Download Pyropheophytin a accompanies pheophytin a in darkened light

ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR
NATURFORSCHUNG
1
SECTION C
BIOSCIENCES
Council
Editorial Board
E . BÜNNING, Tübingen
A. BUTENANDT, München
M. E I G E N , Göttingen
W. GENTNER, Heidelberg
A. H A G E R , Tübingen
W. HASSELBACH, Heidelberg
P . K A E L S O N , Marburg
F . KAUDEWITZ, München
E , W E C K E R , Würzburg
Advisory Editorial Board
P . BÖGER, Konstanz
H . SCHIMASSEK, Heidelberg
D . B Ü C K M A N N , Ulm
D . SCHTTLTE-FROHLINDE, Mülheim/R.
K . G . GÖTZ, Tübingen
F . F . SEELIG, Tübingen
G.
H.
R.
G.
M.
J . SEELIG, Basel
H . SIMON, München
W. STEGLICH, Bonn
A. TREBST, Bochum
GOTTSCHALK, Göttingen
HOFFMANN-BERLING, Heidelberg
JAENICKE, Regensburg
F . M E Y E R , Tübingen
RAJEWSKY, Essen
E D I T E D IN COLLABORATION
WITH T H E INSTITUTES OF T H E MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT
V O L U M E 36c
N U M B E R 7/8
J U L Y / A U G U S T 1981
VERLAG DER ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR NATURFORSCHUNG
TÜBINGEN
Nachdruck — auch auszugsweise — nur mit schriftlicher Genehmigung des Verlages gestattet
Verantwortlich für den Inhalt: A . K L E M M
Satz und Druck: Konrad Triltsch, W ü r z b u r g
Volume 36c
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung
1981
Subject Index
Original Communications and Notes
Absorption
Pressure, Temperature and pH Dependence of
the Absorption Spectrum of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
84
Chromophore Content and Molar Absorptivity
of Phytochrome in the P Form
431
Acacetin
The Para-O-Methylation of Apigenin to Acacetin by Cell-Free Extracts of R o b i n i a pseudoacacia L
916
Accessory Sex Gland
On the Specificity of Juvenile Hormone Biosynthesis in the Male Cecropia Moth
579
3-Acetyl-3-devinylchlorophyllide a
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis: Various Chlorophyllides as Exogenous Substrates for Chlorophyll
Synthetase
51
Acety lcholi neste rase
Molecular Forms of Purified Cytoplasmatic and
Membrane Bound Bovine-Brain-Acetylcholinesterase Solubilized by Different Methods . . . 968
8-O - Ace ty lmioporosid
Iridoids in Clerodendrum
thomsonae
Balf. f., Verbenaceae .
708
Acridone Alkaloid
Rutacridone-epoxide, a New Acridone Alkaloid
from Ruta graveolens
200
Actin
Cytochalasin B-Induced ATPase Activity of Actin: Dependence on Monomer Concentration . 1050
Actin Polymerization
Cytochalasin B-Induced ATPase Activity of Actin: Dependence on Monomer concentration
. 1050
Activation Volume
The Pressure Dependence of the Rotation of the
N-Aralkylpyridinium Moiety in a Synthetic
NAD+ Model System Studied by High Pressure
HRNMR
366
Active Particles
Which Polypeptides Are Characteristic for
Photosystem il? Analysis of Active Photosystem II Particles from the Blue-Green Alga
Anacystis
nidulans
295
Acyl-CoA
Lipid Labelling in Intact Chloroplasts from Exogenous Nucleotide Precursors
62
Co -Acylamino Acid, Amido Hydrolase
Studies on the Z n / C o Exchange with Acylamino Acid Amidohydrolase from Pig Kidney . 951
Adenosine 3'-phosphate
I n Vitro Biosynthesis of the Plant Sulpholipid:
On the Origin of the Sulphonate Group . . . .
820
Adenostoma
fasciculatum
Analysis of Phenolic Acids by High Performance
Liquid Chromatography Using a Step-Wise
Gradient
357
Adenylylation
Regulatory Properties of Glutamine Synthetase
from the Nitroeen-Fixing Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodopseuäomonaspalustris
784
r
2+
2+
2+
Adenylylation/Deadenylylation
I n v i v o Control of Glutamine Synthetase in the
Facultative Phototrophic Bacterium
Rhodopseudomonas
sphaeroiaes
Agaricus
Cadmium as a Growth Factor for the Mushroom
A g a r i c u s abruptibulbus
(Peck) Kauffmann . . .
Agmatine Ureo: Hydrolase
Location of Several Enzymes of L-Arginine Catabolism in E v e r n i a p r u n a s t r i Thallus (N) . . .
Ajuga
Iridoids in Some Teucrium and A j u g a Species .
Alanine: Aldehyde Aminotransferase
Properties and Subcellular Localization of L-Alanine: Aldehyde Aminotransferase: Concept of
an Ubiquitous Plant Enzyme Involved in Secondary Metabolism
Algae
Comparative Binding of Photosystem II - Herbicides to Isolated Thylakoid Membranes and Intact Green Algae
Alkylating N AD-Analogs
Half-of-the-Sites Reactivity of Glyceraldehyde3-phosphate Dehydrogenase from Rabbit Muscle with Structural Analogs of NAD
Allosteric Interaction
Direct Allosteric Interaction of Oxygen and Bicarbonate: N-Acetyl-alany 1-seryl-phenylalanine,
N-Terminal Sequence of the ß-Chains of the
Haemoglobins of Nil Crocodile
(Crocodylus
niloticus)
and Mississippi Crocodile
{Alligator
mississippiensis)
(N)
A Iternaria
cineraria
a^-Dehydrocurvularin and Curvularin from A l ternaria cinerariae (N)
Amine-Biosynthesis
Properties and Subcellular Localization of L-Alanine: Aldehyde Aminotransferase: Concept of
an Ubiquitous Plant Enzyme Involved in Secondary Metabolism
Amino Acid Analysis
Chemical Analysis and Structure of Poliovirus.
I. Cysteine/Cystine Content, Complete Amino
Acid Analysis and Hydrophobicity of Poliovirus
and Its Naturally Occurring Empty Capsids . .
Amino Acid Transformation
Radiation Damage to Polypeptides and Proteins
in the Solid State, IL Radiolysis of Poly-L-GlutamicAcid(N)
5-Aminolevulinate Dehydratase
An Evolutionary Tree Based on Monoclonal
Antibody-Recognized Surface Features of a
Plastid Enzyme (5-Aminolevulinate Dehydratase)
Aminomethylphosphonic Acids
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Aminomethylphosphonic Acids Related to the Herbicide Glyphosate
Ammonium Assimilation
Molecular Characterization of Glutamine Syn-
407
765
692
697
625
1041
545
902
1081
625
164
1091
44
242
1098
Subject Index
thetase from the Nitrogen-Fixing Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodopseuäomonas p a l u s t r i s . . 246
c-AMP
Gaschromatographic, Mass- and Infrared-Spectrometric Identification of Cyclic Adenosme3': 5-monophosphate (c-AMP) in Maize Seedlings (Zea mays)
193
Amphibia
Are Yolk Phosvitins Carriers for Specific
Cations? Comparative Microanalysis in Vertebrate Yolk Platelets (N)
686
A nacystis
Which Polypeptides Are Characteristic for Photosystem II? Analysis of Active Photosystem II
Particles from the Blue-Green Alga
Anacystis
nidulans
295
Andrena
Pheromone Bouquet of the Mandibular Glands
in A n d r e n a haemorrhoa F. (Hym. Apoidea)
. . 928
A niba
Flavonoid Glycosides and Pyrones in A n i b a
Species (Lauraceae)
385
Anthocyanins
The Corolation of Gladiolus. I. Survey of Anthocyanins in Petals of Gladiolus
378
Genetic Control of Chalcone Synthase Activity
in Flowers of Matthiola
incana R. Br
619
Anthocyanin Carrying Structures in Specific
Genotypes of Matthiola
incana R. Br
925
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis
Genetic Control of Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase
Activity and Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase Activity
in A n t i r r h i n u m majus (Snapdragon)
411
A-5-MeC Antibody
The Isolation of Antibodies Specific for 5-Methyl-Cytidine-Bovine Serum Albumin
. . . .
459
Antibody Quantitation
The Isolation of Antibodies Specific for 5-Methyl-Cytidine-Bovine Serum Albumin
. . . .
459
Antifungals
The Effect of Clotrimazole and Triadimefon
on 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA-reductase[EC 1.1.1.34]Äctivity in Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
798
Rh Antigens
Different Protein-Lipid Interaction in Human
Red Blood Cell Membrane of Rh Positive and
Rh Negative Blood Compared with Rh n
. . 988
Antimicrobial Activity
Rutacridone-epoxide, a New Acridone Alkaloid
from Ruta graveolens
200
Antimycotics
The Effect of Clotrimazole and Triadimefon
on 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA-reductase[EC 1.1.1.34]Äctivity in Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
798
A n t i r r h i n u m majus
Genetic Control of Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase
Activity and Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase Activity
in A n t i r r h i n u m majus (Snapdragon)
411
Oxidation of Flavanones to Flavones with Flower Extracts of A n t i r r h i n u m majus (Snapdragon)
737
Antiserum Specificity
Immunoadsorption as a Means for the Purification of Low Molecular Weight Compounds:
Isolation of Ecdysteroids from Insects
. . . .
790
Apigenin
Oxidation of Flavones to Flavones with Flower
Extracts o f A n t i r r h i n u m majus (Snapdragon) . . 737
t
nu
Apo-Enzyme
Studies on the Z n / C o Exchange with Acrylamino Acid Amidohydrolase from Pig Kidney .
Arginase
Location of Several Enzymes of L-Arginine
(Catabolism) in E v e r n i a p r u n a s t r i Thallus. (N) .
Arrhenius Plots
Arrhenius Plots Indicate Localization of Photosynthetic and Respiratory Electron Transport in
Different Membrane Regions of Anabaena
. .
Artemisia absinthium
On the Essential Oil Components from A r t e m i s i a
absint h i u m L
Artemisia
dracunculus
On the Composition of the Essential Oil from
A r t e m i s i a dracunculus
L. during the Vegetation
Period
A r um
maculatum
Properties and Subcellular Localization of L-Alanine: Aldehyde Aminotransferase: Concept of
an Ubiquitous Plant Ezyme Involved in Secondary Metabolism
Asclepiadaceae
Investigations on Hoya species. VIII. Leaf
Flavonols and Di-C-glycosylflavones (N) . . .
Ascomycetes
Volatile Terpenes from Ceratocystis fimbriata (N)
Ascorbic Acid
ESR Investigations on Blood Treated Intravenously with Ascorbic Acid
Paramagnetic Changes in Pulmonary Tumors
On a Possible Mechanism of Action of Interferon
Ascorbate Oxidase and Its Possible Involvement
in Cancer
Is there an Equilibrium between Ascorbic and
Dehydroascorbic Acids? (N)
Aspergillus
oryzae
Co -Substituted Acylamino Acid Amido Hydrolase from Aspergillus oryzae
C - and N-Assimilation
Photosynthetic Assimilation of N-Ammonia
and N-Nitrate in the Marine Diatoms Bellet-ochea yucatanensis
(von Stosch) and Skeletonema costatum
Assimilatory Nitrate Reductase
Electron Transport to Assimilatory Nitrate Reductase in Azotobacter
vinelandii
ATP Synthesis
A i r Synthesis and Generation of Electrochemical Gradients of Protons in the Catecholamine
Storage Organelle of the Adrenal Medulla
. .
ATPases
0-Exchanee by Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Extension of the Model to P, Molecules with Inequivalent Oxygen Atoms in the Bound State . . .
Atrazine
Trypsin-Mediated Removal of Herbicide Binding Sites within the Photosystem II Complex . .
Attractant
A Sex Attractant for Sperchia intractana Walker
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand (N) .
Audiospectrographic Study
An Audiospectrographic Study of Male Stridulation in the Genus Corixa Geoffr. (Hemiptera,
Corixidae) (N)
Auxin
Properties of an ATP-Fueled, Cl"-Dependent
Proton Pump Localized in Membranes of
Microsomal Vesicles from Maize Coleoptiles
.
2+
2+
951
692
1036
369
724
625
1084
1075
1
5
323
804
1088
+2
14
751
15
15
15
834
1030
1056
18
539
98
178
189
997
Subject Index
A v e n a Coleoptiles
Initial Phases of Growth Induced by Sterylglucosides and Indole-3-acetic Acid in A v e n a
Coleoptiles (N)
900
A vena sativa
Application of Liquid Chromatography to a
Study on 4-Coumarate: Coenzyme A Ligase Activity
199
Incorporation of [ C]Phenylalanine and [ C]
Cinnamic Acid into Leaf Pieces and Mesophyll
Protoplasts from Oat Primary Leaves for Studies
on Flavonoid Metabolism at the Tissue and Cell
Level
222
Preparation and Properties of Chromopeptides
from the Pf Form of Phytochrome
440
High Performace Liquid Chromatographie Analysis of Steroidal Saponins from A v e n a sativa
L. (N)
1072
Azadirachta
indica
Inhibition of Oogenesis and Ovarian Ecdysteroid
Synthesis by Azadirachtin in Locusta
migratoria
migratorioides
(R. & F.)
466
Azadirachtin
Inhibition of Oogenesis and Ovarian Ecdysteroid
Synthesis by Azadirachtin in Locusta
migratoria
migratorioides
(R. & F.)
466
Azotobacter
vinelandii
Electron Transport to Assimilatory Nitrate Reduetase in A z o t o b a c t e r vinelandii
1030
14
14
r
Bacterial Constituents
7-Hydroxy Tropolone from Pseudomonas sp. (N)
Bacteriochlorophyllide a
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis: Various Chlorophyllides as Exogenous Substrates for Chlorophyll Synthetase
Bacteriochlorophylls
J2,10-Phytadienol as Esterifying Alcohol of
Bacteriochlorophyll b from
Ectothiorhodospira
halochloris
Baker's Yeast
Inhibition by Cyclic Guanosine 3': 5'-Monophosphate of the Soluble DNA Polymerase Activity, and of Partially Purified DNA Polymerase A (DNA Polymerase I) from the Yeast
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
Behavioral Mutant
Drosophila
Males Produce a Pheromone which
Inhibits Courtship
Benzimidazole Nucleosides
Solution Conformation of Benzimidazole Nucleosides with the Aid of Model Analogues
. .
Bicarbonate
Direct Allosteric Interaction of Oxygen and Bicarbonate: N-Acetyl-alanyl-seryl-phenylalanine,
N-Terminal Sequence of the ß-Chains of the
Haemoglobins of N i l Crocodile
(Crocodylus
niloticus)
and Mississippi Crocodile
(Alligator
mississippiensis)
(N)
Bilayer
X-Ray Studies on Phospholipid Bilayers. I. Polymorphie Forms of Dimyristoyl Lecithin . . . .
Biochemistry
Binding of Polylysine and Ethidium Bromide to
Nucleosomal DNA: Comparison of Biochemical
and Electron Microscopical Results
3-Biosides
Anthocyanin Carrying Structures in Specific
Genotypes of Matthiola incana R. Br
728
51
417
813
694
126
902
1099
Biosynthesis
Purification of Chalcone Synthase from Tulip
Anthers and Comparison with the Synthase from
Cosmos Petals
Formation of Fusaric Acid by Fungi of the
Genus Fusarium (N)
Structure and Biosynthesis of Vitexin 2"-0-Xyloside in Silene alba
Methylation of 3',4' Di-OH C-Glycosylflavones
in Silene
Conversion of Flavanone to Flavone, Dihydroflavonol and Flavonol with an Enzyme System from Cell Cultures ofParsley
The Püfra-O-Methylation of Apigenin to Aca
cetin by Cell-Free Extracts
ofRobiniapseudoacaciah.
Biosynthesis of 3-Carboxy-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4tetrahydroisoquinoline and l-Methyl-3-carboxy6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
in
a Callus Culture of Stizolobium
hassjoo
. . . .
Blood Vascular System
Vascular Specialization in Fish, but No Evidence
for Lymphatics (N)
Blepharisma
japonicum
Synthesis of Blepharismone, the Low-Molecular
Conjugation Hormone of Blepharisma
japonicum
30
338
484
486
742
916
1921
490
Blepharismone
Synthesis of Blepharismone, the Low-Molecular
Coniueation Hormone of Blepharisma
japonicum
(N)
180
Blood Count
ESR Investigations on Blood Treated Intravenously with Ascorbic Acid
1
Blue-Green Algae
Temperature Induced Changes in the Absorption Spectra of Porphyridium
cruentum and
A naeystis nidulans
1013
Arrhenius Plots Indicate Localization of Photosynthetic and Respiratory Electron Transport in
Different Membrane Regions ofAnabaena
. . 1036
Boletales
Metabolites of 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene from
Fruiting Bodies of Gomphiaius
maculatus and G.
glutinosus (Boletales) (N)
488
Bony Fishes
Vascular Specialization in Fish, but No Evidence
for Lymphatics
490
Bovine-Brain
Molecular Forms of Purified Cytoplasmatic and
Membrane Bound Bovine-Brain-Acetylcholinesterase Solubilized by Different Methods . . . 968
Bovine Satellite DNAs
A Family of Sequences with Regional Homology
to Bovine 1.715 Satellite DNA
973
Brassicaceae
Anthocyanin Carrying Structures in Specific
Genotypes of Matthiola
incana R. Br
925
Brown Algae
C -Metabolism in Marine Brown Macrophytic
Algae
840
Burley Tobacco
New Cembranoids from Burley Tobacco (N)
. 1077
4
875
149
925
Cadmium
Cadmium as a Growth Factor for the Mushroom
A g a r i c u s abruptibulbus
(Peck) Kauffmann . . .
