Download Unit 2 Earth Structures 1. The movement of tectonic plates is so slow

Unit 2 Earth Structures
1. The movement of tectonic plates is so slow and gradual that you cannot see or
feel them moving. As a result, scientists depend on the global positioning system
(GPS) to verify tectonic plate motion. Satellites can measure the small distances
that GPS ground stations move over time. In what units is the movement of
tectonic plates measured? S.C.7.E.6.2
A. meters/day
B. meters/week
C. centimeters/year
D. kilometers/month
2. The figure below shows three kinds of faults: normal faults, reverse faults,
and strike-slip faults.
What kind of movement occurs along a reverse fault? S.C.7.E.6.7
A. The hanging wall moves up.
C. The walls move from side to side.
B. The footwall moves up.
D. The hanging wall drops down.
3. Earth can be divided into layers based on chemical composition. The three
compositional layers of Earth are the core, the mantle, and the crust. Which of
these answers best describes the core? S.C.7.E.6.1
A. the innermost part of Earth below the mantle
B. the solid outer layer of Earth above the mantle
C. the hot, slow-flowing layer of material beneath the crust
D. the layer of Earth on which the tectonic plates move
4. Which of these phrases defines subsidence? S.C.7.E.6.2
A. Earth’s crust rising
B. Earth’s crust sinking
C. Earth’s crust shifting sideways
D. Earth’s crust moving in any direction
5. Rift zones form at the border between tectonic plates. What must happen
between tectonic plates to produce a rift zone? S.C.7.E.6.2
A. Two oceanic plates move toward each other.
B. Two continental plates move toward each other.
C. An oceanic plate collides with a continental plate.
D. An oceanic plate moves away from another oceanic plate.
6. This figure shows a cross section of the lithosphere where an earthquake is
taking place. Point A is the focus (origin) of the earthquake.
What do the circles (D) around the focus represent? S.C.7.E.6.2
A. the epicenter of the earthquake
B. rocks collapsing inward toward the focus
C. the fault on which the earthquake is taking place
D. waves of energy released by the earthquake traveling outward
7. As a glacier moves along the ground, it transports rocks. These rocks pass
over the ground and create scratches in the bedrock. Which statement correctly
describes these processes? S.C.7.E.6.2
A. The transport of rocks and scratching of the bedrock are both examples of
erosion.
B. The transport of rocks and scratching of the bedrock are both examples of
weathering.
C. The transport of rocks is an example of erosion, and the scratching of the
bedrock is an example of weathering.
D. The transport of rocks is an example of weathering, and the scratching of the
bedrock is an example of erosion.
8. Rainwater can break down rocks by dissolving minerals in the rocks. Acid
rain is rainwater that is more acidic than normal rainwater. Acid rain can also
dissolve the minerals in rocks faster than normal rainwater can. Which
statement about acid rain is true? S.C.7.E.6.2
A. Acid rain causes less erosion than normal rainwater does.
B. Acid rain causes more erosion than normal rainwater does.
C. Acid rain causes less weathering than normal rainwater does.
D. Acid rain causes more weathering than normal rainwater does.
9. Which compositional layer of Earth is the thinnest? S.C.7.E.6.1
A. the inner core B. the outer core C. the crust
D. the mantle
10. Earth has five layers based on physical properties: the inner core, the outer
core, the mesosphere, the asthenosphere, and the lithosphere. Which of these
layers do the tectonic plates move on top of? S.C.7.E.6.1
A. outer core
B. lithosphere
C. mesosphere
D. asthenosphere
11. The innermost physical layers of Earth are the inner core and outer core.
Which two metals are the inner and outer core mostly made of? S.C.7.E.6.1
A. lead & iron
B. iron & nickel C. lead & mercury
D. nickel & mercury
12. Earth’s physical layers correspond to Earth’s compositional layers. Which
part of the mantle is also part of the lithosphere? S.C.7.E.6.1
A. the fluid, hot part
B. the rigid upper part
C. the soft moving part
D. the lower stationary part
13. Scientists think the continents once formed a large, single landmass that
broke apart, and the continents slowly drifted to their present locations. What is
the name given to this hypothesis? S.C.7.E.6.2
A. continental rise
B. continental drift
C. continental shelf
D. continental slope
14. Florida is not close the edge of a tectonic plate. Therefore, which one of the
following features does not exist in or beneath Florida? S.C.7.E.6.2
A. crust
B. mantle
C. tectonic plate
D. tectonic plate boundary
15. The Red Sea formed as the African Plate moved apart from the Arabian
Plate. Which type of boundary was involved in the formation of the Red Sea?
S.C.7.E.6.2
A. transform boundary
B. divergent boundary
C. stationary boundary
D. convergent boundary
16. The Rocky Mountains formed when the Pacific plate collided with the North
American plate. Which of the following terms describes this process? S.C.7.E.6.7
A. ridge push
B. divergent boundary
C. transform boundary
D. convergent boundary
17. During the year 2003, a greater number of earthquakes took place than is
usually recorded per year. The map below shows the locations of some major
earthquakes of 2003. S.C.7.E.6.7
What is the most likely reason that there were no major earthquakes recorded
in the interior of the continent of Africa?
