Download life process

Chapter 1: Life
Processes
Mrs. Giles
4th Grade
Saraland Elementary
Lesson 1:Characteristics of Living Things
•
All living things are made of cells
and are able to carry out life
processes.
•
A life process is a function that a
living thing performs to stay alive
and produce more of its own kind.
•
Living things also reproduce, or
make more living things of their
own kind.
•
What is the difference between a
bronze duck and a live duck? A live
duck carries out life processes!!
Life Processes
Life Process
Takes in materials such
as nutrients and gases.
Plants
Animals
Take in carbon dioxide,
water, and minerals
Take in oxygen from the
air and nutrients from food.
Release energy from the
food they make
Release energy from the
food they eat
Grow and develop
Release energy
React to surroundings
Give off waste
Reproduce
Give off oxygen as a waste Give off carbon dioxide
product of making food.
and other waste.
Other processes gives off
water and carbon dioxide.
Objective: Describe organization of cells into
tissues, organs, and organ systems
What is a Cell?
•
A cell is the basic unit that makes up all living things. Cells carry
out life processes.
•
Cells are very tiny and can be seen with
a microscope.
All living things are made up of at least one cell
Complete the web with four
characteristics of cells.
All organisms -living thingsare made of
cells.
Cells
Cells do the
jobs that keep
organisms
alive.
Cells are the smallest
part of a living thing.
These cells are like
tiny building blocks.
Plant and Animal Cells
Two Types of Cells
Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Read/Look at pages A8-A9 in your textbook
• Compare
both cells.
How are their cells alike?
How are their cells different?
Plant Cell
•
A plant and animal cell both have a nucleus,
chromosomes, mitochondria, cell membrane,
vacuole and cytoplasm.
•
A PLANT CELL ONLY HAS…
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A cell wall- These walls help give the plants their
shape.
•
Chloroplast- is where the plant make food. It
contains a green material called chlorophyll.
A PLANT Cell
•
Plant cells have a few large vacuoles. An animal
cell has several small vacuoles.
•
The vacuole is a storage container for food,
nutrients, or waste.
Cell Structures that Both Cells Contain
•
Nucleus- the control center of the cell- “The POWER HOUSE”
•
Chromosomes- Tiny blueprints for the cell- DNA
•
Mitochondria- Power Sources of a cell, Break down and release
energy
•
Cell Membrane- acts like skin; located on the outside of an
animal cell; located on the inside of the cell wall of a plant cell.
•
Cytoplasm- jellylike substance that fills the cell; other parts of the
cell float in this.
nucleus
chloroplasts
cytoplasm
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cell membrane
cytoplasm
Nucleus
Compare and Contrast plant and animal cells.
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Compare and Contrast plant and animal cells.
Animal Cells
•Cell membrane
•Cytoplasm
•Vacuoles- many small
ones throughout the cell
•Nucleus
Plant Cells
•Cell wall
•Cell membrane
•Cytoplasm
•Vacuoles- One large
•Chloroplasts
•Nucleus
Organisms
How are living things organized?
Objective: Describe organization of cells into
tissues, organs, and organ systems
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
-
Cells work together to form tissues
Cardiac cells
Bone cells
Muscle tissue
epithelial tissue
Cardiac organ
Bone
Levels of Organization
• Tissue-
group of
similar cells working
together
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
• Tissues work together to form organs
Levels of Organization
•
An organ is a structure that contains at least two
different types of tissue functioning together for a
common purpose
•
Example: organ- the lungs
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
-
Organ systems work together to form
the whole organism
Skeletal system
Whole organism
Muscular
system
Circulatory
system
Simple Organisms
•
Simple organisms contain only one
cell.- Single Cell
•
Examples: bacteria, algae
•
Bacteria can be harmful. They can
make you sick!
•
Some bacteria are helpful. They break
down dead plant and animal material.
Some kill bad bacteria. Bacteria is used
to turn milk into cheese and yogurt!!!
E. Coli
Bacteria
Diatomssingle
celled
algae
that live
in water.
Algae- A Simple Organism
•
Algae and green plants give off oxygen as a
waste product of making food.
•
Algae produce much of the oxygen on Earth.
Complex Organism
•
A complex organism has many different kinds of
cells.
•
Jellies have more than one cell
•
They have simple bodies
•
They do not have distinct organs. They do not
have a heart or brain!!
Complex Organisms
•
Most of the organisms that you are familiar with have more than one cell.
•
You are a complex organism!!! 
•
You have many different cells in your body!!
Simple and Complex Organisms
Simple Organism
Complex Organism
•
Some made of a single cell
•
Many different kinds of cells
•
Some made of many similar cells
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Different kinds of tissue
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Do not have distinct organs
•
Have organ system
Review Questions:
1.
How are living things alike?
2.
Use the term tissue in a sentence about the bodies of animals.
3.
Compare and Contrast How are a person and a wax model of that person
alike? How are they different?