765
1100
Subject Index
Calcium
Effect of Isobutylmethylxanthine and Related
Drugs on the Receptor Response (ERG;
a-Wave) of the Frog Retina at Various Extracellular Calcium Concentrations
597
Calf Thymus DNA
Physico-Chemical Characteristics of DNA Chromatin Fractions from Calf Thymus
361
Calf Thymus Freezing
Lymphocyte Chalone from Calf Thymus: Problems of Large Scale Extraction and Assay . . . 568
Callus Culture
Biosynthesis of 3-Carboxy-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4tetrahydroisoquinoline and l-Methyl-3-carboxy6,7 -dinydroxy-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline m
a Callus Culture of Stizolobium
hassjoo
. . . .
921
Cancer
On a Possible Mechanism of Action of Interferon
323
Cap Analogs
Preparation of 5 ,5 -Phosphate linked Dinucleosides
135
Carbohydrate Moiety
Three Dimensional Structure of the Carbohydrate Moiety of a Lipopolysaccharide. Computer Calculations
71
Carbohydrates
Discrimination of Two Fusogenic Properties of
Aqueous Polyethylene Glycol Solutions . . . .
593
3-Carboxy-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
Biosynthesis of 3-Carboxy-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4tetrahydroisoquinoline and l-Methyl-3-carboxy6,7-dinydroxy-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline m
a Callus Culture of Stizolobium
hassjoo
. . . .
921
ß-Carboxylation
C -Metabolism in Marine Brown Macrophytic
Algae
840
[ C]0-Carotene
Carotenoids in the Stick Insect, Ectatosoma
tiaratum Isolation of ß,£-Caroten-2-ol and ß,eCoroten-2-one
755
Carotenoids
Effect of Vanadate and Iron Stress on the Pigment Composition of Chlorella Fusca
207
Partition of Phyllochinone K between Digitonin Particles and Chlorophyll-Proteins of
Chloroplast Membranes from Nicotiana tabacum
276
Caryophyllaceae
Structure and Biosynthesis of Vitexin 2"-0-Xyloside in Silene alba
484
Methylation of 3',4' Di-OH C-Glycosylflavones
in Silene
486
Catecholamine Storage Organelles
ATP Synthesis and Generation of Electrochemical Gradients of Protons in the Catecholamine
Storage Organelle of the Adrenal Medulla
. . 1056
Catharanthus
roseus
Medium-Induced Formation of Indole Alkaloids
and Concomitant Changes of Interrelated Enzyme Activities in Cell Suspension Cultures of
Catharanthus
roseus
40
Cations
Are Yolk Phosvitins Carriers for Specific
Cations? Comparative Microanalysis in Vertebrate Yolk Platelets
686
Cell Damage
Titration of Rat Liver with Digitonin: a Well
Defined Short Term Damage of Cellular Metabolism
880
/
//
4
14
x
Cell Cultures
Conversion of Flavanone to Flavone, Dihydroflavonol and Flavonol with an Enzyme System from Cell Cultures of Parsley
Cell Fusion
Discrimination of Two Fusogenic Properties of
Aqueous Polyethylene Glycol Solutions . . . .
Cell Membrane
Rotation of Cells in an Alternating Electric
Field: the Occurrence of a Resonance Frequency
Cell Rotation
Rotation of Cells in an Alternating Electric
Field: the Occurrence of a Resonance Frequency
Cembranoids
New Cembranoids from Burley Tobacco (N)
.
Central Nervous System
Action Potentials in "Non-Spiking" Visual Interneurones
Ceratocystis ßmbriata
Volatile Terpenes from Ceratocystis
ßmbriata
(N)
C-Glycosylflavones
Incorporation of [ C]Phenylalanine and [ C]
Cinnamic Acid into Leaf Pieces and Mesophyll Protoplasts from Oat Primary Leaves for
Studies on Flavonoid Metabolism at the Tissue
and Cell Level
Chalcone Synthase
Purification of Chalcone Synthase from Tulip
Anthers and Comparison with the Synthase from
Cosmos Petals
Genetic Control of Chalcone Synthase Activity
in Flowers of Matthiola
incana R. Br
Change in Absorption
Temperature Induced Changes in the Absorption Spectra of Porphyridium
cruentum and
A nacystis nidulans
Changes in Amino Acid Compositions
Radiation Damage to Polypeptides and Proteins
in the Solid State: Changes in Amino Acid
Composition
Cr-Channel
Properties of an ATP-Fueled, Cl"-Dependent
Proton Pump Localized in Membranes of
Microsomal Vesicles from Maize Coleoptiles
Chasing
Courtship-Like Tracking Behaviour in WildType Female Drosophila melanogaster
. . . .
Chelating Ligands
Studies on the Z n / C o Exchange with Acylamino Acid Amidohydrolase from Pig Kidney .
Chemosystematics
Flavonoidglycoside and Pyrone bei Aniba-Arten
(Lauraceae)
Chemotaxis
Receptor Specifity and Threshold Concentration
in Chemotaxis of the Phaeophyte Cutleria m u l t i fida
Chemotaxonomy
Iridoids in Some Teucrium and Ajuga Species .
Investigations on Hoya
species. VIII. Leaf
Flavonols and Di-C-glycosylflavones (N) . . .
Chlamydomonas
reinhardii CW 15
In Vitro Biosynthesis of the Plant Sulpholipid:
On the Origin of the Sulphonate Group . . . .
Chlorella
A Thioredoxin Activated Glutamine Synthetase
in Chlorella
14
2+
742
593
173
173
1077
470
1075
14
222
30
619
1013
310
997
475
2+
951
385
262
697
1084
820
396
Subject Index
Chlorella
fusca
Effect of Vanadate and Iron Stress on the Pigment Composition of Chlorella Fusca
207
4-Chloroaniline
Incorporation of Chlorinated Anilines into Lignin
714
Chlorophyll
Esterincation of Chlorophyllide in Prolamellar
Body (PLB) and Prothylakoid (PT) Fractions
from A vena sativa Etioplasts
58
Effect of Vanadate and Iron Stress on the Pigment Composition of Chlorella Fusca
207
Effect of Hydrogen Ion Concentration on the
Absorption Spectrum and Fluorescence Life
Time of Chloroplasts
638
Chlorphyll a/b Ratio
Partition of Phyllochinone K! between Digitonin Particles and Chlorophyll-Proteins of
Chloroplast Membranes from Nicotiana tabacum
276
Light-Induced Accumulation and Stability of
Chlorophylls and Chlorophyll-Proteins during
Chloroplast Development in Radish Seedlings . 421
Chlorophyll Degradation
Light-Induced Accumulation and Stability of
Chlorophylls and Chlorophyll-Proteins during
Chloroplast Development in Radish Seedlings . 421
Pyropheophytin a Accompanies Pheophytin a in
Darkenea Light Grown Cells ofEuglena
. . . 827
Chlorophyll Fluorescence
The Inhibition of Photosynthetic Light Reactions
by Halogenated Naphthoquinones
645
Chlorophyll-Proteins
Partition of Phylloquinone K between Digitonin Particles and Chlorophyll-Proteins of
Chloroplast Membranes from Nicotiana tabacum
276
Light-lnduced Accumulation and Stability of
Chlorophylls and Chlorophyll-Proteins during
Chloroplast Development in Radish Seedlings . 421
Chlorophyllides a and b
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis: Various Chlorophyllides as Exogenous Substrates for Chlorophyll
Synthetase
51
Chloroplast Development
Light-Induced Accumulation and Stability of
Chlorophylls and Chlorophyll-Proteins during
Chloroplast Development in Radish Seedlings . 421
Chloroplast Envelope
The Permeabiuty Coefficients of the Plasmalemma and the Chloroplast Envelope of Spinach Mesophyll Cells for Phytohormones
. . . 672
Chloroplast Membranes
Trypsin-Mediated Removal of Herbicide Binding Sides within the Photosystem II Complex .
98
Chloroplasts
Reinvestigation of the Effects of Disalicylidenepropanediamine (DSPD) and 2-Heptyl4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) on Photosynthetic Electron Transport
109
Effect of Hydrogen Ion Concentration on the
Absorption Spectrum and Fluorescence Life
Time of Chloroplasts
638
Subcellular Compartmentation of Indole-3-acetic Acid in Mesopnyll Cells of Spinacia oleracea . 679
Evidence for a Transcarboxylase Reaction in
Maize Chloroplast Extracts (N)
688
Effects of Linolenic Acid on the Spectral Properties and Picosecond Fluorescence of Pea Chloroplasts
1021
x
1101
Chromatin
Physico-Chemical Characteristics of DNA Chromatin Fractions from Calf Thymus
361
Chrysosplenium
americanum
Polymethylated Flavonols of
Chrysosplenium
americanum.
I. Identification and Enzymatic
Synthesis
730
Cineraria
aß-Dehydrocurvularin and Curvularin from A l ternaria cinerariae (N)
1081
Cinnamoyl Putrescines
Effects of Glyphosate on Shikimic Acid Accumulation in Tobacco Cell Cultures with Low
and High Yields of Cinnamoyl Putrescines . . 210
Circadian Rhythm
Effect of Lithium Chloride on the Circadian
Rhythm in the Flight Activity of the Microchiropteran Bat, Tapnozous melanopogon
. . . 1068
Circular Dichroism
Protamines. VII. Circular Dichroism Study of
Salmine A I
305
Effect of Hydrogen Ion Concentration on the
Absorption Spectrum and Fluorescence Life
Time of Chloroplasts
638
Clerodendrum
Iridoids in Clerodendrum
thomsonae Balf. f., Verbenaceae
708
C -Metabolism
C -Metabolism in Marine Brown Macrophytic
Algae
840
C-Methylated Flavones
Epicuticular Leaf Flavonoids from
Eucalyptus
Species and from Kalmia latifolia
913
Coa/Coß-Isomerism
COa/Coß-Isomerism of the Cobalt Methylated
Corrinoids. CD and ORD Spectra of Several
Isomer Pairs
497
Cobyric Acid
About the Iron Analogues of Cobalamin and
Cobyric Acid
9
Coenzyme Derivatives
Interactions between Tryptophan Synthase from
Escherichia
coli and Derivatives of the Coenzyme Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate
778
Coleoptile
Properties of an ATP-Fueled, Cl~-Dependent
Proton Pump Localized in Membranes of
Microsomal Vesicles from Maize Coleoptiles . . 997
A H / C a Antiporter in Membranes of Microsomal Vesicles from Maize Coleoptiles, a Secondary Energized C a Pump
1009
Collagen
Fitting of SAXS-Curves by Nonlinear Regression
333
Colony Assay
Lymphocyte Chalone from Calf Thymus: Problems of Large Scale Extraction and Assay . . . 568
Compartmental Analysis
Subcellular Compartmentation of Indole-3-acetic Acid in Mesopnyll Cells of Spinacia oleracea
679
Computer Programs
A Program Package for the Analysis of Peptide
Conformations on the TR 440 (N)
347
Concentrations
Effect of Oxygen on Photosynthetic C 0 Fixation of Synechococcus
93
Conformation Analysis
Solution Conformation of Benzimidazole Nucleosides with the Aid of Model Analogues
. . 126
4
4
+
2 +
2+
2
1102
Subject Index
Coniferyl Alcohol
Incorporation of Chlorinated Anilines into Lignin
714
Conjugation
Synthesis of Blepharismone, the Low-Molecular
Conjugation Hormone of Blepharisma
japonicum
.. 180
Continuous C 0 Evolution
I n vivo Evidence for a Functional Glycolytic
Compartment in Synchronous Yeast Cells . . .
615
Contrast
A Simple Coding Procedure Enhances a
Neurones Information Capacity (N)
910
Copper and Spin Concentration of Blood
ESR
Investigations on Blood Treated Intravenously with Ascorbic Acid
1
Copper Proteins
Ascorbate Oxidase and Its Possible Involvement
in Cancer
804
Corixa
An Audiospectrographic Study of Male Stridulation in the Genus Corixa Geoffr. (Hemiptera,
Corixidae) (N)
189
Corpus allatum
On the Specificity of Juvenile Hormone Biosynthesis in the Male Cecropia Moth
579
Cosmos
Purification of Chalcone Synthase from Tulip
Anthers and Comparison with the Synthase from
Cosmos Petals
30
/7-Coumaroyl-CoA
Application of Liquid Chromatography to a
Study on 4-Coumarate: Coenzyme A Ligase Activity
197
Courtship
Courtship-Like Tracking Behaviour in WildType Female Drosophila
melanogaster
. . . .
475
Crayfishes
Isolation of Nuclei from CrayfishTissues and
Demonstration of Nuclear Ecdysteroid Receptors
326
Cross-Linking
Reassociation of Lactic Dehydrogenase from Pig
Heart Studied by Cross-Linking with Glutaraldehyde
772
Cryopreservation
Lymphocyte Chalone from Calf Thymus: Problems of Large Scale Extraction and Assay . . . 568
Crystal Packing Forces
Influence of Crystal Packing Forces on Molecular Structure in 4-Thiouricfine. Comparison of
anti and syn Forms
956
Crystals
Anthocyanin Carrying Structures in Specific
Genotypes of Matthiola
incana R. Br
925
Cruciferae
Enzymatic Preparation and Properties of Some
Desulfoglucosinolates
16
Cultures
Effect of Glucocorticoids, Insulin and a Growth
Promoting Tripeptide on the Biosynthesis of
Plasma Proteins in Serum-Free Hepatocyte Cultures (N)
350
Curvularin
aß-Dehydrocurvularin and Curvularin from A l ternaria cinerariae (N)
1081
Cutleria
multiflda
Receptor Specifity and Threshold Concentration
in Chemotaxis of the Phaeophyte Cutleria m u l t i flda
262
1 4
2
Cyanobacteria
Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by Hydrogenase
in Cultures of Cyanobacteria
87
Cyclic AMP-Dependent and -Independent
Protein Kinases in HeLa Cells and in Human
Cervix Carcinoma
552
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate
Inhibition by Cyclic Guanosine 3'^'-Monophosphate of the Soluble DNA Polymerase Activity, and of Partially Purified DNA Polymerase
A (DNA Polymerase I) from the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
813
Cyclostomes
Are Yolk Phosvitins Carriers for Specific
Cations? Comparative Microanalysis in Vertebrate Yolk Platelets (N)
686
Cytochalasin B
Cytochalasin B-Induced ATPase Activity of Actin: Dependence on Monomer Concentration
. 1050
Cytoplasm
Intracellular Effect of Hydroxyalkenals on Animal Tumors
572
Cytoplasmatic
Molecular Forms of Purified Cytoplasmatic and
Membrane Bound Bovine-Brain-Acetylcholinesterase Solubilized by Different Methods . . . 968
Dark Fixation
C -Metabolism in Marine Brown Macrophytic
Algae
840
DEAE
The Isolation of Antibodies Specific for
5-Methyl-Cytidine-Bovine Serum Albumin . . 459
Dehydroascorbic Acid
Is there an Equilibrium between Ascorbic and
Dehydroascorbic Acids? (N)
1088
a^-Dehydrocurvularin
aß-Öehydrocurvularin and Curvularin from A lternaria cinerariae (N)
. 1081
Dehydrogenases
Pressure, Temperature and pH Dependence of
the Absorption Spectrum or Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
84
Desulfo-Glucosinolates
Enzymatic Preparation and Properties of Some
Desulfoglucosinolates
16
Diacylsulphoquinovosyl Glyceride
I n Vitro Biosynthesis of the Plant Sulpholipid:
On the Origin of the Sulphonate Group . . . .
820
Digitonin
Titration of Rat Liver with Digitonin: a Well
Defined Short Term Damage of Cellular Metabolism
880
A-Dihydrobilindiones
Chromophore Content and Molar Absorptivity
of Phytochrome in the P Form
431
Dihydrocoumarin
Dryopterin, ein neuartiges C -Flavan aus
Dryopteris
filix-mas
607
Dimethylallyl Transferase
Induction of Phytoalexin Synthesis in Soybean.
Structure and Reactions of Naturally Occurring
and Enzymatically Prepared Prenylated Pterocarpans from Elicitor-Treated Cotyledons and
Cell Cultures of Soybean
234
Dimyristoyl Lecithin
X-Ray Studies on Phospholipid Bilayers. I. Polymorphie Forms of Dimyristoyl Lecithin . . . .
875
4
r
17
Subject Index
Dioxygenases
Conversion of Flavanone to Flavone, Dihydroflavonol and Flavonol with an Enzyme System from Cell Cultures of Parsley
742
Diphenylether
Mode of Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron
Transport by Substituted Diphenylethers . . . 848
Dipole
Rotation of Cells in an Alternating Electric
Field: the Occurrence of a Resonance Frequency
173
Diptera
Action Potentials in "Non-Spiking" Visual Interneurones
470
C o Dissociation Constant
Studies on the Z n / C o Exchange with Acylamino Acid Aminohydrolase from Pig Kidney . 951
Diterpenoid Alcohols
JzJO-Phytadienol as Esterifying Alcohol of Bacteriochlorophyll b from Ectothiorhodospira
halochloris
417
Diterpenoids
New Cembranoids from Burley Tobacco (N) . . 1077
Diuron
Trypsin-Medkted Removal of Herbicide Binding Sites within the Photosystem II Complex . .
