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Evolution
Moving toward a brighter
future?
Evolution
Answering some BIG questions.

How do species becomes
more diverse?

How do some species survive
environmental changes and
others do not?
Evolution
Answering some smaller questions.

What came first the chicken or
the egg?

Chicken ______

Egg
______
Evolution
A (R)Evolutionary Theory

Conceived by Charles Darwin after his
voyage on the Beagle to the Galapagos
Islands.
The Theory of Evolution

Concept Review: What is the
difference between a theory and a
law in science?
Evolution
A (R)Evolutionary Theory
Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of
Species presented a model for evolution
that changed the way the world viewed life
and the processes that formed it.
Evolution
BUT!!!!
Evolution
The concept of
evolution did not
begin with a boy
and his beagle but
with other scientists
who paved the way.
“If I have seen a little further
it is by standing on the
shoulders of Giants.“
Sir Isaac Newton
Evolution
Scientists who led the way
Rock Guys


James Hutton – Theorized that
the Earth was much older than
just a few thousand years.
Charles Lyells – Taught that the
way things worked in the
present is the key to
understanding the past. That
the same processes that shape
the world today; earthquakes,
volcanos, etc. also were
present in the past.
Life Guys

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck – Had his own
hypothesis on evolution. That through
selective use or disuse of organs,
organisms acquired or lost traits DURING
their lifetime and that these traits could
be passed to offspring, changing the
species.

Thomas Malthus – Published on
population growth, noting that more
babies were being born than people
were dying. He said that if this kept up
we would run out of food and living
space.
Evolution
What this meant to Darwin
Rock Guys


James Hutton – That the
world is very old and that
would give enough time for
Darwin’s hypothesis to
have taken place.
Charles Lyell – That the
earth has been going
through the same
processes so life should also
be going through the same
process now as it did
before.
Life Guys


Jean-Baptiste Lamarck That organisms change
over time and the concept
was out there already.
Thomas Malthus – That if
humans could grow until
they covered the whole
planet, plants and animals
that reproduce more than
us must have something
that limits their growth.
Evolution
What he saw by standing on
the shoulders of giants
That all life came from a common ancestor,
having evolved into different forms. That
since more organisms are born than can be
supported they must compete to survive.
This competition for resources is the key,
Darwin called it survival of the fittest or
Natural Selection
Evolution
Natural Selection
As populations grow they experience forces
that limit how much they can grow; food
supply, living space and predators to name
a few.
These forces are called limiting factors
Evolution
Natural Selection
If your supplies are limited and you want to
survive that means you need to compete
for the supplies.
Evolution
Natural Selection
However things aren’t always easy.
Evolution
Natural Selection
Darwin proposed that only the fittest
organism would live and reproduce, and
that includes within the same species.
This is why he called it survival of the fittest,
because only if you were the “best” would
your genetic code get passed down to the
new generation.
Evolution
Natural Selection
So what made you the fittest?
How do you get to be the fittest?
Evolution
Natural Selection
Adaptation – An inherited characteristic
that increases an organisms chance of
survival.
Evolution
Natural Selection
Over time natural selection results in
changes in a species characteristics, these
changes increase a species’ fitness in its
environment.
Note: Since each environment is different
no one species is fit for all environments
Evolution
Natural Selection
If you want to be able to change it helps to
have the tools that let you do so.
Evolution
Natural Selection
These tools are called Genetic Variance.
Genetic variance is when a species has a
pool of genes for characteristics that could
be more useful in certain situations.
Ex. Sickle Cell Anemia in humans
Evolution
Natural Selection
Changes take a lot of time
Similar species with many common traits
probably have a more recent common
ancestor than species that are not very
similar.
Evolution
Answering some smaller questions.

What came first the chicken or the
egg?
 Answer The EGG!
Following evolution all chicken and birds
descended from a common ancestor, we
know this because they all lay eggs. At
some point there was a creature that
was like a chicken but not a chicken
that creature laid an egg and from it
was born a creature that was different
enough from the parent to be called chicken !
Evolution
Natural Selection
Lab Simulation of Wolves vs. Bunnies
Work in pairs, one controls the simulation
while the other fills out the worksheet
Follow the instructions on the worksheet
I know it is fun but focus first!
Evolution
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Businessman Vs. Sumo Wrestler. (n.d.).
Stock Photos & Funny Pictures - Our Stock
Photos Include Images of Animals,
Business, Concepts, Lifestyles, humor,
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2013, from
http://www.johnlund.com/page.asp?ID=
7030
Charles Darwin: On The Origin of his
Surname at Bill Casselman's Words of the
World at www.billcasselman.com. (n.d.).
Bill Casselman's Words of the World &
Canadian Word of the Day:Their
Etymologies & General Word Lore at
www.billcasselman.com. Retrieved
March 9, 2013, from
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Charlie Brown And Snoopy Pictures and
Images. (n.d.). Pictures and Images.
Retrieved March 8, 2013, from http://freeextras.com/images/charlie_brown_and_s
noopy-5370.htm
Coding Horror: What's On Your Utility
Belt?. (n.d.). Coding Horror. Retrieved
March 10, 2013, from
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2010
/08/whats-on-your-utility-belt.html
Map of Galapagos Islands - Galapagos
Islands Map, Galapagos Islands
Information - Worldatlas.com. (n.d.).
World Atlas Atlas of the World including
Geography Facts, Maps, Flags worldatlas.com. Retrieved March 8, 2013,
from
http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/c
ountrys/samerica/galap.htm
Sources
Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. S.
(2006).Prentice Hall biology.
Upper Saddle River, N.J.:
Pearson Prentice Hall.
Standing on the shoulders of
giants. (n.d.). The meanings
and origins of sayings and
phrases. Retrieved March 9,
2013, from
http://www.phrases.org.uk/me
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