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Lesson Starter 1. What is the process called when heat travels through solids? 2. Describe what happens to the particles during this process 3. Which solids are the best at this process? 4. Do you THINK that heat can travel through other states of matter? Why? Learning Intention To understand how heat travels through liquids and gases Discuss Explain how radiators heat a room HINT- think of the particles Warm air particles out into the room Cold air particles in A radiator works by heating up the gases in the air around it. The gas particles vibrate and start to move further apart making them less dense. The less dense gas will now rise and the cooler gas will move in and take its place. Convection • Liquids and gases- poor conductors • Transfer energy by convection • Particle arrangement • Particles rise and fall • Can’t take place in solids- why? • Particles gain energy and spread out making them less densethey rise • Lose energy, cools and fall Convection currents in gases 1. Cut out the spiral and tie on a piece of thread. 2. Hang it above a Bunsen burner 3. Watch and describe what happens. Convection currents in gases Hot, less dense air rising catches the paper spiral and starts to turn it around. Convection experiment 1. Place about 300 mls of water into a beaker and place on a tripod stand. 2. Start to heat the water with a bunsen burner (blue flame). 3. Carefully drop the coloured crystal into the beaker so that it is seating at the bottom of the beaker. Watch what happens. Convection experiment The less dense liquid will now rise and the cooler liquid or will move in and take its place. As a result of these movements, a convection current will be set up in the substance. Convection currents in liquids Convection currents can be found when liquids are heated for cooking. Convection (copy) • When substances are heated, the particles vibrate more vigorously, and as a result, spread out more. • Because the particles are not so tightly packed anymore, the heated substance becomes slightly less dense and therefore lighter. • The less dense liquid or gas will now rise (taking the heat with them) and the cooler liquid or gas will move in and take its place. Textbook • Page 109 in starting science 1 (purple) • Read the information and answer the questions at the bottom of the page