98
DNA Circular Permutation
Partial Denaturation Mapping of Phage T4
DNA at Low Temperature
980
DNA Content
DNA Content and Fraementation of the Egg
Nucleus of Trichoplax
adhaerens
564
DNA Denaturation Map
Partial Denaturation
Mapping of Phage
T4 DNA at Low Temperature
980
DNA Polymerase I
Inhibition by Cyclic Guanosine 3': 5'-Monophosphate of the Soluble DNA Polymerase Activity, and of Partially Purified DNA Polymerase A (DNA Polymerasel) from the Yeast
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
813
DNA Polymerase A
Inhibition by Cyclic Guanosine 3':5'-Monophosphate of the Soluble DNA Polymerase Activity, and of Partially Purified DNA Polymerase A (DNA Polymerase I) from the Yeast
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
813
DNA Polymerase Activity
Inhibition by Cyclic Guanosine 3':5'-Monophosphate of the Soluble DNA Polymerase Activity, and of Partially Purified DNA Polymerase A (DNA Polymerase I) from the Yeast
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
813
Drosophila
melanogaster
Courtship-Like Tracking Behaviour in WildType Female Drosophila
melanogaster
. . . .
475
Drosophila
Males Produce a Pheromone which
Inhibits Courtship (N)
694
Dryopterisßlix-mas (L.) Schott
Dryopterin, a Novel C -Flavan from
Dryopteris
ßlix-mas
607
Dye-Ligand Chromatography
Molecular Characterization of Glutamine Synthetase from the Nitrogen-Fixing Phototrophic
Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas
palustris . . . .
246
2+
2+
2+
17
Ecdysteroids
Inhibition of Oogenesis and Ovarian Ecdysteroid
Synthesis by Azadirachtin in Locusta
migratoria
migratorioides
(R. & F.)
466
1103
Immunoadsorption as a Means for the Purification Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Isolation of Ecdysteroids from Insects
Effect of Oxygen and C 0 Concentrations
Effect of Oxyeen on Photosynthetic C 0 Fixation of Synechococcus
Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide
Electrophoretic and Chemical Studies on the
X-Ray Damage of Malate Synthase
Egg Nucleus
DNA Content and Fraementation of the Egg
Nucleus of Trichoplax
adhaerens
790
2
2
93
516
564
Fatty Acid Composition of Eggs durine Development of the Cotton Leaf-Worm, Spoaoptera
littoralis Boisduval
562
Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells
The Effect of Glucosone on the Proliferation and
Energy Metabolism of i n vitro Grown Ehrlich
Ascites Tumor Cells
255
Electric Field
Rotation of Cells in an Alternating Electric
Field: the Occurrence of a Resonance Frequency
173
Electron Acceptors
Site of Action of 2,5-Dimethoxy-3,6-Dichloro/?-Benzoquinone in the Photosynthetic Electron
Transport Chain
656
Electron Microscopy
Radiation Damage to Polypeptides and Proteins
in the Solid State: Changes in Amino Acid
Composition
310
Isolation and Morphological Characterization of
the Potato LefroU Virus (PLRV)
884
Radiation Damage to Polypeptides and Proteins
in the Solid State, II. Radiolysis of Poly-L-GlutamicAcid(N)
1091
Electron Transport
Reinvestigation of the Effects of Disalicylidenepropanediamine (DSPD) and 2-Heptyl4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) on Photosynthetic Electron Transport
109
The Inhibition of Photosynthetic Light Reactions
by Halogenated Naphthoquinones
645
Electron Transport to Nitrate Reductase
Electron Transport to Assimilatory Nitrate Reductase in Azotobacter
vinelandii
1030
Electroreceptors
Electroreceptors and Direction Specific Arrangement in the Lateral Line System of Salamanders? (N)
493
Electroretinogram
Effect of Isobutylmethylxanthine and Related
Drugs on the Receptor Response (ERG;
a-Wave) of the Frog Retina at Various Extracellular Calcium Concentrations
597
Embryotoxicity
Thalidomide-Like Malformations Caused by a
Tween Surfactant in Mice
904
Empty Capsids
Chemical Analysis and Structure of Polio virus. I.
Cysteine/Cystine Content, Complete Amino
Acid Analysis and Hydrophobicity of Poliovirus
and Its Naturally Occurring Empty Capsids . . 164
Endothelial Cells
Vascular Specialization in Fish, but No Evidence
for Lymphatics (N)
490
1104
Subject Index
Energy Calculations
A Program Package for the Analysis of Peptide
Conformations on the TR440 (N)
347
Energy Metabolism
The Effect of Glucosone on the Proliferation and
Energy Metabolism of in vitro Grown Ehrlich
Ascites Tumor Cells
255
Energy-Transfer Inhibition of ATP Synthesis
Multifunctional Mode of Action of Substituted
Nitrodiphenylethers in Scenedesmus Cells . . .
633
Enzymatic Synthesis
Polymethylated Flavonols of
Chrysosplenium
americanum
I. Identification and Enzymatic Synthesis
730
Enzyme Kinetics
"O-Exchange by Hydrolyzing Enzymes: An ab
initio Calculation
534
0-Exchange by Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Extension of the Model to P, Molecules with Inequivalent Oxygen Atoms in the Bound State . . . 539
Enzyme Mecnanism
"O-Exchange by Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Extension of the Model to P, Molecules with Inequivalent Oxygen Atoms in the Bound State . . .
539
Enzyme Purification
Purification and Properties of a New Enzyme
from Evernia p r u n a s t r i , which Reduces L-Usnic
Acid
35
Envelope
Lipid Labelling in Intact Chloroplasts from Exogenous Nucleotide Precursors
62
Envelope Polypeptides
Purification of Murine and Feline Type-C Virus
Envelope Polypeptides as Micellar Protein Complexes (N)
353
Epidermis
Distribution of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
and 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase in Oat Primary
LeafTissues
389
Erythrocyte
Immobilization of Erythrocytes by Radiation Polymerization of Glass-Forming Monomers at
Low Temperatures
1062
ESR
ESR Investigations on Blood Treated Intravenously with Ascorbic Acid
1
Paramagnetic Changes in Pulmonary Tumors .
5
Ascorbate Oxidase and Its Possible Involvement
in Cancer
804
On a Possible Mechanism of Action of Interferon
323
Altered Herne Environments in Opossum and
Rabbit Methemoglobins
964
Is there an Equiübrium between Ascorbic and
Dehydroascorbic Acids? (N)
1088
ESR and Infrared Studies
Different Protein-Lipid Interaction in Human
Red Blood Cell Membrane of Rh Positive and
Rh Negative Blood Compared with Rh u
. . 988
ESR Spectroscopy
Interaction of Phloretin with the Human Red
Cell Membrane and Membrane Lipids: Evidence from Infrared, Raman and ESR Spectroscopy
586
Essential Oil
On the Essential Oil Components from
Majorana
hortensis Moench
23
On the Essential Oil Components from A r t e m i s i a
absinthium L
369
18
nu
On the Composition of the Essential Oil from
A r t e m i s i a drancunculus
L. during the Vegetation
Period
724
Ethane Production
Stimulation of Wound Reactions in Potato
Tubers by Thiabendazole
115
Ethidium Bromide
Binding of Polylysine and Ethidium Bromide to
Nucleosomal DNA: Comparison of Biochemical
and Electron Microscopical Results
149
Etioplast
Red Light Induced Change in the Saponin Content of Prolamellar Bodies in A vena sativa
. . . 869
High Performance Liquid Chromatographie
Analysis of Steroidal Saponins from A vena sativa
L. (N)
1072
Eucalyptus
globulus
Epicuticular Leaf Flavonoids from
Eucalyptus
Species and from Kalmia latifolia
913
Euglena
Pyropheophytin a Accompanies Pheophytin a in
Darkened Light Grown Cells of Euglena
. . . 827
Evernia p r u n a s t r i
Purification and Properties of a New Enzyme
from Evernia p r u n a s t r i , which Reduces L-Usnic
Acid
35
Location of Several Enzymes of L-Arginine Catabolism in Evernia p r u n a s t r i Thallus. (N) . . .
692
Evolutionary Tree
An Evolutionary Tree Based on Monoclonal
Antibody-Recognized Surface Features of a
Plastid Enzyme (5-Aminolevulinate Dehydratase)
44
Exchange
ATP Synthesis and Generation of Electrochemical Gradients of Protons in the Catecholamine
Storage Organelle of the Adrenal Medulla
. . 1056
0-Exchange
0-Excnange by Hydrolyzing Enzymes: An ab
initio Calculation
534
0-Exchange by Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Extension of the Model to P, Molecules with Inequivalent Oxygen Atoms in the Bound State . . .
539
Z n / C o Exchange
Co -Substituted Acylamino Acid Amido Hydrolase from Aspergillus
oryzae
751
Externa! Flavonoid Aglycones
Epicuticular Leaf Flavonoids from
Eucalyptus
Species and from Kalmia latifolia
913
Extinction Coefficient
Chemical Analysis and Structure of Poliovirus. I.
Cysteine/Cystine Content, Complete Amino
Acid Analysis and Hydrophobicity of Poliovirus
and Its Naturally Occurring Empty Capsids . . 164
18
18
18
+2
+2
+2
Facultative Phototrophic Bacteria
I n Vivo Control of Glutamine Synthetase in
the Facultative Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas
sphaeroides
Farinose Exudate
Unusual Flavanones from a Rare American
Fern
Fatty Acids
Fatty Acid Composition of Eggs during Development of the Cotton Leaf-Worm, Spoaoptera
littoralis Boisduval
407
604
562
Subject Index
Fe(III)Cobalamin
About the Iron Analogues of Cobalamin and
9
Cobyric Acid
Females
Courtship-Like Tracking Behaviour in WildType Female Drosophila melanogaster
. . . . 475
9(11)-Fernene
9(11)-Fernene and Its 21-Epimer as an Epi896
cuticular Layer on Ferns (N)
Ferredoxin
Electron Transport to Assimilatory Nitrate Re1030
ductase in Azotobacter
vinelandii
Ferulic Acid Esters
Ferulic Acid-Sucrose Esters from Immature
721
Anthers of Tulipa cv. "Apeldoorn"
Fibronectin
Effect of Lectins and Chemical Modification on
the Hemagglutinin Activity of Human Plasma o -,
Fibronectin
C 0 Fixation
Effect of Oxygen on Photosynthetic C 0 Fixation of Synecnococcus
Flavan
Dryopterin, ein neuartiges C -Flavan aus
Dryopteris filix-mas
607
Flavanone
Genetic Control of Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase
Activity and Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase Activity
411
in A n t i r r h i n u m majus (Snapdragon)
Flavanone Oxidase
Oxidation of Flavanones to Flavones with Flower Extracts of A n t i r r h i n u m majus (Snapdragon) .
Flavins
Isolation and Identification of an Oxygen Reducing Factor (ORF) from Isolated Spinach
^
Chloroplast Lamellae
Flavodoxin
Electron Transport to Assimilatory Nitrate Re1030
ductase in Azotobacter
vinelandii
Flavonoid Biosynthesis
Oxidation of Flavanones to Flavones with Flower Extracts of A n t i r r h i n u m majus (Snapdragon) . 737
Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase
Genetic Control of Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase
Activity and Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase Activity
in A n t i r r h i n u m majus (Snapdragon)
Flavonoids
Purification of Chalcone Synthase from Tulip
Anthers and Comparison with the Synthase from
Cosmos Petals
Flavonoid Glycosides and Pyrones in A n i b a Species (Lauraceae)
Genetic Control of Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase
Activity and Flavonoid 3-Hydroxylase Activity
in A ntirrhinum
majus (Snapdragon)
411
Genetic Control of Chalcone Synthase Activity
in Flowers of Matthiola incana R. Br
619
Conversion of Flavanone to Flavone, Dihydroflavonol and Flavonol with an Enzyme System from Cell Cultures of Parsley
742
The Para-O-Methylation of Apigenin to Acacetin by Cell-Free Extracts of Robinia
pseudoacacia L
. . . 916
Flavonol
Investigations on Hoya species. VIII. Leaf Flavonols and Di-C-glycosyltlavones (N)
. . . . 1084
6
1 4
2
2
9 3
17
7 r 7
/ J /
4 1 1
3 0
3 8 5
1105
Flight Activity
Effect of Lithium Chloride on the Circadian
Rhythm in the Flight Activity of the Microchiropteran Bat, Tapnozous melanopogon
. . . 1068
Fluorescence Lifetimes
Effect of Hydrogen Ion Concentration on the
Absorption Spectrum and Fluorescence Life
Time of Chloroplasts
638
Effects of Linolenic Acid on the Spectral Properties and Picosecond Fluorescence of Pea Chloroplasts
1021
FlyEye
A Simple Coding Procedure Enhances a
Neurones Information Capacity (N)
910
a-Formylphenylacetic Acid
Chemical Synthesis of a-Formylphenylacetic
Acid, the Postulated Precursor of Tropic Acid . 611
Fraementation
D N A Content and Fraementation of the Egg
Nucleus of Trichoplax
adhaerens
564
Free Radical
Is there an Equilibrium between Ascorbic and
Dehydroascorbic Acids? (N)
1088
Frog Retina
Effect of Isobutylmethylxanthine and Related
Drugs on the Receptor Response (ERG;
a-Wave) of the Frog Retina at Various Extracellular Calcium Concentrations
597
Fusaric Acid
Formation of Fusaric Acid by Fungi of the
Genus Fusarium (N)
338
Fusarium
Formation of Fusaric Acid by Fungi of the
Genus Fusarium (N)
338
Fusogenic Properties
Discrimination of Two Fusogenic Properties of
Aqueous Polyethylene Glycol Solutions . . . .
593
Gamones
Synthesis of Blepharismone, the Low-Molecular
Coniueation Hormone of Blepharisma
japonicum
(N)
GC-MS-Analysis
Gaschromatographic, Mass- and Infrared-Spectrometric Identification of Cyclic Adenosine3':5'-monophosphate (c-AMP) in Maize Seedlings (Zea mays)
Mammalian Pheromone Studies, IV. Terpenoid
Compounds and Hydroxy Esters from the Dorsal Gland of the Springbok, Antidorcas
marsupialis(N)
Mammalian Pheromone Studies, V. Compounds
from the Preorbital Gland of the Grysbok,
Raphicerus
melanotis (N)
GC-MS Data
On
the Essential Oil Components from
Majorana
hortensis Moench
On the Essential Oil Components from A rtemisia
absinthium
L
Gel Preparation
An lmproved Method for the Preparation of the
Four Ribonucleic Acids of Cowpea Chlorotic
Mottle Virus
Genetic Control
Genetic Control of Chalcone Synthase Activity
in Flowers of Matthiola
incana R. Br
Gibberella
Formation of Fusaric Acid by Fungi of the
Genus Fusarium (N)
180
193
340
344
23
369
157
619
338
1106
Subject Index
Gladiolus
The Coloration of Gladiolus I. Survey of Anthocyanins in Petals of Gladiolus
378
Glass-Forming Monomer
Immobilization of Erythrocytes by Radiation PoWmerization of Glass-Forming Monomers at
Low Temperatures
1062
Glucagon Immunoreactivity
Glucagon-Like Immunoreactivity (GLI) in
Blood Plasma of Partially Hepatectomized Rats . 464
Glucagon-Like Immunoreactivity (GLI)
Glucagon-Like Immunoreactivity (GLI) in
Blaod Plasma of Partially Hepatectomized Rats . 464
Glucocorticoids
Effect of Glucocorticoids, Insulin and a Growth
Promoting Tripeptide on the Biosynthesis of
Plasma Proteins in Serum-Free Hepatocyte Cultures (N)
350
2-^-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-2S-butyronitrile
The Cyanogenic Glycoside of Holcus mollis (N) . 336
Glucosinolate Sulfohydrolase
Enzymatic Preparation and Properties of Some
Desulfoglucosinolates
16
Glucosinolates
Enzymatic Preparation and Properties of Some
Desulfoglucosinolates
16
Glucosone
The Effect of Glucosone on the Proüferation and
Energy Metabolism of in vitro Grown Ehrlich
Ascites Tumor Cells
255
Glutamine
A Thioredoxin Activated Glutamine Synthetase
in Chlorella
396
Glutamine Synthetase
Molecular Characterization of Glutamine Synthetase from the Nitrogen-Fixing Phototrophic
Bacterium Rhodospseudomonas
palustris
. . . 246
I n Vivo Control of Glutamine Synthetase in the
Facultative Phototrophic Bacterium
Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroiaes
407
Glutamine Synthetase Regulation
Regulatory Properties of Glutamine Synthetase
from the Nitrogen-Fixing Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodopseuäomonas palustris
784
Glutaraldehyde
Reassociation of Lactic Dehydrogenase from Pig
Heart Studied by Cross-Linking with Glutaraldehyde
772
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase
Half-of-the-Sites Reactivity of Glyceraldehyde-3
phosphate Dehydrogenase from Rabbit Muscle
with Structural Analogs of NAD
545
Glycine max L.
Induction of Phytoalexin Synthesis in Soybean.
Structure and Reactions of Naturally Occurring
and Enzymatically Prepared Prenylated Pterocarpans from Elicitor-Treated Cotyledons and
Cell Cultures of Soybean
234
Glycolytic Compartment
I n vivo Evidence for a Functional Glycolytic
Compartment in Synchronous Yeast Cells . . .
