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• 1300-1500 • Characterized by creativity, interest in learning, and a desired to explore the human experience • Renaissance (Ren) means “rebirth” • A rebirth of “poetry, rhetoric, painting, sculpture, architecture, music… • Italian City-States: birthplace of the Renaissance • Reasons: • Contact with the Arab world – Islamic Empires • New interest in the culture of Rome • Cities of Italy survived the Middle Ages – Florence, Milan, Venice, Genoa, etc • Wealthy and powerful merchant – – – – Trade and manufacturing Contributed to politics and economics Leadership Stressed education and individual achievements • Florence and the Medici’s – Symbolize Italian Renaissance – 1400s- Medici family organized successful banking business expanded – Controlled city government • Cosimo de Medici • Lorenzo “the Magnificent” What was the Renaissance? • Time of creativity and change in: • Political, social, economic and cultural • Worldview • Renewed interest in classical times (Greece, Rome) • Saw disorder and disunity of middle ages • Emphasis on individual achievement instead of group • Humanism – Focused on worldly subjects rather than on the religious issues that had occupied medieval thinkers – Pious Christians hoped to use Wisdoms of ancients to increase understanding of their own times – Return to classical education- Humanists • Francesco Petrarch – Wrote sonnets – Leading Renaissance writers • Golden Age – Painting, sculpture and architecture • Humanist concerns • Portrayed religious figures • Art – Jesus and Mary • Set figures against Greek or Roman backgrounds • Portraits of well known patrons – period in art history started in Italy in the late 13th century – represented a revival of the arts – complete change in how artists would depict the visible world around them. – spread throughout Western Europe – last until the late 1500’s. • Some notable aspects of this art movement were: • Oil paint was first used to replace egg tempera as the major art • • medium of the time. Ideas of Ancient Rome were adapted into many art works in Italy. More daily life activities were depicted in Dutch paintings. • A partial list of artists involved during this period includes: • • • • • • • • • Hieronymous Bosch Sandro Botticelli Leonardo Da Vinci Donatello Albrecht Durer El Greco Michelangelo Van Eyck Raphael