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Carbon Cycle
What is Carbon and carbon
dioxide?
 Carbon is the fourth most abundant element
in the universe and is needed for life.
 It is the backbone of life on earth
 we need carbon but
that need is also
entwined with one of the serious problem
facing us today.
Carbon dioxide
 a
colorless,
odorless,
and
slightly
acid
tasting
gas,
sometimes called carbonic acid
gas, the molecule of which
consists of one atom of carbon
joined to two atoms of oxygen
(CO2).
What is Carbon Cycle?
Carbon cycle
 The set of biochemical processes by which
carbon undergoes chemical reaction, changes
form, and moves through different reservoirs
on earth, including living organism.
 The geological component of the carbon
cycle is driven by plate tectonics and includes
processes like volcanic eruption and burial of
carbon rich sediments on the ocean floor.
The global carbon cycle is
divided into major reservoir
of common interconnected by
pathway of exchange.
1. The atmosphere
2. The terrestrial biosphere
3. The ocean including dissolved inorganic
carbon the living and non living marine
biota
4. Sediment including fossil fuel ,fresh water
system and non living organic material such
as soil carbon
Two Types of Carbon Cycle
 Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
 Aquatic Carbon Cycle
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
 Concerned with the movement of
carbon through terrestrial
ecosystems.
 Terrestrial plants use
atmospheric carbon dioxide from
the atmosphere to
generate oxygen that sustains
animal life.
Aquatic Carbon Cycle
 concerned with the movements of
carbon through marine
ecosystems.
 Aquatic plants also generate
oxygen but they use carbon
dioxide from water.
Importance of Carbon Cycle
 The carbon cycle is important because its
disruption is what causes global
warming at the atmosphere.
 Too much carbon dioxide accumulates in
the atmosphere and the carbon dioxide
trap heat inside the planet causing global
temperature to rise.
Causes
 The movement of carbon
molecules from the co2 pool
to the air and water to
plants and animals is at
various positions along the
food chain and respiration
return along the pool.
Carbon is also returned to
the pool through bacterial
and fungal agent that causes
decay, thus
converting the complex
carbon containing molecules
to their simple component.
one important factor:
 Human activities
change the atmosphere's composition.
Through burning fossil fuels, industrial
production and etc.
 These human activities increase the
amount of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere which keeps more heat in our
atmosphere , facilitating global warming.
Factor that leads to global
warming
1. Increasing Population Growth
2. Destruction of the forest
3. Burning of fossil fuel
4. Exhaust Fumes/ Smokes and other Gases
Mechanisms
Photosynthesis
 Chemical process by which plants containing
chlorophyll use sunlight to manufacture their
own food by converting carbon dioxide and
water to carbohydrates, releasing oxygen as a
by-product.
Plants Use Carbon Dioxide
 Plants
pull carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere and use it to make food Called
photosynthesis.
 The carbon becomes part of the plant (stored
food).
Respiration
 The process in which oxygen is used
to break down organic compounds
into carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and water
(H 2 O).
Animals Eat Plants
 When organisms eat plants, they take in the
carbon and some of it becomes part of their
own bodies.
Decomposition
 The breakdown of complex molecules is a
molecule of which dead organisms are
composed into simple nutrients that can be
reutilized by living organisms.
Plants and Animal Die
 When plants and animals die, most of their
bodies are decomposed and carbon atoms
are returned to the atmosphere.
 Some are not decomposed fully and end up in
deposits underground (oil, coal, etc.).
Combustion
 It is the sequence of exothermic chemical
reactions between a fuel and an oxidant
accompanied by the production of heat and
conversion of chemical species.
Weathering of rocks
 It is the breaking down of rocks, soil and
mineral as well as artificial material through
contact with the earth’s atmosphere, biota,
and water.
Two important classification
of weathering process:
 Physical or Mechanical Weathering
 Chemical Weathering
Carbon Slowly Returns to
Atmosphere
 Carbon in rocks and underground deposits
is released very slowly into the
atmosphere.
 This process takes many years.
 Cycle Repeats Over and Over and Over and
Over …
Effects
2 major effect of global
warming
1. Increase of temperature on the earth by
about 3° to 5° C (5.4° to 9° Fahrenheit) by
the year 2100.
2. Rise of sea levels by at least 25 meters (82
feet) by the year 2100.
climate change
 The effects of climate change can be seen
around the world. Temperatures, including
those coastal waters, have already risen.
Globally, extreme weather is predicted to
become more common and to have a
negative impact on humans, animals and
plants
Acid Rain
Impact
HUMAN
 Humans negatively impact the carbon cycle
by extracting fossil fuels from the ground and
unbalancing the cycle.
climate change
 Changes in the greenhouse effect , which
affects the amount of heat retained by
Earth’s atmosphere
 Variations in the sun’s energy ,reaching Earth
 Changes in the reflectivity of Earth’s
atmosphere and surface.
 Most places will continue to get warmer
especially at night and in winter
 Sea levels will continue to rise for many
centuries
 Weather patterns will keep changing
 Increased carbon dioxide levels will affect
biological systems independent of climate
change.
Mitigation
 To successfully manage carbon for climate
purposes it requires increased understanding
of carbon cycle dynamics and improvements
in the scientific capabilities available for
measurement as well as policy needs.
 Land management
 Energy Policy
Two methods used to
balance disrupted
carbon cycle
 Carbon sequestration
 Deep sea carbon storage
Carbon sequestration
3 types of technologies for
scrubbing
 Post-combustion capture
 Pre-combustion capture
 oxy-fuel combustion
Deep sea carbon storage
CONCLUSION
and
RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
 Human activities changes the natural land
surface.
 Humans causes global climate change
through fossil fuel combustion.
 Earth's systems are dynamic they continually
react to changing influences.
There are several compelling reasons to begin establishing
a global carbon cycle observing system:
 the well-known need for information on the
productivity and changes of terrestrial biosphere
to permit sustainable development and resource
management.
 the well-established need for improved
knowledge of the carbon cycle, its
variability, and its likely future evolution,
dictated by the desire to develop the most
effective national and global policies to
deal with climate variability, change,
impact and adaptation.
RECOMMENDATION
 Plant more trees to prevent global warming



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and other problems.
Reduce the use of chemical that can harm our
environment.
Promotion of family planning to reduce
population growth.
Promotion of the use of electric vehicle to
lessen the CO2 emission.
Provide funding for this project.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING
AND GOD BLESS 