A. The plate boundary inside Africa is too small to form earthquakes.
B. The landmass of Africa is too great to be affected by earthquakes.
C. There are no faults in Africa.
D. The entire continent of Africa is located on a single continental tectonic plate.
18. Which of these answers best describes compression caused by tectonic plate
movement? S.C.7.E.6.2
A. stress that slides rocks past one another
B. stress that squeezes rocks
C. stress that stretches rocks
D. stress that pulls rocks apart
19. Which of the following can form as a result of tension caused by tectonic
plate movement? S.C.7.E.6.7
A. a syncline
B. an anticline
C. a folded mountain
D. a fault-block mountain
20. What is the primary way that folded mountains are formed? S.C.7.E.6.7
A. by tension
B. by shear stress
C. by compression
D. by volcanic activity
21. How are volcanic mountains formed? S.C.7.E.6.7
A. by tension
B. by the eruption of melted rock
C. by shear stress
D. by compression
22. Which of the following events can produce an earthquake? S.C.7.E.6.7
A. the force of tsunamis in the oceans
B. a sudden release of energy from the mantle
C. movement of tectonic plates along a fault
D. the violent shaking of sections of the lithosphere
23. Which type of stress causes deformation that leads to earthquakes at
converging plate boundaries? S.C.7.E.6.2
A. tension
B. stretching
C. shear stress
D. compression
24. Which of the following causes most of the human injuries during a major
earthquake? S.C.7.E.6.7
A. car accidents caused by the ground shaking
B. falling into large cracks that form in the ground
C. violent winds caused by the rapid movement of the ground
D. collapsing buildings and other structures caused by the ground shaking
25. This diagram shows the formation of fault-block mountains. The arrows
shows the direction of force. The curving line on the top of each figure depicts a
river.
What does the letter J represent? S.C.7.E.6.2
A. a river
B. a rock layer
C. the fault line
D. a human-made border
26. Why do most earthquakes take place at tectonic plate boundaries?
S.C.7.E.6.2
A. The rock in the interior of a tectonic plate is stronger, so it does not deform.
B. Earthquakes take place where energy is transferred to rock by the motion of
tectonic plates.
C. Earthquakes can only occur at places where magma can reach the surface
and transfer energy to rocks.
D. Earthquakes take place when one plate moves over another plate, which
happens only at plate boundaries.
27. Which volcanic feature forms a relatively small depression around a
volcano’s vent? S.C.7.E.6.7
A. crater
B. fissure
C. caldera
D. lava plateau
28. Molten material flows gently out of a fissure on Earth’s surface, then cools
and hardens. This process happens again and again over geologic time.
Eventually, what will form on the surface? S.C.7.E.6.7
A. plate boundary
B. deep depression
C. magma chamber
D. volcanic mountain
29. Which of these defines magma? S.C.7.E.6.7
A. Magma is lava that has cooled to form solid rock.
B. Magma is melted rock found in underground chambers.
C. Magma is molten rock that flows on Earth’s surface.
D. Magma is any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground.
30. A hot spot is a volcanically active area. A volcanic island can form over a hot
spot. Which would you expect to find beneath the hot spot? S.C.7.E.6.2
A. a convergent boundary
B. a divergent boundary
C. a mantle plume
D. a rift zone
31. During a class project, Felicia makes a poster to compare scientific laws and
scientific theories. Which of the following statements should Felicia include on
her poster to summarize the difference between scientific laws and scientific
theories? S.C.7.3.1
a. Scientific theories explain why something happens, and scientific laws
describe what happens.
b. Scientific theories require scientific evidence and scientific laws do not.
c. Scientific theories are based on observation, and scientific laws are based on
opinions.
d. Scientific laws are frequently modified, but scientific theories are rarely
changed as new information becomes available.
32. On a hot summer day, the water in an outdoor swimming pool feels much
warmer in the afternoon than in the morning. How do the particles in the water
change from the morning to the afternoon? S.C.7.P.11.1
A. They move slower.
C. They get farther apart.
B. They have less energy.
D. They have a fixed position.
33. A flashlight runs on a battery. If the light is left on, the battery runs out and
the flashlight stops working. Which statement best describes what has happened
to the battery’s energy? S.C.P.11.2
A. It has been destroyed.
B. It has changed to potential energy.
C. It has been stored as kinetic energy. D. It has changed to thermal energy and
light energy.
34. Which of these is a mechanical wave? S.C.7.P.10.3
A. light
C. sound
B. radio
D. electromagnetic
35. A jellyfish is floating in the ocean. What will happen to the jellyfish when a
wave passes through the water? S.C.7.P.10.3
A. It will be carried away with the wave.
B. It will not move, but the water around it will move.
C. It will be moved up to the surface of the water.
D. It will move up and down, but it will return to about the same place.
36. What is a wave? S.C.7.P.10.3
A. a disturbance that transfers energy
B. a disturbance that transfers matter
C. any type of energy that makes particles move
D. any type of matter that vibrates back and forth
37. What do radio waves transfer between a cell phone and a cell phone tower?
S.C.7.P.10.1
A. sound
C. the medium
B. energy D. air particles
Use PEQUITA to answer the
following questions on a
separate sheet of paper.
38. Scientists discovered fossils of a
dinosaur adapted for warm climates in
Antarctica. Based on this, what can you
conclude about the continents?
39. Create a drawing that represents
the physical and compositional layers of
the Earth and label each part.
40. Create a drawing that represents
the rock cycle and label each part.
41. How are Earths crust and mantle
involved in the formation of new rock?
42. Describe how Mt. Everest and the
Himalayan mountains were formed.