Download Church History Mr. Schwarz The Crusades Crusade: Background

Church History
Mr. Schwarz
The Crusades
Crusade:
I.
Background
a.
b. Bellicose Society and Culture
c.
d. Immensely strong religious duties and bond to Christendom
e. Great Schism just happened in 1054
II.
Pope Urban II – Call to Crusade
Comments:
III.
Causes for Crusade
a. Protect the ____________________ churches
b. Regain the ___________________
c.
d. Counter Muslim threat
IV.
Why go on a Crusade?
a. Service to country and Religion
b.
c. Looking to increase wealth and/or status
d. __________________ (removal of all sin)
e. Chance for ________________ (straight to heaven if you die)
f. _________________ to the Holy Land
g. Duty
V.
First Crusade _____________
a. European ____________ answer the Pope’s call and lead armies to the Holy Land.
b. _______________ is captured, Christians now have control of the Holy Land!
c. Divided into 4 new fiefs:
•
•
•
•
d. _______________!!! ___________________!
VI.
Outremer States
a. Difficult to control
b. Many Christians went back to Europe
c. Military Orders created to help.
d. Mixing of Muslim and Christian culture.
VII.
Second Crusade ___________
a. City of __________ is attacked by Muslims – Christians respond.
b. King Louis VII (France) & Emperor Conrad II (Holy Roman Empire/Germany) lead the
2nd Crusade. NOTE led by Kings not Nobles!
c. Set out to capture ___________ in order to defend Jerusalem.
d. ____________ – Thought to be due to the ______________________ of Christendom
VIII.
Third Crusade ____________
a. _________- Great Muslim leader who has united his people and preaches jihad against
the Christians.
b. Defeats _____________ in 1187
c. Christians respond with the 3rd Crusade!
d. ______________________ (England), Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (Germany), King
Philip (France).
e. _______________?!... Sort of: Richard the Lionhearted and Saladin make a Truce.
Christians are granted safe and tax free passage to the Holy Land.
IX.
Fourth Crusade ___________
a. Christians sack ______________!
WHY?!
b. Crusaders indebted to Venetian traders
c. Political reasons
d. Misguided emotions and anger.
….Did not help the East and West conflict…
X.
Unofficial Crusades
a. ___________ Crusade – Peter the Hermit encouraged the regular people of Europe to go
on Crusade and free the Holy Land  most were killed
b. ____________ Crusade – 1000s of children were encouraged by their parents to walk to
Jerusalem and free it  most starved to death as they walked towards the ocean, others
were sold into slavery
XI.
Effects of the Crusades
Positive
1.
2. Strengthened the influence of the Papacy and the Church
3.
4.
5. Eastern products: paper, silk, spices; Developed international trade and travel
6. Recovery of ___________________
7. Arabic numerals (ex. 1,2,3) West no longer uses Roman Numerals (ex. I, II, III, )
8.
Negative
1. The abuses of some of the Crusaders gave the Church a bad name
2. The attack upon fellow Christians in Constantinople made bad feelings between East and West
worse (4th Crusade)
3. The unsuccessful Crusades made some Christians bitter
4. The Crusades were not permanently successful