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Transcript
STUDY GUIDE SECTION 3-1 CARBON COMPOUNDS Name _____________________ Period __________ Date ____________ Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. _______The number of covalent bonds a carbon atom can form with other atoms is a. 1. b. 2 c. 4 d. 8 2. ______ A covalent bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons is called a a. single bond b. double bond c. triple bond d. quadruple bond 3. ______ The breakdown of a polymer involves a. hydrolysis c. the breaking of hydrogen bonds b. a condensation reaction d. the breaking of ionic bonds 4. ATP releases energy when a. it undergoes a condensation reaction. b. a hydroxyl group is added to it. c. a phosphate group is added to it. d. a phosphate group is removed from it. Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Explain how inorganic and organic compounds differ._______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2. How do carbon’s bonding properties contribute to the existence of a wide variety of biological molecules? _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3. Name four types of functional groups: A. ________________________________ B. ________________________________ C.______________________________ D. ______________________________ 4. How are monomers, polymers, and macromolecules related? _________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 1 5. Explain how a polymer is broken down. _________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 6. Arrange the following in order of size, from smallest to largest: polymer, monomer, carbon atom, macromolecule.________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 7. Explain how a water molecule is produced when glucose and fructose undergo a condensation reaction. ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 8. What are the products of the hydrolysis of ATP? What else is released during this reaction? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS 2 STUDY GUIDE SECTION 3-2 MOLECULES OF LIFE Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. ______Glycogen, starch and cellulose are a. monosaccharides b. disaccharides c. polysaccharides d. simple sugars 2. ______The different shapes and functions of different proteins are determined by a. the R groups of the amino acids they contain. b. the amino groups of the amino acids they contain. c. the carboxyl groups of the amino acids they contain. d. whether or not they contain any amino acids. 3. ______ Most enzymes a. are changed by the reactions they catalyze. b. increase that activation energy of the reactions they catalyze. c. strengthen the chemical bonds in their substrate. d. are sensitive to changes in temperature or pH. 4. The most important function of nucleic acids is a. catalyzing chemical; reactions. b. forming a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell. c. storing energy d. storing information related to heredity and protein synthesis. Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Compare the structure of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. _______ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. How are proteins constructed from amino acids? ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. In the space below, draw the amino acid Alanine. Label the hydrogen atom, the carboxyl group, the amino group, and the R group. 3 4. Explain how amino acids differ from one another. _______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Explain why lipids store more energy per gram than other molecules. ________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6. What are the functions of the two types of nucleic acids? __________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 7. What are the storage and quick-energy forms of carbohydrates found in animals, and how are these forms structurally related? __________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 8. How many different kinds of monomers are there in starch? __________ How many different kinds of monomers are there in proteins? _________ How many different kinds of monomers are there in DNA? (nucleic acids)__________ 9. What compound composes most of the cell membrane? _______________________ Describe the structure of this compound. ______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 10. Steroids are made of what type of molecule? ________________________ Provide two examples of steroids: ____________________________________________ STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS-Label each part of the figure in the spaces provided. The diagram below shows the interaction of an enzyme and its substrate during a chemical reaction. 4