615
Di-C-glycosylflavone
Investigations on Hoya
species. VIII. Leaf
Flavonols and Di-C-glycosylflavones (N) . . . 1084
Glyphosate
Effects of Clyphosate on Shikimic Acid Accumulation in Tobacco Cell Cultures with Low and
High Yields of Cinnamoyl Putrescines
. . . .
210
Glyphosate Analogues
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Aminomethylphosphonic Acids Related to the Herbicide Glyphosate
Gomphidius
Metabolites of 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene from
Fruiting Bodies of Gomphidius
maculatus
and G.
glutinosus (Boletales) [ 1 ]
Gomphilactone
Metabolites of 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene from
Fruiting Bodies of Gomphidius
maculatus
and G.
glutinosus (Boletales) [1]
Graded Signal Transmission
Action Potentials in "Non-Spiking" Visual Interneurones
Growth
Initial Phase of Growth Induced by SteryIglucosides "and Indole-3-acetic Acid in
Avena
Coleoptiles
+
242
488
488
470
900
H -ATPase
Properties of an ATP-Fueled, Cl -Dependent
Proton Pump Localized in Membranes of
Microsomal Vesicles from Maize Coleoptiles
. 997
A H /Ca
Antiporter in Membranes of
Microsomal Vesicles from Maize Coleoptiles,
a Secondary Energized C a Pump
1009
Haemoglobin
Direct Allosteric Interaction of Oxygen and Bicarbonate: N-Acetyl-alanyl-sery 1-phenylalanine,
N-Terminal Sequence of the ß-Chains of the
Haemoglobins of Nil Crocodile
(Crocodylus
niloticus)
and Mississippi Crocodile
(Alligator
mississippiensis)
(N)
902
Half-of-the-Sites Reactivity
Half-of-the Sites Reactivity of Glyceraldehyde-3
phosphate Dehydrogenase from Rabbit Muscle
with Structural Analogs of NAD
545
Halophilic Bacteria
J2,10-Phytadienol as Esterifying Alcohol of Bacteriochlorophyll b from
Ectothiorhodospira
halochloris
417
HeLa Cells
Protein Kinases in HeLa Cells and in Human
Cervix Carcinoma
552
a-Helix
Protamines. VII. Circular Dichroism Study of
Salmine A I
305
Hemagglutination
Effect of Lectins and Chemical Modification on
the Hemagglutinin Activity of Human Plasma
Fibronectin
863
Herne Environment
Altered Herne Environments in Opossum and
Rabbit Methemoglobins
964
Herbicide Binding
Comparative Binding of Photosystem II - Herbicides to Isolated Thylakoid Membranes and Intact Green Algae
1041
Herbicides
Synthesis
and
Biological
Activity
of
Aminomethylphosphonic Acids Related to the
Herbicide Glyphosate
242
Multifunctional Mode of Action of Substituted
Nitrodiphenylethers in Scenedesmus Cells . . . 633
Mode of Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron
Transport by Substituted Diphenylethers . . . 848
+
2 +
2+
Subject Index
Two Sites of Inhibition of the Photosynthetic
Electron Transport Chain by the Herbicide Trifluralin
Comparative Binding of Photosystem II - Herbicides to Isolated Thylakoid Membranes and Intact Green Algae
Heterocysts
Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by Hydrogenase
in Cultures of Cyanobacteria
(S)-Heterodendrin
The Cyanogenic Glycoside of Holcus mollis (N)
5,5'-Hexahydroxybiphenyl
Metabolites of 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene from
Fruiting Bodies of Gomphidius
maculatus and G.
glutinosus (Boletales) [1]
Hign Mobiiity Group Proteins
Preferential Phosphorylation of Hieh Mobility
Group Protein 17 in vitro by a Nuclear Protein
Kinase
High Performance Chromatography
Pyropheophytin a Accompanies Pheophytin a in
Darkened Light Grown Cells of Euglena
. . .
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Formation of Fusaric Acid by Fungi of the
Genus Fusarium (N)
Analysis of Phenolic Acids by High Performance
Liquid Chromatography Using a Step-Wise
Gradient
The Coloration of Gladiolus. I. Survey of Anthocyanins in Petals of Gladiolus
High Performance Liquid Chromatographie Analysis of Steroidal Saponins from A vena sativa L.
High Pressure
Pressure, Temperature and pH Dependence of
the Absorption Spectrum of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
The Pressure Dependence of the Rotation of the
N-Aralkylpyridinium Moiety in a Synthetic
NAD " Model System Studied by High Pressure
HRNMR
Higher Plant Lipids
In Vitro Biosynthesis of the Plant Sulpholipid:
On the Origin of the Sulphonate Group . . . .
HMG-CoA-Reductase
The Effect of Clotrimazole and Triadimefon on
3-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-Glutaryl-CoA-Reductase[EC 1.1.1.34]Activity in Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
Holcus
The Cyanogenic Glucoside of Holcus mollis (N) .
Homeostasis
Effect of Lithium Chloride on the Circadian
Rhythm in the Flieht Activity of the Microchiropteran Bat, Tapnozous melanopogon
. . .
Hormones
Synthesis of Blepharismone, the Low-Molecular
Conjugation Hormone of Blepharisma
japonicum
(N)
Hoya
Investigations on Hoya species. VIII. Leaf
Flavonols and Di-C-glycosylflavones (N) . . .
Human Cervix Carcinoma
Protein Kinases in HeLa Cells and in Human
Cervix Carcinoma
Human Thymus Steroids
Steroids of Human Thymi (N)
Hyalophora
cecropia
On the Specificity of Juvenile Hormone Biosynthesis in the Male Cecropia Moth
853
1041
87
336
488
319
827
338
357
378
1072
84
1107
Hydrogen Bonds
Aspartic Acid-Aspartate and Glutamic AcidGlutamate Hydrogen Bonds Having Great Proton Polarizability - IR Investigations
961
Hydrogen Evolution
Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by Hydrogenase
in Cultures of Cyanobacteria
87
Hydrogen Exchange
Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange in Adenosine
5'-Monqphosphate Detected by Surface Enhanced Raman Scatterin (SERS)
809
Hydrogen Metabolism
Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by Hydrogenase
in Cultures of Cyanobacteria
87
Hydrogenase
Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by Hydrogenase
in Cultures of Cyanobacteria
87
Hydrophobicity
Chemical Analysis and Structure of Poliovirus. I.
Cysteine/Cystine Content, Complete Amino
Acids Analysis and Hydrophobicity of Poliovirus
and Its Naturally Occurring Empty Capsids . . 164
2-Hydroxy-carotenoids
Carotenoids in the Stick Insect, Ectatosoma
tiaratum Isolation of ß,£-Caroten-2-ol and ß,eCaroten-2-one
755
llß-Hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione
Steroids of Human Thymi (N)
1086
7-Hydroxy Tropolone
7-Hydroxy Tropolone from Pseudomonas
sp. [1] . 728
7/3-Hydroxycholesterol
Steroids of Human Thymi (N)
1086
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Conjugates
Ferulic Acid-Sucrose Esters from Immature
Anthers of Tulipa cv. "Apeldoorn"
721
Hypochroism
Preparation of 5',5"-Phosphate Linked Dinucleosides
135
4
366
070
790
336
106g
jgO
IQg4
5 5 2
1086
579
Icosahedron
Isolation and Morphological Characterization of
the Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) . . . . . .
884
Identification
Polymethylated Flavonols of
Chrysosplenium
americanum
I. Identification and Enzymatic Synthesis
730
Identified Neurones
Action Potentials in "Non-Spiking" Visual Interneurones
470
Immunoadsorption of Steroids
Immunoadsorption as a Means for the Purification of Low Molecular Weight Compounds:
Isolation of Ecdysteroids from Insects
. . . .
790
Immunobilization
Immobilization of Ery throey tes by Radiation Polymerization of Glass-Forming Monomers at
Low Temperatures
1062
Immunodiffusion
The Isolation of Antibodies Specific for
5-Methyl-Cytidine-Bovine Serum Albumin . . 459
Impermeability
Lipid Labelling in Intact Chloroplasts from Exogenous Nucleotide Precursors
62
Individual CCMV RNAs
An Improved Method for the Preparation of the
Four Ribonucleic Acids of Cowpea Chlorotic
Mottle Virus
157
1108
Indole-3-acetic Acid
Initial Phases of Growth Induced by Sterylglucosides and Indole-3-acetic Acid in
Avena
Coleoptiles (N)
Subcellular Compartmentation
of Indole3- acetic Acid in Mesophyll Cells of
Spinacia
oleracea
Indole Alkaloids
Medium-Induced Formation of Indole Alkaloids
and Concomitant Changes of Interrelated Enzyme Activities in Cell Suspension Cultures of
Catharanthus
roseus
Information Theory
A Simple Coding Procedure Enhances a
Neuron's Information Capacity (N)
Infrared Raman
Interaction of Phloretin with the Human Red
Cell Membrane and Membrane Lipids: Evidence from Infrared, Raman and ESR Spectroscony
Infrared-äpectrometry
Gaschromatographic, Mass- and Infrared-Spectrometric Identification of Cyclic Adenine-3 :5'monophosphate (c-AMP) in Maize Seedlings
(Zea mays)
Inhibition
Two Sites of Inhibition of the Photosynthetic
Electron Transport Chain by the Herbicide Trifluralin
Inhibitors
Reinvestigation of the Effects of Disalicylidenepropanediamine (DSPD) and 2-Heptyl4- hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) on Photosynthetic Electron Transport
Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron Transport
by the Quinone Antagonist UHDBT
Isolation and Partial Characterization of the
Membrane-Bound N A D H Dehydrogenase from
the Photoptophic Bacterium
Rhodopseudomonas capsulata
The Inhibition of Photosynthetic Light Reactions
by Halogenated Naphthoquinones
Drosophila
Males rroduce a Pheromone which
Inhibits Courtship (N)
Mode of Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron
Transport by Substituted Diphenylethers . . .
Initiation
Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Yeast: Binding
ofMet-tRNAi
Initiator tRNA
Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Yeast: Binding
ofMet-tRNAi
Inositol Hexaphosphate
Altered Herne Environments in Opossum and
Rabbit Methemoglobins
Insect Pests
Oviposition Deterrance Activity in Some Lamiaceae Plants against Some Insect Pests
. . . .
Insulin
Effect of Glucocorticoids, Insulin and a Growth
Promoting Tripeptide on the Biosynthesis of
Plasma Proteins in Serum-Free Hepatocyte Cultures (N)
Interferon
On a Possible Mechanism of Action of Interferon
Iridaceae
The Coloration of Gladiolus. I. Survey of Anthocyanins in Petals of Gladiolus
Subject Index
900
Iridoids
Iridoids in Some Teucrium and Ajuga Species . 697
Iridoids in Clerodendrum
thomsonae Balf. f., Verbenaceae
708
Iron-Bi -Analogues
About the Iron Analogues of Cobalamin and
Cobyric Acid
9
Iron Stress
Effect of Vanadate and Iron Stress on the Pigment Composition of Chlorella Fusca
207
Isobutylmethylxanthine
Effect of Isobutylmethylxanthine and Related
Drugs on the Receptors Response (ERG;
a-Wave) of the Frog Retina at Various Extracellular Calcium Concentrations
597
Isophorcabilin
Chromophore Content and Molar Absorptivity
of Phytochrome in the P Form . . . . . . .
431
Isoscoparin
Methylation of 3',4' Di-OH C-Glycosylflavones
in Silene
486
2
679
40
910
r
586
*93
o«-^
JQQ
1 1 0
z / z
JH Biosynthesis
On the Specificity of Juvenile Hormone Biosynthesis in the male Cecropia Moth
579
Kalanchoe
bl.
Succulence - Induction in Kalanchoe
bloßfeldiana under Long-Day Conditiones by a Lipophyle Fraction out of Flowering Kalanchoe and
MS-Identification of Pterosterone
465
Kalmia
latifolia
Epicuticular Leaf Flavonoids from
Eucalyptus
Species and from Kalmia latifolia
913
7-Keto-cholesterol
Steroids of Human Thymi (N)
1086
Kinetic Properties
Co -Substituted Acylamino Acid Amido Hydrolase from Aspergillus
oryzae
751
Kok Effect
The Kok Effect and Its Relationship to Photorespiration in Tobacco
450
+2
4QQ
6 4 5
694
848
142
Lactic Dehydrogenase
Reassociation of Lactic Dehydrogenase from Pig
Heart Studied by Cross-Linking with Glutaraldehyde
Lactone
Dryopterin, a Novel C -Flavan from
Dryopteris
ßlix-mas
Lamiaceae
Oviposition Deterrance Activity in Some Lamiaceae Plants against Some Insect Pests . . . .
Lateral Line Afferents
Electroreceptors and Direction Specific Arrangement in the Lateral Line System of Salamanders?(N)
Lateral Line Efferents
Electroreceptors and Direction Specific Arrangement in the Lateral Line System of Salamanders? (N)
LeafWax
9(11)-Fernene and Its 21-Epimer as an Epicuticular Layer on Ferns (N)
Lectins
Effect of Lectins and Chemical Modification on
the Hemagglutinin Activity of Human Plasma
Fibronectin
772
17
142
964
1 2 2
-CA
323
378
607
122
493
493
896
863
Subject Index
Leukemia
Ascorbate Oxidase and Its Possible Involvement
in Cancer
Leukemia L1210
Specific Positional Distribution of Acyl Moieties
in Phospholipids is not Generally Deleted in
Neoplastic Cells
Li
Effect of Lithium Chloride on the Circadian
Rhythm in the Flight Activity of the Microchiropteran Bat, Taphozous melanopogon
. . .
Liehen Substances
Pannaric Acid and Prophyrilic Acid Methyl
Ester Liehen Substances in the Genus Psoroma
(N)
Life Cycle
Life Cycle of Sarcocystis between Poikilothermie
Hosts. Lizards are Intermediate Hosts for S. p o darcicolubris
sp. nov, Snakes Function as Definitive Hosts (N)
Lifetimes
Effects of Linolenic Acid on the Spectral Properties and Picosecond Fluorescence of Pea Chloroplasts
Ligase
Application of Liquid Chromatography to a
Study on 4-Coumarate: Coenzyme A Ligase Activity
Lignin
Incorporation of Chlorinated Anilines into Lignin
Liliaceae
Ferulic Acid-Sucrose Esters from Immature
Anthers of Tulipa cv. "Apeldoorn"
Liliopsida
The Cyanogenic Glycoside of Holcus mollis (N) .
Linolenic Acid
Effects of Linolenic Acid on the Spectral Properties and Picosecond Fluorescence of Pea Chloroplasts
Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition
Light-Dependent Changes in the Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Phycocyanin-Free
Photosynthetic Lamellae of Synechococcus
. .
Lipid Peroxidation
Stimulation of Wound Reactions in Potato
Tubers by Thiabendazole
Lipid Phase Transition
Temperature Induced Changes in the Absorption Spectra of Porphyridium
cruentum and
A naeystis nidulans
Lipid Transition Temperature
Different Protein Lipid Interaction in Human
Red Blood Cell Membrane of Rh Positive and
Rh Negative Blood Compared with Rh n
. .
Lipid Transport
Lipid Labelling in Intact Chloroplasts from Exogenous Nucleotide Precursors
Lipopolysaccharide
Three Dimensional Structure of the Carbohydrate Moiety of a Lipopolysaccharide. Computer Calculations
Liver Perfusion
Titration of Rat Liver with Digitonin: a Well
Defined Short Term Damage of Cellular Metabolism
Lizard
Life Cycle of Sarcocystis between Poikilothermie
Hosts. Lizards are Intermediate Hosts for S. p o -
804
81
+
nu
1068
893
1093
1021
197
714
721
336
1021
856
115
1013
1109
darcicolubris
sp. nov, Snakes Function as Definitive Hosts (N)
1093
Localization
Isolation and Partial Characterization of the
Membrane-Bound N A D H Dehydrogenase from
the Phototrophic Bacterium
Rhodopseudomonas
capsulata
400
Locusta
migratoria
Inhibition of Oogenesis and Ovarian Ecdysteroid
Synthesis by Azadirachtin in Locusta
migratoria
migratorioides
(R. & F.)
466
Long Spacing
Eitting of SAXS-Curves by Nonünear Regression
333
Low Temperature
Immooilization of Erythrocytes by Radiation Polymerization of Glass-Forming Monomers at
Low Temperatures
1062
Lung Cancer
Ascorbate Oxidase and Its Possible Involvement
in Cancer
804
Luteolin
Oxidation of Flavanones to Flavones with Flower Extracts of A n t i r r h i n u m majus (Snapdragon) . 737
Lymphatics
Vascular Specialization in Fish, but No Evidence
for Lymphatics (N)
490
Lymphocyte Chalone
Lymphocyte Chalone from Calf Thymus: Problems of Large Scale Extraction and Assay . . . 568
Lymphocyte Responsiveness
Lymphocyte Chalone from Calf Thymus: Problems of Large Scale Extraction and Assay . . . 568
Maize
Gaschromatographic, Mass- and Infrared-Spectrometric Identification of Cyclic Adenosme3': 5'-monophosphate (c-AMP) in Maize Seedlings (Zea mays)
Majorana hortensis M.
On the Essential Oil Components from
Majorana
hortensis Moench
Malate Synthase
Electrophoretic and Chemical Studies on the
X-Ray Damage of Malate Synthase
Mammalian Type-C Viruses
Purification of Murine and Feline Type-C Virus
Envelope Polypeptides as Micellar Protein Complexes (N)
Mandibular Glands
Pheromone Bouquet of the Mandibular Glands
in Andrena haemorrhoa
F. (Hym., Apoidea)
. .
