* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Roman Republic
Military of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Executive magistrates of the Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
Leges regiae wikipedia , lookup
Berber kings of Roman-era Tunisia wikipedia , lookup
Conflict of the Orders wikipedia , lookup
Roman economy wikipedia , lookup
Promagistrate wikipedia , lookup
Travel in Classical antiquity wikipedia , lookup
Roman army of the late Republic wikipedia , lookup
Roman historiography wikipedia , lookup
Elections in the Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
Education in ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Food and dining in the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Sulla wikipedia , lookup
Roman Kingdom wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
Culture of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Rome (TV series) wikipedia , lookup
Roman agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Cursus honorum wikipedia , lookup
History of the Roman Constitution wikipedia , lookup
The Roman Republic Rome’s Government Main Idea – Rome’s republic was shaped by a struggle between wealthy landowners and regular citizen as it gradually expanded the right to vote Early Romans were divided into two classes – Patricians – wealthy land owners, the ruling class (nobility) – Plebeians (“plebs”) – everyone else: farmers, well-to-do merchants, artisans, soldiers etc. Most free Romans were “plebs” – Slaves – made up the largest class, up to 1/3 of population Structure of the Republic -Patricians= landholding upper class -Plebeians= farmers, merchants, artisans, traders -Senate= governing body Patricians -Consuls= two patricians, had power of veto over one another (veto = “I forbid”) -Praetor – Interpreted laws and acted as judges -Dictator= assigned to be in charge in the event of a war for six months Plebeians Patricians vs. Plebeians - Plebeians have no say in the government - Go on strike in 494 BC. - Eventually get their own body of representative call the Council of Plebs and elect their own officials called tribunes - Plebeians fight to have more power and a role in each part of the government - Get the right to marry patricians, the right to veto laws and the power to pass laws for all Romans Dictator – Today – an oppressive ruler that has complete authority – Ancient Rome – a person who served the people and ruled temporarily during times of emergencies Who was Cincinnatus? – In 460 BC, Rome was surrounded by a powerful enemy army. – Cincinnatus was working on his farm when a officials from Rome came and asked him to take power and protect Rome. – He did and a mere 15 or 16 days later, he saved Rome and returned power back to the Senate – The city in Ohio is named after him. "With one hand he returns the fasces, symbol of power as appointed dictator of Rome. His other hand holds the plow, as he resumes the life of a citizen and farmer." — A statue of Cincinnatus in Cincinnati, Ohio. Roman Law One of the chief gifts Rome gave to the world Twelve Tables – Rome’s first code of laws – were carved on a bronze tablets and placed in Rome’s central market, the Forum. – Became the basis for all future Roman laws – Said that all free citizens were to be treated equally before the law – Applied only applied to Roman citizen Examples: A person who admits to owing money or has been adjudged to owe money must be given 30 days to pay. Burials must take place outside the city walls A son sold three times into slavery by his father is to become free Rome needed a code to help solve disputes between citizens and noncitizens Law of Nations – Stated principles and addressed issues dealing with non-citizens and conquered people ***“Rule of Law” – states that laws should apply to everyone equally – One of the key ideas that Rome gave the world Mosaic representing both the judicial and legislative aspects of law. Woman on throne holds sword to chastise the guilty and palm branch to reward the meritorious. Rome Expands Main Idea: Rome slowly destroyed the Carthaginian Empire and took control of the entire Mediterranean region Carthage – a state on the north coast of Africa, was a powerful enemy of Rome. Was founded by the Phoenicians First Punic War Punic – comes from the Latin word Punicus (or Poenicus), meaning Phoenician Rome & Carthage were fighting over Sicily Leader of the Carthaginian army was General Hamilcar – Carthage was DEFEATED once he was killed in battle. Sicily became the 1st Roman territory outside of the Italian peninsula Second Punic War Carthage wanted to expand their empire into Spain (which Rome controlled), so Rome declared war Leader of the Carthaginian army this time was Hannibal – he invaded Italy by crossing the Alps and crushed the Romans for years. He terrified the Romans by using elephants in battle Finally, Scipio Africanus attacked Carthage and with a little help, Scipio eventually won at the Battle of Zama (202 BC). Third Punic “War” No so much a war, but a massacre Rome won again Sold all surviving Carthaginians into slavery and then leveled Carthage City – Roman soldiers supposedly salted the earth around Carthage so nothing would grow again. More Conquest Rome continued to expand, taking over Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Turkey Romans begin to call the Mediterranean Sea mare nostrum – “our sea”