal isolation. Flowers that open at different times of the day 31. What is speciation? How do the Galápagos finches show this concept? The finches became different species 32. What do Hox genes control? Patterns of embryogical development