Marine Diatoms
Photosynthetic Assimilation of N-Ammonia
and N-Nitrate in the Marine Diatoms Beilerochea yucatanensis
(von Stosch) and Skeletonema costatum
Mass-Spectrometry
Gaschromatographic, Mass- and Infrared-Spectrometric Identiiication of Cyclic Adenosine3': 5 -monophosphate (c-AMP) in Maize Seedlings (Zea mays)
The Kok Effect and Its Relationship to Photorespiration in Tobacco
Dependence of Photorespiration and Photosynthetic Unit Sizes on Two Interdependent Nuclear Gene Factors in Tobacco
Iroids in Clerodendrum
thomsonae
Balf. f., Verbenaceae
193
23
516
353
928
15
988
62
I5
193
/
71
880
834
450
619
708
Subject Index
1110
Matthiola
incana
Genetic Control of Chalcone Synthase Activity
in Flowers of Matthiola
incana R. Br
662
Anthocyanin Carrying Structures in Specific
Genotypes of Matthiola
incana R. Br
925
Media Effects
Medium-Induced Formation of Indole Alkaloids
and Concomitant Changes of Interrelated Enzyme Activities in Cell Suspension Cultures of
Catharanthus
roseus
40
Membrane
X-Ray Studies on Phospholipid Bilayers. I. Polymorphie Forms of Dimyristoyl Lecithin . . . .
875
Membrane-Bound
Molecular Forms of Purified Cytoplasmatic and
Membrane Bound Bovine-Brain-Acetylcholinesterase Solubilized by Different Methods . . . 968
Membrane Ghosts
ATP Synthesis and Generation of Electrochemical Gradients of Proton in the Catecholamine
Storage Organelle of the Adrenal Medulla
. . 1056
Membrane-Phioretin Interaction
Interaction of Phloretin with the Human Red
Cell Membrane and Membrane Lipids: Evidence from Infrared, Raman and ESR Spectroscopy
586
Membrane Vesicles
A H /Ca
Antiporter in Membranes of
Microsomal Vesicles from Maize Coleoptiles, a
Secondary Energized C a Pump
1099
Mesophyll Protoplasts
Distribution of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
and 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase in Oat Primary
LeafTissues
389
Metablic Compartmentation
Titration of Rat Liver with Digitonin: a Well
Defined Short Term Damage of Cellular Metabolism
880
Metabolism
Carotenoids in the Stick Insect, Ectatosoma
tiaratum Isolation of ß,e-Caroten-2-ol and ß,eCaroten- 2-one
755
C -Metabolism
C -Metabolism in Marine Brown Macrophytic
Algae
840
Methemoglobin
Altered Herne Environments in Opossum and
Rabbit Methemoglobins
964
1 -Methyl-3-carboxy-o,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
Biosynthesis of 3-Carboxy-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4tetrahydroisoquinoline and l-Methyl-3-carboxy6,7-dinydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline in
a Callus Culture of Stizolobium
hassjoo
. . . .
921
Methyl Corrinoids
Coa/Co/J-Isomerism of the Cobalt Methylated
Corrinoids. CD and ORD Spectra of Several
Isomer Pairs
497
Methylation
Methylation of 3',4' Di-OH C-Glucosylflavones
in Silene (N)
486
O-Methyltransferase
Polymethylated Flavonols of
Chrysosplenium
americanum.
I. Identification and Enzymatic
Synthesis
730
Micellar Complexes
Purification of Murine and Feline Type-C Virus
Envelope Polypeptides as Micellar Protein Complexes (N)
353
+
2 +
2+
4
4
Microbial Acylamino Acid Amido Hydrolase
Co -Substituted Acylamino Acid Amido Hydrolase from Aspergillus
oryzae
751
Mode of Action
The Effect of Clotrimazole and Triadimefon on
3-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-Glutaryl-CoA-Reductase[EC 1.1.1.34]Activity in Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
798
Model syn and anti Conformations
Solution Conformation of Benzimidazole Nucleosides with the Aid of Model Analogues . . 126
Molecular Forms
Molecular Forms of Purified Cytoplasmatic and
Membrane Bound Bovine-Brain-Acetylcholinesterase Solubilized by Different Methods . . . 968
Molecular Structures
Influence of Crystal Packing Forces on Molecular Structure in 4-Thiouridine. Comparison of
anti and syn Forms
956
Monoclonal Antibodies
An Evolutionary Tree Based on Monoclonal
Antibody-Recognized Surface Features of a
Plastid Enzyme (5-Aminolevulinate Dehydratase)
44
Monoterpenes
Volatile Terpenes from Ceratocystis
ßmbriata
(N)
1075
Morphology
Binding of Polylysine and Ethidium Bromide to
Nucleosomal DNA: Comparison of Biochemical
and Electron Microscopical Results
149
Mouse
The Specific Labeling in Hypertonie Medium of
a Spleen Protein (N)
183
Thalidomide-Like Malformations Caused by a
Tween Surfactant in Mice (N)
904
Mushrooms
Cadmium as a Growth Factor for the Mushroom
Agricus abruptibulbus
(Peck) Kauffmann . . . 765
Mycelium
Cadmium as a Growth Factor for the Mushroom
Agricus abruptibulbus
(Peck) Kauffmann . . . 765
Myosin S1
0-Exchange by Hydrolyzing Enzymes: An ab
initio Calculation
534
NAD -Model
The Pressure Dependence of the Rotation of the
N-Aralkylpyridinium Moiety in a Synthetic
N A D Model System Studied by High Pressure
HRNMR
366
+2
18
+
4-
NADH
Pressure, Temperature and pH Dependence of
the Absorption Spectrum of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
N A D H Dehydrogenase
Isolation and Partial Characterization of the
Membrane-Bound N A D H Dehydrogenase from
the Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodopseuäomonas
capsulata
N-Labelled Amino Acids
Photosynthetic Assimilation of N-Ammonia
and N-Nitrate in the Marine Diatoms Bellerochea yucatanensis
(von Stosch) and Skeletonema costatum
Naphthoquinones
The Inhibition of Photosynthetic Light Reactions
by Halogenated Naphthoquinones
84
400
15
15
15
834
645
Subject Index
Neural Coding
A Simple Coding Procedure Enhances a
Neuron s Information Capacity (N)
Neurosarcoma
Specific Positional Distribution of Acyl Moieties
in Phospholipids is not Generally Deleted in
Neoplastic Cells
Nicotiana
tabacum
Effects of Glyphosate on Shikimic Acid Accumulation in Tobacco Cell Cultures with Low
and High Yields of Cinnamoyl Putrescines
. .
New Cembranoids from Burley Tobacco (N)
.
N itrodiphenylethers
Multifunctional Mode of Action of Substituted
Nitrodiphenylethers in Scenedesmus Cells . . .
Nitrogen Fixation
Molecular Characterization of Glutamine Synthetase from the Nitrogen-Fixing Phototrophic
Bacterium Rhodopseuäomonas palustris
. . . .
Nitrate
Nitrate Photo-Assimilation by the Phototrophic
Bacterium Rhodopseuäomonas capsulata ExFj .
Nitrate Reductase
Nitrate Photo-Assimilation by the Phototrophic
Rhodopseuäomonas capsulata EiFi
Nitrite
Nitrate Photo-Assimilation by the Phototrophic
Bacterium Rhodopseuäomonas capsulata E ^
.
CNMR Data
On the Essential Oil Components from
Majorana
hortensis Moench
On the Essential Oil Components from Artemisia
absinthium
L
P-NMR
Preparation of 5',5"-Phosphate Linked Dinucleosides
O-Exchange by Hydrolyzing Enzymes: An ab
initio Calculation
0-Exchange by Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Extension of the Model to P/ Molecules with Inequivalent Oxygen Atoms in the Bound State . . .
NMR
The Pressure Dependence of the Rotation of the
N-Aralkylpyridinium Moiety in a Synthetic
N A D Model System Studied by High Pressure
HRNMR
Iridoids in Clerodendrum
thomsonae
Balf., f.,
Verbenaceae
Nonionic Surfactant Tween 20
Thalidomide-Like Malformations Caused by a
Tween Surfactant in Mice
Nonlinear Polarisationoscillations
Nonlinear Polarisa tionoscillations in a Biophysical Model-System I: Internal Dynamics . . . .
Notholaena
fendleri
Unusual Flavonones from a Rare American
Fern
Novel Flavanone
Unusual Flavanones from a Rare American
Fern
Novel Flavonoid
Epicuticular Leaf Flavonoids from
Eucalyptus
Species and from Kalmia latifolia
Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Kinase
Preferential Pnosphorylation of High Mobility
Group Protein 1/ in vitro by a Nuclear Protein
Kinase
Nuclear Ecdysteroid Receptors
Isolation of Nuclei from Crayfish Tissues and
910
81
210
1077
633
246
Demonstration of Nuclear Ecdysteroid Receptors
Nuclei
Isolation of Nuclei from Crayfish Tissues and
Demonstration of Nuclear Ecdysteroid Receptors
Nucleic Acids
Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange in Adenosine
5'-Monophosphate Detected by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)
Nucleosomes
Binding of Polylysine and Ethidium Bromide to
Nucleosomal DNA: Comparison of Biochemical
and Electron Microscopical Results
Nucleotidases
0-Exchange by Hydrolyzing Enzymes: An ab
initio Calculation
Nucleus
Intracellular Effect of Hydroxyalkenals on Animal Tumors
1111
326
326
809
149
18
534
572
1025
1025
1025
23
369
31
135
lö
534
18
539
+
366
708
904
888
604
604
913
319
Oat Leaf Development
Distribution of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
and 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase in Oat Primary
Leaf Tissues
Olfactory Communication
Mammalian Pheromone Studies, IV. Terpenoid
Compounds and Hydroxy Esters from the Dorsal Gland of the Springbok, Antidorcas
marsupialis (N)
Mammalian Pheromone Studies, V. Compounds
from the Preorbitai Gland of the Grysbok,
Raphicerus melanotis (N)
Ovary
Inhibition of Oogenesis and Ovarian Ecdysteroid
Synthesis by Azadirachtin in Locusta
migratoria
migratorioides
R. & F.)
Oviposition-Deterrance
Oviposition Deterrance Activity in Some Lamiaceae Plants against Some Insect Pests . . . .
Oxidoreductases
Pressure, Temperature and pH Dependence of
the Absorption Spectrum or Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
2-Oxo-carotenoids
Carotenoids in the Stick Insect, Ectatosoma
tiaratum Isolation
of /J,£-Caroten-2-ol and ß,eCaroten- 2-one
Oxygen
Direct Allosteric Interaction of Oxygen and Bicarbonate: N-Acetyl-alanyl-seryl-phenylalanine,
N-Terminal Sequence oi the ß-Chains of the
Haemoglobins of Nil Crocodile (Crocoäylus
niloticus)
and Mississippi Crocodile
(Alligator
mississippiensis)
(N)
Oxygen Activation
Isolation and Identification of an Oxygen Reducing Factor (ORF) from Isolated Spinach
Choloroplast Lamellae
Paeonia
"Yellow Flavonols" as Components of Pollen
Pigmentation
PAGE
Electophoretic and Chemical Studies on the
X-Ray Damage of Malate Synthase
389
340
344
466
122
84
755
902
284
204
516
Subject Index
1112
Pannaric Acid
Pannaric Acid and Prophyrilic Acid Methyl
Ester Liehen Substances in the Genus Psoroma
(N)
893
Para-O-Methyltransferase
The Para-0-Methylation
of Apigenin to
Acacetin by Cell-Free Extracts of
Robinia
pseudoacacia
L
916
Partial Hepatectomy
Glucagon-Like Immunoreactivity (GLI) in
Blood Plasma of Partially Hepatectomized Rats
464
Pepsin Digestion
Preparation and Properties of Chromopeptides
from the P&Form ofPhytochrome
440
P Peptide
Preparation and Properties of Chromopeptides
from the Pf Form ofPhytochrome
440
Peptide Conformations
A Program Package for the Analysis of Peptide
Conformations on the TR 440 (N)
347
Peptide Maps
Purification of Murine and Feline Type-C Virus
Envelope Polypeptides as Micellar Protein Complexes (N)
353
Permeability
Subcellular Compartmentation of Indole-3acetic Acid in Mesophyll Cells of
Spinacia
oleracea
679
Permeability Coefficients
The Permeability Coefficients of the Plasmalemma and the Chloroplast Envelope of Spinach Mesopyll Cells for Phytohormones . . . .
672
Peroxidase
Incorporation of Chlorinated Anilines into Lignin
714
Petroselinum
hortense
Conversion of Flavanone to Flavone, Dihydroflavonol and Flavonol with and Enzyme System from Cell Cultures of Parsley
742
Phage T 4
Partial Denaturation Mapping of Phage T 4
DNA at Low Temperature
980
Phase Transition Temperatures
Arrhenius Plots Indicate Localization of Photosynthetic and Respiratory Electron Transport in
Different Membrane Regions ofAnabaena
. . 1036
Phenolic Acids
Analysis of Phenolic Acids by High Performance
Liquid Chromatography Using a Step-Wise
Gradient
357
Phenylmalonic Semialdehyde
Chemical Synthesis of a-Formylphenylacetic
Acid, the Postulated Precursor of Tropic Acid . 611
[ C]Phenylpropanoid Incorporation
Incorporation of [ C]Phenylalanine and l C]
Cinnamic Acid into Leaf Pieces and Mesophyll
Protoplasts from Oat Primary Leaves for Studies
on Flavonoid Metabolism at the Tissue and Cell
Level
222
Phenylpropanoids
Distribution of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
and 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase in Oat Primary
Leaf Tissues
389
On the Composition of the Essential Oil from
A r t e m i s i a dracunculus
L. during the Vegetation
Period
724
Pheromones
Mammalian Pheromone Studies, IV. Perpenoid
Compounds and Hydroxy Esters from the Dorfr
r
14
14
1 4
sal Gland of the Springbok, Antidorcas
marsupialis (N)
Pheromone Bouquet of the Mandibular Glands
in Andrena haemorrhoa
F. (Hym., Apoidea)
. .
Mammalian Pheromone Studies, V. Compounds
from the Preorbital Gland of the Grysbok,
Raphicerus
melanotis
5',5"-Phosphate Bridged Dinucleosides
Preparation of y,5"-Phosphate Linked Dinucleosides
Phosphatidylcholine
Sinapine as a Supply of Choline for the Biosynthesis of Phospnatidylcholine in
Raphanus
sativus Seedlings
Phosphoüpids
Specific Positional Distribution of Acyl Moieties
in Phospholipids is not Generally Deleted in
Neoplastic Cells
Sinapine as a Supply of Choline for the Biosynthesis of Phospnatidylcholine in
Raphanus
sativus Seedlings
X-Ray Studies on Phospholipid Bilayers I. Polymorphie Forms of Dimyristoyl Lecithin . . . .
Phosphorylation
Preferential Phosphorylation of High Mobility
Group Protein 1/ in vitro by a Nuclear Protein
Kinase
Phosvitin
Are Yolk Phosvitins Carriers for Specific
Cations? Comparative Microanalysis in Vertebrate Yolk Platelets
Photoassimilation
Nitrate Photo-Assimilation by the Phototrophic
Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas
capsulata E F
Photorespiration
Dependence of Photorespiration and Photosynthetic Unit Sizes on Two Interdependent Nuclear Gene Factors in Tobacco
Photosynthetic Bacteria
J2,10-Phytadienol as Esterifying Alcohol of Bacteriochlorophyll b from
Ectothiorhodospira
halochloris
Photosynthetic Electron Transport
Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron Transport
by the Quinone Antagonist UHDBT
Isolation and Identification of an Oxygen Reducing Factor (ORF) from Isolated Spinach
Choloroplast Lamellae
Two Sites of Inhibition of the Photosynthetic
Electron Transport Chain by the Herbicide Trifluralin
Multifunctional Mode of Action of Substituted
Nitrodiphenylethers in Scenedesmus Cells . . .
Photosynthetic Units
Dependence of Photorespiration and Photosynthetic Unit Sizes on Two Interdependent Nuclear Gene Factors in Tobacco
Photosynthesis
Trypsin-Mediated Removal of Herbicide Binding Sites within the Photosystem II Complex . .
^d2,10-Phytadienol as Esterifying Alcohol of Bacteriochlorophyll b from Ectothiorhodospira
halochloris
Effect of Hydrogen Ion Concentration on the
Absorption Spectrum and Fluorescence Life
Time of Chloroplasts
The Inhibition of Photosynthetic Light Reactions
by Halogenated Naphthoquinones
1
1
340
928
344
135
215
81
215
875
319
686
1025
662
417
272
284
853
633
662
98
417
638
645
Subject Index
Evidence for a Transcarboxylase Reaction in
Maize Chloroplast Extracts
Pyropheophytin a Accompanies Pheophytin a in
Darkened Light Grown Cells of Euglena
. . .
C -Metabolism in Marine Brown Macrophytic
Algae
Mode of Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron
Transport by Substituted Diphenylethers . . .
Temperature Induced Changes in the Absorption Spectra of Porphyridium
cruentum and
Anacystis nidulans
Effects of Linolenic Acid on the Spectral Properties and Picosecond Fluorescence of Pea Chloroplasts
Arrhenius Plots Indicate Localization of Photosynthetic and Respiratory Electron Transport in
Different Membrane Regions of Anabaena
. .
