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Transcript
The Golden Age of Pericles • 460-429 B.C. (Between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars) • After the Persian Wars, Athens experienced a time of prosperity and power • This period of time saw the flourish of Greek culture, including many contributions that are still prevalent to this day in the Western World • Expansion of Democracy • Most adult males could vote • Threat of banishment for not participating • Athens and the Parthenon rebuilt after being destroyed during the Persian Wars Pericles The Golden Age was led by a man named, Pericles, a wise and able statesman who led Athens through this time •He was honest and fair •Skillful politician and inspiring speaker •Had popular support for 32 years • Three Goals for Greece During the Golden Age 1.) Strengthen Democracy 2.) Strengthen the Empire 3.) Glorify Athens 1.) Strengthen Democracy • Introduction of Direct Democracy – a form of government where the citizens rule directly and not through representatives • Pericles extended Democracy so that most adult males had an equal voice in the government 2.) Strengthen the Empire •Strengthened the Athenian navy – became the most powerful in the Mediterranean •Athens’ strong navy ensured the safety of its empire 3.) Glorify Athens • Pericles rebuilt Athens after the destruction of the Persian Wars • Built the Parthenon using marble, gold and ivory Greek Achievements – History • Herodotus – Greek historian who is known as the “father of history” • He wrote histories which were about the conflict between Persia and Greece • Thucydides – Greek historian who wrote “The History of the Peloponnesian War,” the conflict between Athens and Sparta for control of Greece Greek Achievements – Literature •Homer – famous, blind story teller of Greece • His works were composed into two major epics known as the “Iliad” and the “Odyssey” Achievements - Drama •Greeks invented drama and built the first theaters in the west •Greeks wrote two kinds of plays: • Tragedy – a serious drama about themes like love, hate, war or betrayal, written mainly by Aeschylus and Sophocles •Comedy – dramas filled with humor and poked fun at customs or respected people, written mainly by Aristophanes Achievements - Art • Sculptors tried to create graceful, strong and perfectly formed art • Tried to capture movement and sculpted bodies in what they thought was perfect physical form • Phidias – known as the greatest Greek sculptor • He designed the Parthenon (the temple of the Goddess Athena) • Sculpted the huge Statue of Zeus at Olympus Achievements – Architecture • Greek architecture is known for the different types of columns • Doric – very plain and simple; has no base • Ionic – capitol (or top) has scrolls; base is decorative • Corinthian – most decorative capitol; base is decorative Achievements – Mathematics and Science – famous ancient Greek mathematician who discovered the principles of density and buoyancy • Euclid – famous ancient Greek mathematician, who is known as the father of Geometry • Pythagoras – famous ancient Greek mathematician, who is known as the father of numbers, as well as the development of the Pythagorean Theory • Archimedes – physician known as the father of medicine and one of the greatest physicians of his time; oath doctors must take is named after him • Hippocrates Achievements – Philosophy • Greek Philosophers are known for their development and contributions to the proverb “know thyself” every aspect about yourself – your strengths, your weaknesses, your potential, your shortcomings, etc. • Know • The following philosophers are known as the founders of Western Philosophy: • Socrates • Credited with the creation of the Socratic Method – a form of questioning and discussion between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking • Plato • A student of Socrates who recorded Socrates’ words, as well as wrote The Republic, the first book on Political Science • Aristotle • A student of Plato who wrote, Poetics, Rhetoric, and Politics • Teacher of Alexander the Great