Download 7th grade Chapter 20 review

Chapter 20 Review
Mr. Klein
The Renaissance & Italy
Between 1350 and 1650 people had a renewed interest in learning
and the arts. This renewed interest and the changes it inspired is
known as the Renaissance.
Renaissance is French for “rebirth.”
People had a renewed interest in ancient Greeks and Romans and
many Europeans adopted some Greek and Roman ideas.
People became more secular and interests changed to the world
around them and the use of reason instead of religion.
Italy is the birthplace of the Renaissance.
Italian city states became very wealthy making it possible to hire
artists for their work in painting, sculpting, architecture, etc.
Italy
Italy’s population grew and became more urban which
led to the development of a different society.
Strong economies developed around trade and
banking.
Italy was a collection of powerful city states.
Italian city states used wealth to build fleets of ships,
hire mercenaries to fight in armies.
Italy’s central location in Europe helped make the citystates trade powers. Their trade with goods from the
east made them wealthy and powerful.
Florence & Venice
Florence was the first major center of the Renaissance. It’s wealth
and location attracting many artists.
Florence made its wealth from making wool cloth and banking.
The banking family, the Medici, were the wealthiest family in
Florence helped rule the city for many years.
Lorenzo de Medici governed Florence from 1469-1492 and used his
wealth to support artists. Came to be known as “the Magnificent.”
Venice was built on the coast and has canals and waterways as
streets.
Venice was an important shipbuilding center and trade link between
Europe and Asia.
Politics was complex and Italians developed diplomacy to deal with
their neighboring states.
Ideas
Europeans developed a new way of understanding the world called
humanism that was based on ancient Greek and Roman ideas.
Humanists want to gain knowledge through reason and gave
importance to the individual and human society.
One famous humanist is Petrarch who traveled around monasteries
to find ancient Roman manuscripts and wrote sonnets.
Humanists also made important contributions to literature and
writing in the vernacular. Dante Alighieri wrote “The Divine Comedy”
and Chaucer wrote “The Canterbury Tales”
A German printer named Johannes Gutenberg developed a printing
press using movable type. The printing press made books available
to many more people.
Ideas developed and spread more quickly then ever before.
Art
Artistic works of the Renaissance tried to show what people really
looked like.
Renaissance used new methods like use of perspective to show people
and objects as they appear from different distances.
Renaissance artists studied the human body and experimented with
the use of light, shade and color. Many painted frescoes.
Leonardo da Vinci was born in Florence. Was a great painter, scientist
and inventor. Famous works include the painting, Mona Lisa, and
fresco of The Last Supper.
Michelangelo began his career as a sculptor in Florence. Famous art
works include the sculpture of David and the paintings on the ceiling of
the Sistine chapel.
Raphael also worked at the Vatican and painted the fresco , the School
of Athens.”
Art from Non-Italians
The “Northern Renaissance” refers to the cultural changes that
took place in northern Europe.
Northern artists began painting in oils which provided richer colors
and allowed changes to be made on the canvas.
Flemish painter Jan van Eyck was skilled using oils. One of his
famous works is The Arnolfini Portrait.
Albrecht Durer was a German artist skilled in showing perspective
and fine detail best known for his engravings.
The people of England were fond of plays and the greatest English
playwright was William Shakespeare. Shakespeare wrote all kinds
of plays on all kinds of topics including the great tragedies Hamlet,
Romeo & Juliet and Macbeth.