Comparative Binding of Photosystem II - Herbicides to Isolated Thylakoid Membranes and Intact Green Algae
Photosystem II
Which Polypeptides Are Characteristic for
Photosystem II? Analysis of Active Photosystem
II Particles from the Blue-Green Alga Anacystis
nidulans
Site of Action of 2,5-Dimethoxy-3,6-Dichioroo-Benzoquinone in the Photosynthetic Electron
Transport Chain
Phototrophic Bacteria
Molecular and Kinetic Characterization of Xanthine Dehydrogenase from the Phototrophic
Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas
capsulata
. . .
Phycobili Proteins
Chromophore Content and Molar Absorptivity
of Phytochrome in the P Form
Temperature Induced Changes in the Absorption Spectra of Phorphyridium
cruentum and
A nacystis nidulans
Phycocyanin-Free Lamellae
Light-Dependent Changes in the Lipid and
Fatty Acid Composition of Phycocyanin-Free
Photosynthetic Lamallae of Synechococcus
. .
Phylloquinone
Partition of Phylloquinone K between Digitonin Particles and Chlorophyll-Proteins of
Chloroplast Membranes from Nicotiana tabacum
Phyllospaaix
scouleri
Analysis of Phenolic Acids by High Performance
Liquid Chromatography Using a Step-Wise
Gradient
Physical-Chemical Data
Enzymatic Preparation and Properties of Some
Desulfoglucosinolates
Phytic Acid Biosynthesis
Radioactively Labelled Phytic Acid from Maturing Seeds of Sinapis alba
Phytoalexins
Induction of Phytoalexin Synthesis in Soybean.
Structure and Reactions of Naturally Occurring
and Enzymatically Prepared Prenylated Pterocarpans from Elicitor-Treated Cotyledons and
Cell Cultures of Soybean
Phytochrome
Preparation and Properties of Chromopeptides
from the P Form of Phytochrome
Phytochromobilin Peptide
Preparation and Froperties of Chromopeptides
from the Pf Form ofPhytochrome
688
827
4
r
840
848
1013
1021
1036
1041
295
r
942
672
633
907
204
856
896
4
656
933
431
1013
856
t
fr
Phytoflagellate Chlorogonium
elongatum
Regulation of the Synthesis of Ribulose-1,5bisphosphate Carboxylase and Its Subunits in
the Flagellate Chlorogonium
elongatum.
II.
Coordinated Synthesis of the Large and Small
Subunits
Phytohormones
The Permeability Coefficients of the Plasmalemma and the Chloroplast Envelope of Spinach Mesophyll Cells for Phytohormones
. . .
Pigment Bleaching
Multifunctional Mode of Action of Substituted
Nitrodiphenylethers in Scenedesmus Cells . . .
Pigment Composition
Ultrastructure of Differently Pigmented Synechococcus
Cells (N)
Pigmentation
"Yellow Flavonols" as Components of Pollen
Pigmentation
Light-Dependent Changes in the Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Phycoyanin-Free Photosynthetic Lamellae of Synechococcus
Planogyra
formosana
9(11)-Fernene and Its 21-Epimer as an Epicuticular Layer on Ferns (N)
C Plants
Evidence for a Transcarboxylase Reaction in
Maize Chloroplast Extracts (N)
Plasma Proteins
Effect of Glucocorticoids, Insulin and a Growth
Promoting Tripeptide on the Biosynthesis of
Plasma Proteins in Serum-Free Hepatocyte Cultures (N)
Plasmalemma
The Permeability Coefficients of the Plasmalemma and the Chloroplast Envelope of Spinach Mesophyll Cells for Pnytohormones
. . .
Plastoquinone
Mode of Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron
Transport by Substituted Diphenylethers . . .
Poaceae
Application of Liquid Chromatography to a
Study on 4-Coumarate: Coenzyme A Ligase Activity
The Cyanogenic Glycoside of Holcus mollis (N)
Poliovirus
Chemical Analysis and Structure of Poliovirus. I.
Cysteine/Cystine Content, Complete Amino
Acid Analysis and Hydrophobicity of Poliovirus
and Its Naturally Occurring Empty Capsids . .
Pollen
"Yellow Flavonols" as Components of Pollen
Pigmentation
Polyamide Column Chromatography
Application of Liquid Chromatography to a
Study on 4-Coumarate: Coenzyme A Ligase Activity
Polyethylene Glycol
Discrimination of Two Fusogenic Properties of
Aqueous Polyethylene Glycol Solutions . . . .
Polyhedral Bodies
Ultrastructure of Differently Pigmented Synechococcus
Cells (N)
Polylysine
binding of Polylysine and Ethidium Bromide to
Nucleosomal DNA: Comparison of Biochemical
and Electron Microscopical Results
Polymethylated Flavonols
Polymethylated Flavonols of
Chrysosplenium
1113
276
357
16
383
234
440
440
688
350
672
848
197
336
164
204
197
593
907
149
1114
Subject Index
americanum.
I. Identification and Enzymatic
Synthesis
730
Polypeptides
Which Polypeptides Are Characteristic for
Photosystem II? Analysis of Active Photosystem II Particles from the Blue-Green Alga
A nacystis nidulans
295
Polypodiaceae
Unusual Flavanones from a Rare American
Fern
604
Dryopterin, a Novel C -Flavan from Dryopteris
ßlix-mas
607
9(11)-Fernene and Its 21-Epimer as an Epicuticular Layer on Ferns (N)
896
Polypodium
glaucinum
9(11)-Fernene and Its 21-Epimer as an Epicuticular Layer on Ferns (N)
896
Porphyrilic Acid Methyl Ester
Pannaric Acid and Prophyrilic Acid Methyl Ester Liehen Substances in the Genus Psoroma
. . 893
Positional Distribution of Acyl Moieties
Specific Positional Distribution of Acyl Moieties
in Phospholipids is not Generally Deleted in
Neoplastic Cells
81
Potato Virus
Isolation and Morphological Characterization of
the Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV)
884
Precipitation Reaction
Tne Isolation of Antibodies Specific for
5-Methyl-Cytidine-Bovine Serum Albumin . . 459
4-Pregnene-3,20-dione
Steroids of Human Thymi (N)
1086
Primary Leaf Tissues
Incorporation of [ C]Phenylalanine and [* C]
Cinnamic Acid into Leaf Pieces and Mesophyll
Protoplasts from Oat Primary Leaves for Studies
on Flavonoid Metabolism at the Tissue and Cell
Level
222
Prolamellar Bodies
Esterification of Chlorophyllide in Prolamellar
Body (PLB) and Prothylakoid (PT) Fractions
from A vena sativa Etioplasts
58
Red Light Induced Change in the Saponin Content of Prolammelar Bodies in A vena sativa
. . 869
Proliferation
The Effect of Glucosone on the Proliferation and
Energy Metabolism of in vitro Grown Ehrlich
Ascites Tumor Cells
255
Protamine
Protamines. VII. Circular Dichroism Study of
Salmine A I
305
Protection and Repair by Dithiothreitol
Electophoretic and Chemical Studies on the
X-Ray Damage of Malate Synthase
516
Protein
The Specific Labeling in Hypertonie Medium of
a Spleen Protein (N)
183
Protein Kinases
Protein Kinases in HeLa Cells and in Human
Cervix Carcinoma
552
Protein-Lipid Interaction
Different Protein-Lipid Interaction in Human
Red Blood Cell Membrane of Rh Positive and
Rh Negative Blood Compared with Rh n
. . 988
Protein Molecules
Aspartic Acid-Aspartate and Glutamic AcidGlutamate Hydrogen Bonds Having Great Proton Polarizability - IR Investigations
961
17
14
4
nu
Protein Thiols
Intracellular Effect of Hydroxyalkenals on Animal Tumors
572
Protein Synthesis
Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Yeast: Binding
ofMet-tRNAi
142
Protochlorophyllide
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis: Various Chlorophyllides as Exogenous Substrates for Chlorophyll Synthetase
51
Red Light Induced Change in the Saponin Content of Prolamellar Bodies in A v e n a sative
. . . 869
Proton Polarizability
Aspartic Acid-Aspartate and Glutamic AcidGlutamate Hydrogen Bonds Having Great Proton Polarizability - IR Investigations
961
Proton Pump
Properties of an ATP-Fueled, Cl"-Dependent
Proton Pump Localized in Membranes of
Microsomal Vesicles from Maize Coleoptiles . . 997
Protoplasts
Incorporation of [ C]Phenylalanine and [*
C]Cinnamic Acid into Leaf Pieces and Mesophyll Protoplasts from Oat Primary Leaves for
Studies on Flavonoid Metabolism at the Tissue
and Cell Level
222
Pseudomonas
sp.
7-Hydroxy Tropolone from Pseudomonas
sp. [1] . 728
Psoroma
Pannaric Acid and Prophyrilic Acid Methyl Ester Liehen Substances in the Genus Psoroma (N). 893
Pterocarpans
Induction of Phytoalexin Synthesis in Soybean.
Structure and Reactions of Naturally Occurring
and Enzymatically Prepared Prenylated Pterocarpans from Elicitor-Treated Cotyledons and
Cell Cultures of Soybean
234
Pterosterone
Succulence - Induction in Kalanchoe
bloßfeldiana under Long-Day Conditiones by a Lipophyle Fraction out of Flowering Kalanchoe and
MS-Identification of Pterosterone
465
Pulmonary Tumors
Paramagnetic Changes in Pulmonary Tumors
5
Ca Pump
A H / ( J a Anti porter in Membranes of Microsomal Vesicles from Maize Coleoptiles, a Secondary Energized C a Pump
1009
Purification
Purification of Murine and Feline Type-C Virus
Envelope Polypeptides as Micellar Protein Com>lexes
353
solation and Partial Characterization of the
Membrane-Bound N A D H Dehydrogenase from
the Phototrophic Bacterium
Rhodopseudomonas
capsulata
400
Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate
Interactions between Tryptophan Synthase from
Escherichia
coli and Derivatives of the Coenzyme Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate
778
Primidine Tracts
Physico-Chemical Characteristics of DNA Chromatin Fractions from Calf Thymus
361
Pyrochlorophyllide a,
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis: Various Chlorophyllides as Exogenous Substrates for Chlorophyll Synthase
51
14
4
2
+
+
2+
2+
?
Subject Index
Pyrones
Flavonoid Glycosides and Pyrones in A n i b a
Species (Lauraceae)
Pyropheophytin
Pyropneophytin a Accompanies Pheophytin a in
Darkenea Light Grown Cells of E u g l e n a
. . .
Pyruvate Metabolism
I n vivo Evidence for a Functional Glycolytic
Compartment in Synchronous Yeast Cells . . .
Quinone
Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron Transport
by the Quinone Antagonist UHDBT
Quinones and Quinonediamines
Site of Action of 2,5-Dimethoxy-3,6-Dichloro/7-Benzoquinone in the Photosynthetic Electron
Transport Chain
385
827
615
272
656
Radiation Damage
Electrophoretic and Chemical Studies on the
X-Ray Damage of Malate Synthase
516
Radiation Damage to Polypeptides and Proteins
in the Solid State, II Radiolysis of Poly-L-Glutamic Acid (N)
1091
Radiation Damage to Proteins
Radiation Damage to Polypeptides and Proteins
in the Solid State: Changes in Amino Acid
Composition
310
Radiation Polymerization
Immobilization of Ery throcy tes by Radiation Polymerization of Glass-Forming Monomers at
Low Temperatures
1062
Raphanus
Sinapine as a Supply of Choline for the Biosynthesis of Phospnatidylcholine in
Raphanus
sativus Seedlings
215
Rat
Titration of Rat Liver with Digitonin: a Well
Defined Short Term Damage of Cellular Metabolism
880
Rat Hepatocytes
Effect of Glucocorticoids, Insulin and a Growth
Promoting Tripeptide on the Biosynthesis of
Plasma Proteins in Serum-Free Hepatocyte Cultures (N)
350
Reassociation
Reassociation of Lactic Dehydrogenase from Pig
Heart Studied by Cross-Linking with Glutaraldehyde
772
Receptor Protein
Trypsin-Mediated Removal of Herbicide Binding Sites within the Photosystem II Complex . .
98
Receptor Specifity
Receptor Specifity and Threshold Concentration
in Chemotaxis of the Phaeophyte Cutleria m u l t i flda
262
Reconstitution
Reassociation of Lactic Dehydrogenase from Pig
Heart Studied by Cross-Linking with Glutaraldehyde
772
Red Lieht
Red Lieht Induced Change in the Saponin Content of Prolamellar Bodies in A vena sativa
. . . 869
Redox Potential
Is there an Equilibrium between Ascorbic and
Dehydroascorbic Acids? (N)
1088
Regulation
Regulation of the Synthesis of Ribulose-1,5bisphosphate Carboxylase and Its Subunits in
1115
the Flagellate Chlorogonium
elongatum.
II.
Coordinated Synthesis of the Large and Small
Subunits
942
Reptilia
Direct Allosteric Interaction of Oxygen and Bicarbonate: N-Acetyl-alanyl-seryl-phenylalanine,
N-Terminal Sequence of the ß-Chains of the
Haemoglobins of N i l Crocoaile
(Crocodylus
niloticus)
and Mississippi Crocodile
(Alligator
mississippiensis)
(N)
902
Resonance Frequency
Rotation ot Celle in an Alternating Electric
Field: the Occurrence of a Resonance Frequency
173
Respiration
Arrhenius Plots Indicate Localization of Photosynthetic and Respiratory Electron Transport in
Different Membrane Regions ofAnabaena
. . 1036
Rhodopseudomonas
capsulata
Isolation and Partial Characterization of the
Membrane-Bound N A D H Dehydrogenase from
the Phototrophic Bacterium
Rhodopseudomonas
capsulata
400
Molecular and Kinetic Characterization of Xanthine Dehydrogenase from the Phototrophic
Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas
capsulata
. . . 932
Nitrate Photo-Assimilation by the Phototrophic
Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas
capsulata E ^ j . 1025
Rhodopseudomonas
palustris
Molecular Characterization of Glutamine Synthetase from the Nitrogen-Fixing Phototrophic
Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas
palustris . . . .
246
Regulatory Properties of Glutamine Synthetase
from the Nitrogen-Fixing Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas
palustris
784
Rhodopseudomonas
sphaeroides
I n Vivo Control of Glutamine Synthetase in the
Facultative Phototrophic Bacterium
Rhodopseudomonas
sphaeroides
407
Ribulose- 1,5-bispnosphate Carboxylase
Regulation of the Synthesis of Ribulose-1,5bisphosphate Carboxylase and Its Subunits in
the Flagellate Chlorogonium
elongatum.
II.
Coordinated Synthesis of the Large and Small
Subunits
942
Robinia
pseudoacacia
The Para-O-Methylation of Apigenin to
Acacetin by Cell-Free Extracts of R o b i n i a
pseudoacacia
L
916
Rumex
"Yellow Flavonols" as Components of Pollen
Pigmentation
204
Ruta
graveolens
Rutacridone-epoxide, a New Acridone Alkaloid
from Ruta graveolens
200
Rutaceae
Rutacridone-epoxide, a New Acridone Alkaloid
from Ruta graveolens
200
Rutacridone-Epoxide
Rutacridone-epoxide, a New Acridone Alkaloid
from Ruta graveolens
200
Salmine
Protamines. VII. Circular Dichroism Study of
Salmine A I
Salts
Discrimination of Two Fusogenic Properties of
Aqueous Polyethylene Glycol Solutions . . . .
305
593
1116
Subject Index
Saponin
Red Light Induced Change in the Saponin Content of Prolamellar Bodies in A vena sativa
. . . 869
Sarcocystis
Life Cycle of Sarcocystis between Poikilothermie
Hosts. Lizards are Intermediate Hosts for S. p o darcicolubris
sp. nov, Snakes Function as Definitive Hosts
1093
Sarcoma 180
Specific Positional Distribution of Acyl Moieties
in Phospholipids is not Generally Deleted in
Neoplastic Cells
81
Satellite DNA Evolution
A Family of Sequences with Regional Homology
to Bovine 1.715 Satellite DNA
973
1.715, 1.711b Satellite DNAs
A Family of Sequences with Regional Homology
to Bovine 1.715 Satellite DNA
973
Secondary Structure Prediction
Protamines. VII. Circular Dichroism Study of
Salmine A I
305
Senecio
cruentus
aß-Dehydrocurvularin and Curvularin from A lternaria cinerariae (N)
1081
Sensitivity Threshold
Receptor Specifity and Threshold Concentration
in Chemotaxis of the Phaeophyte Cutleria m u l t i fida
262
Sex Pheromone
A Sex Attractant for Sperchia intractana Walker
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand (N) . 178
Drosophila
Males Produce a Pheromone which
Inhibits Courtship
694
Sexual Behavior
Drosophila
Males Produce a Pheromone which
Inhibits Courtship (N)
694
Shikimic Acid
Effects of Glyphosate on Shikimic Acid Accumulation in Tobacco Cell Cultures with Low
and High Yields of Cinnamoyl Putrescines
. . 210
Signal-Receptor
Receptor Specifity and Threshold Concentration
in Chemotaxis or the Phaeophyte Cutleria m u l t i fida
262
Silene
Structure and Biosynthesis of Vitexin 2"-0-Xyloside in Silene alba (N)
484
Methylation of 3',4' Di-OH C-Glycosylflavones
in Silene (N)
486
Sinapine
Sinapine as a Supply of Choline for the Biosyntnesis of Phospnatidylcholine in
Raphanus
sativus Seedlings
215
Sinapis alba
Radioactively Labelled Phytic Acid from Maturing Seeds of Sinapis alba
383
Small Angel X-Ray Diffraction
Fitting of SAXS-Curves by Nonlinear Regression (N)
333
Solanaceae
New Cembranoids from Burley Tobacco (N) . . 1077
Solanum tuberosum L.
