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Name________________________ Date__________________ Block____________ Have Your DNA and Eat It Too! Introduction: When isolated from a cell and stretched out, DNA looks like a twisted ladder. This shape is called a double helix. The sides of the DNA ladder are called the backbone and the steps (also called rungs) of the ladder are pairs of small chemicals called bases. There are four types of chemical bases in DNA: Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T). They form pairs in very specifi c ways: Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G). Goal: Your task is to use the following materials and procedure to construct an edible model of DNA. When you are finished, use paperclips and tape to label one of each of the chemical bases. Materials: 2 pieces of licorice 12 toothpicks 9 pink marshmallows 9 yellow gummy bears 9 green gummy bears 9 orange gummy bears 5 paperclips Masking Tape or post it Procedures: Step 1: Color code the nitrogenous bases. Match one nitrogenous base to one color gummy bear. Adenine = __________________________ Guanine = __________________________ Cytosine = __________________________ Thymine = __________________________ Step 2: Choose one of the sequences below to start your construction: Sequence 1: T A C G T A T G A A A C or Sequence 2: T G G T T T A G A A T T Step 3: Assemble one side of your DNA molecule. A piece of licorice will form the sugar phosphate backbone and gummy bears will be the nitrogenous bases. Place a gummy bear on the end of a toothpick so that the point of the toothpick goes all the way through. Anchor the toothpick into the licorice backbone. The gummy bear should correspond with the sequence you chose above. Name________________________ Date__________________ Block____________ Step 4: Repeat step 3 with another toothpick and gummy bear until you have a created a half ladder. Step 5: Label the backbone. With a marker or pen and a strip of post-it, label your licorice backbone “DNA- 1” or “DNA-2” depending on which sequence you used. Wrap the label onto the left end of the licorice. Step 6: Create the second strand. Match up the nitrogenous base pairs. Slide the corresponding gummy bear on to the toothpick. Continue until all of the tooth picks on your half ladder have to gummies. Remember that A always pairs with T and C always pairs with G! Step 7: Complete your DNA model. Attach the other backbone so your model looks like a ladder. Step 8: Twist your DNA model. Carefully twist your DNA molecule so that it looks like a double helix. Step 9: finish labeling your model. Make flags to label the parts of your DNA out of paper clips and Post-its. Label one of each of the following: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Backbone. Make sure your chemical base pairs are correct! Step 10: Show your teacher for credit! Answer the Questions below about DNA and RNA 1. Write out the full name for DNA. __________________________________________________________ 2. Where in the cell are chromosomes located? __________________________________________________________ 3. What is the shape of DNA? __________________________________________________________ 4. What are the rails (sides) of the DNA ladder made of? __________________________________________________________ 8. What are the "steps" (middle) of the DNA ladder made of? ___________________________________________________________ Name________________________ Date__________________ Block____________ 9. What is the name of the sugar found in DNA? ___________________________________________________________ 10. How do the bases bond together? ‘A’ bonds with _____ ‘G’ bonds with _______ 11. DNA is made of repeating units of building blocks called ___________________________________________________________ 12. Write out the full name for RNA. ___________________________________________________________ 13. What is the purpose of RNA? ___________________________________________________________ 14. What main organelle is associated with RNA? ___________________________________________________________ 15. What is the shape of RNA? ___________________________________________________________ 16. What are the sides, or “rails”, of RNA made of? ___________________________________________________________ 17. What is the middle, or "steps" of RNA made of? ___________________________________________________________ 18. What is the name of the sugar found in RNA? ____________________________________________________________ 19. How do the bases bond together? ‘A’ bonds with _____ ‘G’ bonds with _______ 20. RNA is made of repeating units of building blocks called ____________________________________________________________