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Topic: Science Common Assessment #1 Study Guide Energy and Heat Transfer • Energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object (ex. pitcher of lemonade and melting ice)= flow of heat • Why does the thermal energy transfer from the lemonade to the ice? • Difference in temperature • Heat flow, light waves, and moving objects transfer energy from one place to another Convection • Convection= process where energy is transferred through the atmosphere and hydrosphere by movement of matter • In gases (atmosphere) or water convection currents, cold air is more dense than warm air/water so it sink s • difference in water temperature in the ocean cause different density • Convection currents= movement of gases or liquids because of change in temperature and density Convection Warm air is less dense so it rises Cool air is more dense so it sinks Warm water is less dense so it rises Cool water is more dense so it sinks Radiation • Transfer of energy through space (x-rays, gamma rays, sunlight) • Happens between objects that are NOT touching each other • Energy is transferred as electromagnetic waves Earth’s Systems • Sun= major source of energy for Earth’s systems • Weather is caused by the interaction of air, water, and sun • Surface currents form from uneven heating of Earth’s surface and causes wind to blow • Sun causes water to change states= water cycle