Stimulation of Wound Reactions in Potato
Tubers by Thiabendazole
115
Solid State Radiolysis
Radiation Damage to Polypeptides and Proteins
in the Solid State: Changes in Amino Acid
Composition
310
Soybean
Induction of Phytoalexin Synthesis in Soybean.
Structure and Reactions of Naturally Occurring
and Enzymatically Prepared Prenylated Pterocarpans from Elicitor-Treated Cotyledons and
Cell Cultures of Soybean
234
CD Spectra
Coa/Coß-Isomerism of the Cobalt Methylated
Corrinoids. CD and ORD Spectra of Several
Isomer Pairs
497
ORD Spectra
Coa/Co/Msomerism of the Cobalt Methylated
Corrinoids. CD and ORD Spectra of Several
Isomer Pairs
497
Spectroscopy
Chromophore Content and Molar Absorptivity
of Phytochrome in the P Form
431
Sperchia
intractana
A Sex Attractant for Sperchia intractana Walker
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand (N) . 178
Spin Concentration
Paramagnetic Changes in Pulmonary Tumors .
5
On a Possible Mechanism of Action of Interferon
323
Spin State
Altered Herne Environments in Opossum and
Rabbit Methemoglobins
964
Spinach
The Permeability Coefficients of the Plasmalemma and the Chloroplast Envelope of Spinach Mesophyll Cells for Phytohormones
. . .
672
Spinach Chloroplast Lamellae
Isolation and Identification of an Oxygen Reducing Factor (ORF) from Isolated Spinach
Cholorplast Lamellae
284
Spinacea
oleracea
"Yellow Flavonols" as Components of Pollen
Pigmentation
204
Properties and Subcellular Localization of L-Alanine: Aldehyde Aminotransferase: Concept of
an Ubiquitous Plant Enzyme Involved in Secondary Metabolism
625
Spiroacetals
Pheromone Bouquet of the Mandibular Glands
in A n d r e n a haemorrhoa F. (Hym., Apoidea)
. . 928
Spleen
The Specific Labeling in Hypertonie Medium of
a Spleen Protein (N)
183
Spodoptera
littoralis
Fatty Acid Composition of Eggs during Development of the Cotton Leaf-Worm, Spodoptera
littoralis Boisduval
562
Springene
Mammalian Pheromone Studies, IV. Terpenoid
Compounds and Hydroxy Esters from the Dorsal Gland of the Springbok, A n t i d o r c a s marsupialis (N)
340
Stability of Chlorophylls
Light-Induced Accumulation and Stability of
Chlorophylls and Chlorophyll-Proteins during
Chloroplast Development in Radish Seedlings
421
Steroidal
High Performance Liquid Chromatographie
Analysis of Steroidal Saponins from Avena
sativa
L.
1072
Sterol Biosynthesis
The Effectt of Clotrimazole and Triadimefon on
3-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-Glutaryl-CoA-Reductase[EC 1.1.1.34]Activity in Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
798
r
Subject Index
Sterylglucosides
Initial Phases of Growth Induced by Sterylglucosides and Indole-3-acetic Acid in
Avena
900
Coleoptiles (N)
Stick Insects
Carotenoids in the Stick Insect, Ectatosoma
tia r a t u m Isolation of ß,f-Caroten-2-ol and ß,e755
Caroten-2-one
Stizolobium
hassjoo
Biosynthesis of 3-Carboxy-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4tetrahydroisoquinoline and 1-Methyl-3-carboxy6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline in
a Callus Culture of Stizolobium
hassjoo
. . . . 921
Strain Specificity
Volatile Terpenes from Ceratocystis
ßmbriata
(N)
1075
Strictosidine Synthase
Medium-Induced Formation of Indole Alkaloids
and Concomitant Changes of Interrelated Enzyme Activities in Cell Suspension Cultures of
40
C a t h a r a n t h u s roseus
Stridulation
An Audiospectrographic Study of Male Stridulation in the Genus Corixa Geoffr. (Hemiptera,
189
Corixidae)
Structure
Three Dimensional Structure of the Carbohydrate Moiety of a Lipopolysaccharide. Com71
puter Calculations
Subcellular Localization
Properties and Subcellular Localization of L-Alanine: Aldehyde Aminotransferase: Concept of
an Ubiquitous Plant Enzyme Involved in Sec625
ondary Metabolism
Subunits
Regulation of the Synthesis of Ribulose-1,5bisphosphate Carboxylase and Its Subunits in
the Flagellate Chlorogonium
elongatum.
II.
Coordinated Synthesis of the Large and Small
942
Subunits
Succulence
Succulence - Induction in Kalanchoe
bloßf e l d i a n a under Long-Day Conditiones by a Lipophyle Fraction out of Fiowering Kalanchoe and
465
MS-Identification of Pterosterone
Sucrose
Ferulic Acid-Sucrose Esters from Immature
721
Anthers of Tulipa cv. "Apeldoorn"
Sulphonyl Group Incorporation
I n Vitro Biosynthesis of the Plant Sulpholipid:
On the Origin of the Sulphonate Group . . . . 820
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange in Adenosine
5'-Monophosphate Detected by Surface En809
hanced Raman Scattering (SERS)
Suspension Cultures
Effects of Glyphosate on Shikimic Acid Accumulation in Tobacco Cell Cultures with Low
and High Yields of Cinnamoyl Putrescines
. . 210
Synchrotron X-Ray
Fitting of SAXS-Curves by Nonlinear Regres333
sion
Synchronous Yeast
I n vivo Evidence for a Functional Glycolytic
Compartment in Synchronous Yeast Cells . . . 615
Synechococcus
Light-Dependent Changes in the Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Phycocyanin-Free
Photosynthetic Lamellae of Synechococcus
. . 856
Ultrastructure of Differently Pigmented Synechococcus
Cells (N)
Synthesis
Regulation of the Synthesis of Ribulose-1,5bisphosphate Carboxylase and Its Subunits in
the Flagellate Chlorogonium
elongatum.
IL
Coordinated Synthesis of the Large and Small
Subunits
Synthesis of Halogeno Analogues
Solution Conformation of Benzimidazole Nucleosides with the Aid of Model Analogues . .
Synthetase
A Thioredoxin Activated Glutamine Synthetase
in Chlorella
1117
907
942
126
396
Taphozous
melanopogon
Effect of Lithium Chloride on the Cricadian
Rhythm in the Flight Activity of the Microchiropteran Bat, Taphozous melanopogon
. . . 1068
Teleosts
Are Yolk Phosvitins Carriers for Specific
Cations? Comparative Microanalysis in Vertebrate Yolk Platelets (N)
686
Teratogenicity
Thalidomide-Like Malformations Caused by a
Tween Surfactant in Mice (N)
904
Terpenes
On
the Essential Oil Components from
Majorana
hortensis Moench
23
On the Essential Oil Components from A r t e m i s i a
absinthium L
369
On the Composition of the Essential Oil from
A r t e m i s i a dracunculus
L. during the Vegetation
Period
724
Terpenoids
Mammalian Pheromone Studies, IV. Terpenoid
Compounds and Hydroxy Esters from the Dorsal Gland of the Springbok, A n t i d o r c a s marsupialis (N)
340
Territorial Marking
Mammalian Pheromone Studies, V. Compounds
from the Preorbital Gland of the Grysbok,
Raphicerus
melanotis (N)
344
11 -Tetrad ecenyl Acetate
A Sex Attractant for Sperchia intractana Walker
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand . . 178
Teucardosid
Iridoids in Some Teucrium and Ajuga Species . 697
Teucrium
Iridoids in Some Teucrium and Ajuga Species . 697
Thalidomide-like Malformations
Thalidomide-Like Malformations Caused by a
Tween Surfactant in Mice (N)
904
Thermoluminescence
Reinvestigation of the Effects of Disalicylidenepropanediamine (DSPD) and 2-Heptyl4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) on Photosynthetic Electron Transport
109
Two Sites of Inhibition of the Photosynthetic
Electron Transport Chain by the Herbicide Trifluralin
853
Thiabendazole
Stimulation of Wound Reactions in Potato
Tubers by Thiabendazole
115
Thioredoxin
A Thioredoxin Activated Glutamine Synthetase
in Chlorella
396
1118
Subject Index
4-Thiouridine
Influence of Crystal Packing Forces on Molecular Structure in 4-Thiouridine. Comparison of
a n t i and syn Forms
956
Thylakoid Composition
Partition of Phylloquinone K ! between Digitonin Particles and Chlorophyll-Proteins of
Chloroplast Membranes from Nicotiana
tabacum
276
Thylakoid Membrane
Which Polypeptides Are Characteristic for
Photosystem IIV Analysis of Active Photosystem
II Particles from the Blue-Green Alga
Anacystis
nidulans
295
Thylakoids
Esterification of Chlorophyllide in Prolamellar
Body (PLB) and Prothylakoid (PT) Fractions
from A vena sativa Etioplasts
58
Comparative Binding of Photosystem II - Herbicides to Isolated Thylakoid Membranes and Intact Green Algae
1041
Tobacco Mutants
The Kok Effect and Its Relationship to Photorespiration in Tobacco
450
Dependence of Photorespiration and Photosynthetic Unit Sizes on Two Interdependent Nuclear Gene Factors in Tobacco
662
Tortricidae
A Sex Attractant for Sperchia intractana Walker
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand (N) . 178
Tracking
Courtship-Like Tracking Behaviour in WildType Female Drosophila
melanogaster
. . . .
475
Transcarboxylase
Evidence for a Transcarboxylase Reaction in
Maize Chloroplast Extracts (N)
688
Transplantable Tumours
Intracellular Effect of Hydroxyalkenals on Animal Tumors
572
Trichoplax
DNA Content and Fragmentation of the Egg
Nucleus of Trichoplax
aanaerens
564
Trifluralin
Two Sites of Inhibition of the Photosynthetic
Electron Transport Chain by the Herbicide Trifluralin
853
1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene
Metabolites of 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene from
Fruiting Bodies of Gomphidius
maculatus
and G.
glutinosus (Boletales) [1] (N)
488
Tropic Acid Biosynthesis
Chemical Synthesis of a-Formylphenylacetic
Acid, the Postulated Precursor of Tropic Acid . 611
Tryptophan Decarboxylase
Medium-Induced Formation of Indole Alkaloids
and Concomitant Changes of Interrelated Enzyme Activities in Cell Suspension Cultures of
Catharanthus
roseus
40
Tryptophan Synthase
Interactions between Tryptophan Synthase from
Escherichia
coli and Derivatives of the Coenzyme Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate
778
Tulipa
Purification of Chalcone Synthase from Tulip
Anthers and Comparison with the Synthase from
Cosmos Petals
30
Ferulic Acid-Sucrose Esters from Immature
Anthers of Tulipa cv. "Apeldoorn"
721
UDP-Galactose
Lipid Labelling in Intact Chloroplasts from Exogenous Nucleotide Precursors
Ultrastructure
Ultrastructure of Differently Pigmented Synechococcus Cells (N)
0 -Uptake
The Kok Effect and Its Relationship to Photorespiration in Tobacco
Urease
Location of Several Enzyme of L-Arginine Catabolism in Evernia p r u n a s t r i Thallus (N) . . .
U rodele Lateral Line System
Electroreceptors and Direction Specific Arrangement in the Lateral Line System of Salamanders? (N)
L-Usnic Acid
Purification and Properties of a New Enzyme
from Evernia p r u n a s t r i , which Reduces L-Usnic
Acid
Usnic Acid Dehydrogenase
Purification and Properties of a New Enzyme
from Evernia p r u n a s t r i , which Reduces L-Usnic
Acid
62
907
18
2
450
692
493
35
35
Vanadate
Effect of Vanadate and Iron Stress on the Pigment Composition of Chlorella Fusca
207
Vascular Tissue
Distribution of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
and 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase in Oat Primary
Leaf Tissues
389
Vectors
Oviposition Deterrance Activity in Some Lamiaceae Plants against Some Insect Pests . . . .
122
Vision
Action Potentials lin "Non-Spiking" Visual Interneurones
470
Vitamin B
About the Iron Analogues of Cobalamin and
Cobyric Acid
9
Coa/Co/Msomerism of the Cobalt Methylated
Corrinoids. CD and ORD Spectra of Several
Isomer Pairs
497
X-Ray Crystal Structure Analysis of Factor A
(2- Methyladeninyl-cyanocobamide), a Native
Vitamin B -Analogue
506
Vitamin B -factor A (2-Methyladeninyl-cyanocobamide)
X-Ray Crystal Structure Analysis of Factor A
(2- Methyladeninyl-cyanocobamide), a Native
Vitamin B -Analogue
506
Vitexin
Structure and Biosynthesis of Vitexin 2"-0-Xyloside in Silene alba (N)
484
Volatile Metabolites
Volatile Terpenes from Ceratocystis
ßmbriata
(N)
1075
1 2
12
12
12
Waterbug
An Audiospectrographic Study of Male Stridulation in the Genus Corixa Geoffr. (Hemiptera,
Corixidae) (N)
Wound Reactions
Stimulation of Wound Reactions in Potato
Tubers by Thiabendazole
189
115
Subject Index
X-Ray Crystal Structure Analysis
X-Ray Crystal Structure Analysis of Factor A
(2- Methyladeninyl-cyanocobamide), a Native
Vitamin B -Analogue
X-Ray Diffraction
X-Ray Studies on Phospholipid Bilayers. I. Polymorphie Forms of Dimyristoyl Lecithin . . . .
Xanthine Dehydrogenase
Molecular and Kinetic Characterization of Xanthine Dehydrogenase from the Phototrophic
Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas
capsulata
. . .
2"-0-Xyloside
Structure and Biosynthesis of Vitexin 2"-0-Xyloside in Silene alba (N)
12
506
1119
Yeast
Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Yeast: Binding
ofMet-tRNAi
I n vivo Evidence for a Functional Glycolytic
Compartment in Synchronous Yeast Cells . . .
