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UNIT 2 VOCABULARY
BIOLOGY
CHAPTER 6 – THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Elements
Compound
Metabolism
pH
Acid
Base
Isomer
monomer
9. Polymer
10. Carbohydrate
11. Lipid
12. Protein
13. Amino acid
14. Peptide bond
15. Enzyme
16. Nucleic acid
17. Nucleotide
ELEMENTS
Definition:
Substance that can’t
be broken down into
simpler chemical
substances
Word Part:
Examples:
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Non-examples:
Glucose, DNA,
Protein
COMPOUND
Definition:
Substance composed
of atoms of two or
more different
elements that are
chemically combined
Word Part:
com- = with, together
-pound = put, place
Examples:
Glucose, Ribose
Non-examples:
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
METABOLISM
Definition:
All of the chemical
reactions that occur
within an organism
Word Part:
meta = change
-ism = process
Examples:
Catabolism is necessary for the
generation of energy. This
process involves breaking down
the large complex molecules for
small and simple. The energy
generated by catabolism, is
stored in fat and called
glycogen.
Non-examples:
A food passing through the
body without being broken
down and
digested would be an
example of non metabolism.
No chemical process
would have occurred.
pH
Definition:
Measure of how
acidic or basic a
solution is
Word Part:
Examples:
Lemon juice – acid
Milk - basic
Non-examples:
Anything in a non
aqueous solution
ACID
Definition:
Any substance that
forms hydrogen ions
(H+) in water and has
a pH below 7
Word Part:
ac = bitter, sour
Examples:
Tea, Bleach, Lemon
Juice, and Detergent
Non-examples:
Antacid, Coke,
Baking Soda,
Ammonia
BASE
Definition:
Any substance that
forms hydroxide ions
(OH-) in water and
has a pH above 7
Word Part:
Examples:
Antacid, Coke,
Baking Soda,
Ammonia
Non-examples:
Tea, Bleach, Lemon
Juice, and Detergent
ISOMER
Definition:
Compounds with the
same simple formula but
different 3-D structures
resulting in different
physical and chemical
properties
Word Part:
iso- = equal, same
mer = part
Examples:
Glucose and
Fructose
Non-examples:
Glucose and Lactose
MONOMER
Definition:
A molecule that
chemically binds to
other molecules to
form a polymer
Word Part:
mono = one
mer = part
Examples:
Glucose, Ribose,
Fructose, Galactose
Non-examples:
Starch, Cellulose,
Polypeptides
POLYMER
Definition:
Large molecule
formed when many
smaller molecules
bond together
Word Part:
poly = many
mer = part
Examples:
Glycogen, Cellulose,
Starch, Triglyceride,
Proteins, Nucleic
Acids
Non-examples:
monosaccharides,
amino acids, fatty
acids, nucleotides
CARBOHYDRATE
Definition:
Organic compound
used by cells to store
and release energy
Word Part:
hydro = water,
hydrogen
Examples:
Glucose, Fructose,
Ribose, Glycogen
Anything that contains
C,H, O in a 2:1 ratio
Functions:
Short-term energy
storage
LIPID
Definition:
Large organic
compounds made
mostly of carbon and
hydrogen with small
amount of oxygen
Word Part:
lip = fat
Examples:
Fats, oils, waxes, and
steroids.
Function:
Used by cells for
energy storage,
insulation, protective
membranes
PROTEIN
Definition:
Large, complex
polymer essential to
all life composed of
C, H, O, N, S.
Word Part:
prot = first, original
Examples:
Enzymes, Insulin,
Hemoglobin
Functions:
Provides structure for
tissues and organs
and helps carry out
cell metabolism
AMINO ACID
Definition:
Basic building blocks
of protein molecules
Word Part:
Examples:
Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine,
Isoleucine, Phenylalaine, Tyrosine,
Tryptophan, Methionine,
Cysteine, Serine, Threonine,
Arginine, Lysine, Histidine, Proline,
Glutamate, Aspartate,
Glutamine, Asparagine
Non-examples:
Proteins, Enzymes
PEPTIDE BOND
Definition:
Covalent bond
formed between
amino acids
Word Part:
Examples:
Two or more amino
acids combining
Non-examples:
Combinations of
monosaccharides,
fatty acids, nucleic
acids
ENZYME
Definition:
Type of protein found
in all living things that
changes the rate of
chemical reactions
Word Part:
Examples:
Functions:
Lactase breaks down Speeds up chemical
lactose and glucose reaction by lowering
activation energy
NUCLEIC ACID
Definition:
Complex
biomolecules
Word Part:
Examples:
DNA
RNA
Functions:
Store cellular
information in cells in
the form of a code
NUCLEOTIDE
Definition:
Subunits of nucleic
acid formed from a
simple sugar, a
phosphate group, and
a nitrogenous base.
Word Part:
Examples:
Adenine, Guanine,
Thymine, Cytosine,
Uracil
Non-examples:
DNA and RNA