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Circulatory System Disorders Arteriosclerosis • Walls of arteries thicken and lose some elastic properties • Most common type is atherosclerosis • Atherosclerosis: plaque builds on in the inside of the walls • As it narrows, blood flow is decreased and blood pressure is increased How to treat arteriosclerosis Angioplasty is a surgical method • Surgeon inserts tube into clogged artery • A tiny balloon is inflated to force the artery open Coronary Bypass • Take a section of healthy artery or vein from another part of body • Used to create a new pathway for blood around the blockage Aneurysm • Bulge in an artery due to weakened area of arterial wall • Blood pressure causes it to grow larger over time • If it bursts, internal bleeding can lead to death Arrhythmia • Problem with speed or rhythm of heartbeat • Can lead to insufficient blood flow to brain or other organs • Can be treated with medicines or pacemaker • Pacemaker: device that emits electrical impulses to control the rate of heartbeat Stroke • Arteries supplying blood to brain are damaged, cutting off oxygen and nutrients • Ischemic stroke: clot in the blood vessel blocks the flow of blood to brain • Hemorrhagic stroke: blood vessel in the brain bursts and blood flows into surrounding brain tissue • Treatment: drugs (clot busters) and surgery