142
615
875
Zea
mays
AH /Ca
Antiporter in Membranes of
Microsomal Vesicles from Maize Coleoptiles, a
Secondary Energized C a Pump
1009
Zinc
Cadmium as a Growth Factor for the Mushroom
Agaricus abruptibulbus
(Peck) Kauffmann . . . 765
+
933
484
2 +
2+
Volume 36 c
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung
1981
Authors Index
Abd-El-Fattah, M. 350
Akavia,N. 378
Alef, K. 246, 784
Andre, M. 662
Ardenne, R. von 488
Aretz,W. 933
Arfmann, H.-A. 319
Arntzen, Ch. J. 98
Asmus, U. 23
Bader, K . P . 662
Baibach, N. 552
Balk, H. 778
Barber,J. 1021
Barckhausen, R. 907
Bartholmes, P. 778
Barz,W. 338
Bassemir, U. 326
Baumeister, W. 310, 1091
Baydoun, H. 319
Becker, L. J. M. 207
Beddard, G. 1021
Benemann, J. R. 87
Benn, M. H. 178
Bensch, K. G. 1,5
Benwitz, G. 564
Benz,J. 51,58
Berg, D. 798
Bergström, G. 928
Berlin, J. 40,210
Bernhardt, G. 772
Bertanzon, F. 305
Bertrams, M. 62
Beulen, Ch. 389
Bhosale, A. S. 122
Bieganowski, R. 9, 506
Bigalke, R. C. 340,344
Blaicher, F. M. 383
Blessing, J. 884
Bios, I. 417
Boctor, I. Z. 562
Boege, F. 942
Böger, P. 633, 1036
Böttger, I. 464
Boland,W. 262
Bonara, G. M. 305
Bornemann, S. 135
Bothe, H. 1030
Brandlmeier, Th. 431, 440
Braunitzer, G. 902
Brederode, J. van 484, 486
Britsch, L. 742
Brody,S.St. 638, 1013,
1021
Brosche, Th. 23, 369
Bruemmer, U. 1077
Budzikiewicz, H. 728
Burger, B. V. 340, 344
Burger, G. 645
Burkard, G. 421
Burkardt, H.-J. 246
Caballero, F. J. 1025
Cärdenas, J. 1025
Castillo, F. 1025
Chopin, J. 1084
Claviez, M. 490
Cohen, A. 378
Collins, F. W. 730
Cook,R. 475
Dahm, K. H. 579
Dancker, P. 1050
Daniell, H. 656
Datz, G. 856
Dawson, J. R. O. 157
De Luca, V. 730
Dellamonica, G. 1084
Demeter, S. 109, 853
Demmig, B. 672
Dernick, R. 164
Deuten, K. von 506
Dickerson, P. E. 157
Diringer, H. 183
Döhler, G. 93, 834, 856,
907
Doenecke, D. 149
Dorn-Zachertz, D. 988
Draber, W. 798, 848
Drews, G. 400
Drqppa, M. 109, 853
DuBois, R. N. 964
Dudycz, L. 126
Durchschlag, H. 516
Eckert, H. E. A. 470
Eckstein, H. 813
Ehrenfeld, M. 545
Eilert,U. 200
El-Sharaky, A. S. 1086
Elstner, E. F. 115,284
Engelhardt, H. 407
Entzeroth, M. 180
Erb, N . 336
Estevez, M. P. 35
Falk,H. 353
Feustel, H. 5
Filby, W. G. 1088
Filier, R.-D. 5
Finke, Ch. 189
Firl,J. 284
Fölster, E. 262
Forkmann, G. 411,619,
737
Formanek, H. 71
Fouad, F. M. 350
Francke, W. 928
Fredericks, P. M. 242
Friedrich, W. 9, 506
Fritzsch, B. 493
Frommeyer, D. 284
Galbreath, R. A. 178
Gawronska, M. 361
Gemeinhardt, F. 23
Gerster, R. 662
Gerstner, E. 893
Gialanella, G. 980
Gilles, I. 751
Gimmler, H. 672, 679
Gmelin, R. 16
Godde, D. 272
Gömez P., L. D. 896
Goody, R. S. 534
Gregory, R. P. F. 638
Grell, K. G. 564
Grisebach, H. 234, 742
Gross, G . G . 611
Grossi, G. F. 980
Günther, H. O. 586
Gupta, A. S. 122
Häger, K.-P. 1030
Hager, A. 997, 1009
Hall, J. C. 694
Hallenbeck, P. C. 87
Hamdorf, K. 470
Hansen, B. 40
Hanssen, H.-P. 1075
Hartmann, Th. 625
Härtung, W. 672, 679
Hauer, J. 366
Haustein, D. 790
Heemann, V. 1077
Hegnauer, R. 336
Heitmann, D. 672, 679
Heinz, E. 62
Heller, W. 742
Heimle, M. 997
Hemleben, V. 925
Henssen, A. 893
Herbertz, L. M . 310, 1091
Hermsdorf, P. 1009
Heukeshoven, J. 164
Holt,V.A. 178
Hoppe, W. 820
Horstmann, H.-J. 246
Horväth, G. 109, 853
Hugo, H. von 798
Hummel, W. 798
Hunkler, D. 714
Hunsmann, G. 353
Ibrahim, R. K. 730
Ihm, H. 369, 724
Interschick-Niebler,
E. 276
Ishii,R. 450
Jägers, E. 488
Jaenicke, L. 180,262
Jaenicke, R. 84, 778
Jakoby, K. 262
Janistyn, B. 193, 455
Jay, M. 730
Jeck, R. 545
John, M. E. 964
Jonak, R. 333
Joshi,V. 122
Kaetsu, I. 1062
Kaiser, F. 888
Kalbitzer, H. R. 534
Kalus, W. H. 1088
Kamps-Heinsbroek,
R. 484,486
Kang, Sa-Ouk 1
Kapoulas, V. M. 459
Karl, Ch. 607
Kaspari,H. 933
Kayser, H. 755
Kazimierczuk, Z. 126
Kesselmeier, J. 1072
Khoschsorur, G. 572
Kiewitt, I. 81
Kinzel,V. 552
Klatte, W. 545
Klemme, J.-H. 407, 933
Kliche, A. 1050
Knack, I. 347
Knobloch, K. 23. 369, 724
Knobloch, K.-H. 40
Knogge,W. 197,389
Knops, H. J. 848
Koch, M. A. 183
Koch, V. 385
Kocher, W. 904
Kocher-Becker, U. 904
Kochian, L. V. 87
Koelen,K.J. 611
Koenig, F. 295
König, W. A. 385
Koglin, E. 809
Kohorst, G. 913
Komamine, A. 921
Koolman, J. 790
Kopf,J. 506
Korth, H. 728
Krailling, H. 593
Kremer, B. K. 840
Kreutzfeldt, Ch. 142
Kröger, H. 459
Kubier, D. 552
Kühn, N . 545
Kuhn, G. 421
Kulamowicz, I. 361
Kumpe,E. 1951
Kuppert, P. 326
Kuroki, G. 916
Laasen, H. 1041
Lambert, R. 633
Lammel, G. 708
Lange, R. H. 686
Laughlin, S. 910
Legaz, E. 35, 692
Leser, K. H. 597
Leysing, B. 956
Lichtenthaler, H. K. 276,
421,645
Liedgens, W. 44
Liefländer, M. 968
Löffler, H.-G. 751,951
Löffler, M. 255
Lohmann, W. 1, 5, 323,
804
Lüdemann, H.-D. 84, 366
Lütfring, H. 338
Lütz, C. 58
Macchiato, M. F. 980
Malorni, M. C. 157
Malterud, K. E. 896
Authors Index
Marx, R. 149
Maschler, R. 568
Masson, K. 272
Mastronicolis, S. K. 459
Matuschka, F.-R. 1093
Maurer, H. R. 568
Mayer, D. 798
Meisch, H.-U. 207, 765
Merkl, I. 778
Michaelis, K. 724
Moretto, V. 305
Morris-Krsinich, B. A.
M. 157
Moskophidis, M. 497
Müller, A. 611
Müller, D. G. 262
Müller, E. 1,5
Müller, G. 607
Müller, M. 869
Mukherjee, K. D. 81,383
Mutert, W.-U. 338
Musso, H. 645
Nahrstedt, A. 200, 336
Nanda, B. 122
Nemetschek, Th. 333
Niehuss, M. 115
Niemann, G. J. 1084
Novellie, P. A. 344
Obata-Sasamoto, H.
Ockenfels, H . 904
Oettmeier, W. 272
Ohsima, T. 400
Oliriski, R. 361
Olmeda, L. 35
Rakow, D. 16
Rastogi, P. P. 961
Rehse, C. 204
Reiffen, K. A. 255
Reisen, J. 1086
Reiter, M. 572
Reith, W. 928
Rembold, H. 466
Renner, B. 893
Reum, L. 790
Riedl, H. 333
Rimpler, H. 697, 708
Robeson, D. J. 1081
Rodriguez, E. 357
Röhm, K.-H. 347
Roller, H. 579
Römer, A. 721,728
Rösch, P. 534, 539
Roßlenbroich, H.-J. 834
Roux, M. le 340, 344
Rözsa, Z. 109
Rudolph, R. 772
Rüdiger, W. 51,58,431,
440, 827
Rueß, K.-P. 968
Ruhdorfer, J. 697
Ruhenstroth-Bauer,
G. 350,464
Ruppel, M. 907
Ruthmann, A. 564
921
Pabst, H. W. 464
Pan, D. 688
Patwardhan, S. 122
Paulsen, Ch. 1077
Pedersen, P. A. 607
Perez, F. J. 35
Peter, M. G. 579
Pfister,K. 98,645, 1041
Pils, I. 115
Pilwat, G. 173
Platt, D. 880
Plucienniczak, A. 973
Poppe, Chr. 333
Postius, St. 615, 880
Poulten,J.E. 916
Prager, J. 189
Prenzel,U. 421
Proksch, M . 222, 357
Pulverer, G. 728
Pyerin, W. 552
Sachs, G. 721
Saenger, W. 956
Saito.K. 921
Salonen, E. 863
Sandermann, H. 714
Sandmann, G. 633
Sarkar, S. 884
Sarojini, G. 656
Schäfer, W. 417, 902
Schaller, E. 234
Schauenstein, E. 572
Schaur, R. J. 572
Scheer,H. 417,431,827
Scherer, R. 350
Scherer, S. 1036
Schiff, J. A. 827
Schilling, V. 333
Schlimme, E. 135
Schmid, G. 84
Schmid, H. G. 450,662
Schmidt, A. 396
Schmidt, H. 586
Schmidtberg, G. 611
Schmitt, J. A. 765
Schneider, F. 255,751,
951
Schneider, Hj. A. W. 44
Schneider, J. 353
Schoch, S. 827
Scholl, A.-R. 765
Schreiber, J. 5
Schwander, E. 333
Schwemmle, K. 5
Schwenn, J. D. 820
Seehofer, F. 1077
Seredynski, J. 310
Sequaris, J. M. 809
Sharma, R. N . 122
Shirk, P. D. 579
Shugar, D. 126
Sieber, K.-P. 466
Siegeimann, H. W. 827
Sinnwell, V. 1077
Skowronski, J. 973
Söylemez,T. 310, 1091
Spies, H. S. C. 340, 344
Spindler, K.-D. 326
Spindler-Barth, M. 326
Sprecher, E. 1075
Spremberg, G. 1077
Spribille,R. 619
Stangl, A. 902
Steffan, B. 488
Steglich, W. 488
Steinback, K. E. 98
Steiner, R. 417
Stolarski, R. 126
Stotz,G. 411,737
Strack, D. 197,215,222,
338, 378,721, 1072
Strecker, W. 464
Strobel,G.A. 1081
Stürzl, E. 1036
Subbaraj, R. 1068
Sütfeld,R. 30
Summers. L. A. 242
Suwalsky, M. 875
Szabo, Z. 888
Tan, K. H. 688
Tapia, J. 875
Taugner, G. 1056
Tengö, J. 928
Thies, W. 16
Thümmler, F. 440
Tietz, A. 900
Tiilian, H. M. 572
Tjon Sie Fat, L. 336
Tompkins, L. 694
Toniolo, C. 305
Triantaphylides, Ch. 662
Trebst, A. 848
Tredwell,C. 1021
1121
Trenck, K. T. v. d. 714
Trim,A.R. 157
Truter, V. 340, 344
Urbach, W.
1041
Valenta, P. 809
Verhoeven, J. W. 366
Vernon,L.P. 295
Vicente, C. 35, 692
Vienken, J. 173
Vogel, W.O. P. 490
Voirin,B. 730
Volm,M. 81
Vostrowsky, O. 23, 369,
724
Vuento, M. 863
Walter, Z. 361
Watermann, M. R. 964
Wayss,K. 81
Weber, N. 81
Weidner, H. 71
Weissenböck, G. 197, 222,
389
Westhoff, P. 942
Wiermann, R. 30, 204,
721
Wieschhoff, H. 417
Wink,C. 625
Wisdom, Ch. 357
Witte, L. 210
Woenckhaus, Ch. 545
Wollenweber, E. 204, 604,
896, 913
Wolters, B. 200
Wrage,K. 62
Wray,V. 200
Wunderlich, I. 1056
Yamada,A. 1062
Yoshü, F. 1062
Young, H. 178
Zadu, G. 122
Zähringer, U. 234
Zahn, M. 645
Zbikowska, M. 361
Zetsche, K. 942
Zimmer, G. 586, 988
Zimmermann, U. 173,
942
Zintl,R. 369,724
Zinsmeister, H. D. 336
Zipper, P. 516
Zumft, W. G. 246, 784
Zundel, G. 961
Pyropheophytin a Accompanies Pheophytin a in Darkened
Light Grown Cells of E u g l e n a
1
2,3,4
3
2,5
3
Siegrid Schoch , Hugo Scheer , Jerome A. Schiff , Wolfhart Rüdiger , and
Harold W. Siegelman
6
2
3
6
Institute for Photobiology of Cells and Organelles, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254
Botanisches Institut der Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, D-8000 München 19,
Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboatory, Upton, New York
Z. Naturforsch. 36 c, 827-833 (1981); received June 19,1981
Euglena, Chlorophyll Degradation, Pyropheophytin, Photosynthesis, High Performance
Chromatography
Light-grown non-dividing cells of Euglena
gracilis
Klebs var. bacillaris
Cori form
pheophytin a like pigments from Chlorophyll a without loss of viability when they are allowed to
incubate in darkness without shaking. This is accompanied by the loss of long-wavelength
components in the red absorption band of intact cells. After extraction of these cells with acetone,
transfer of the pigments to ether and treatment of the ether Solution with dilute acid, two
pigments can be separated by high Performance liquid chromatography on reverse phase silica
gel (RP-8) using methanol: water = 95:5 (v/v) as the eluting solvent: In addition to pheophytin a,
the eluate contains an unknown pigment. With increasing times of incubation of the cells in
darkness, the proportion of pheophytin a decreases and the proportion of the unknown increases
suggesting, that the unknown is formed from pheophytin a. This pigment has been identified as
pyropheophytin a. It has the same absorption spectrum as pyropheophytin a (prepared by
Pyridine pyrolysis of pheophytin a) and contains phytol as the longchain esterifying alcohol. On
conversion to the methyl ester, the resulting methyl phorbide is identical with authentic
pyromethylpheophorbide a by tlc, hplc, absorption, absorption difference and mass spectroscopy. This is the first report of pyropheophytin a or any pyrochlorophyll derivative from plants
or oxygenic plant-like microorganisms where it may serve as an intermediate in Chlorophyll
degradation.
Introduction
The biosynthesis [1-4] and breakdown [5, 6] of
porphyrin complexes (hemes) is well established,
but for the magnesium porphyrins (Chlorophylls and
bacteriochlorophylls) only the biosynthetic pathway
is known in some detail [1, 2, 7]. Particularly
obscure, is the pathway of Chlorophyll degradation
in cells and the nature of the chemical intermediates
in this process [8, 9]. Light-grown cells of E u g l e n a
gracilis
var. b a c i l l a r i s placed in darkness without
shaking convert a large proportion of their Chlorophyll a to a pheophytin (Phe)-like pigment [10].
This appeared to be a promising system in which to
look for other possible intermediates in Chlorophyll
degradation. In this paper we provide further
information concerning pheophytin formation in E u glena and show that pyropheophytin a (Pyrophe) (a
derivative of Phe lacking the carboxymethyl group
on the isocyclic ring [11]) is also formed.
Materials and Methods
1
Supported by grants from the National Institutes of
Health (GM 14595), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Department of Energy.
Supported by a fellowship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft while on research leave at Brandeis
University, current address see (3).
Dr. J. A. Schiff is the Abraham and Etta Goodmann
Professor of Biology.
Reprint requests should be sent to Dr. Schoch (München)
and Dr. Schiff at the Photobiology Institute (Waltham).
Abbreviations:
Chi = Chlorophyll a, Phe = pheophytin a,
Phyrophe = pyropheophytin a, HPLC = high Performance
liquid chromatography, TLC = thin layer chromatography.
0341-0382/81/0900-0827 $01.00/0
4
5
All commercial chemicals used in this study were
reagent grade or better and all solvents used in the
chemical characterization of pigments were distilled
prior to use. E u g l e n a gracilis
Klebs var. b a c i l l a r i s
Cori was grown in one liter of the pH 3,5 medium of Hutner at 26 with shaking as described
previously [10, 12]. Illumination was supplied by
mixed white and red fluorescent lamps providing a
light intensity of 150 ft c (180 uW • cm- ) at the
surface of the culture [12]. When the cells reached
about 2 x 10 cells/ml (three days of growth) the
0
2
6
828
S. Schoch et a l • Pyropheophytin a Accompanies Pheophytin a in Darkened Light Grown Cells of E u g l e n a
culture was centrifuged at 500 x g for 1 min at room was carried out with a Laboratory Data Control
temperature [13]. The pellet was resuspended in the
(LDC) constametric II pump, using either an LDC
same volume of resting medium (1.0% (w/v) with Model 1202 variable wavelength double beam abrespect to mannitol, 0.01 M with respect to MgCl ,
sorbance detector set at 667 nm, or a Schöffel model
0.01 M with respect to K H P 0 and 0.25% (w/v) FS 970 L.C. fluorescence detector (A = 408 nm,
with respect to eis, eis, eis, eis-1,2,3,4-cyclopentane- X >580 nm). The Separation of the pigments solutetracarboxylic acid (Aldrich) adjusted to pH 3.5
bilized in acetone was performed using a stainless
with KOH [14]). All of these manipulations were
steel column (15x0.5 cm) packed with LiChrosorb
done aseptically. The cell Suspension so obtained
RP-8/5 um (Merck). Methanol/water (95/5 v/v) was
was shaken at 26 under illumination as before, for
used as eluant at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. Prethree more days. Aliquots were then placed in the parative HPLC employed previously published prodark at 26 ° without shaking, or in some cases in the
cedures [20]. Absorption and derivative spectra in
light, with shaking for various times. Dim green the visible and ultraviolet regions were recorded on
safelights [15] were used when necessary. Absorpa model 320 spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer).
tion spectra of these cells were measured as preCoupled HPLC-absorption spectroscopy was perviously described [13]. Cell viability was measured
formed in a homebuilt System using a model II
as colony formation after plating the cells on pH 3.5
double beam variable wavelength detector (LDCmedium as described previously [16].
Latek) combined with a model 8000 intelligent
Each sample was then centrifuged at 800 x g for recorder (Bryans) for scanning and data manipula5 min at room temperature and the cell pellet was tion. Details of the method will be published
resuspended in 100 ml of 0.1M potassium phos- separately. Mass spectra were recorded on a model
phate buffer, pH 7.0, at room temperature and was CH 7 mass spectrometer (Varian) in the El-mode
(70 KV) with direct inlet.
centrifuged. The following Steps were peformed
under dim laboratory lighting. The pellet was resuspended in 100 ml of cold acetone and was centriPyropheophytin
a
fuged at 8000 x g for 5 min at 4 °C. The extraction
was repeated three times to yield a total of about
An authentic sample of Phe was obtained from
350 ml of cold extract. The pigments were then crude pheophytin "Sandoz". It was converted to
transferred into fresh cold peroxide-free diethyl
Phyrophe by refluxing in pyridine for 12 h under
ether [17], and the ether was acidified by the
nitrogen [11, 18].
addition of 10% (v/v) HCl (about 5 ml of acid for
each 100 ml extract), washed neutral with distilled
Pyromethylpheophorbide
a
water, dried overnight over anhydrous sodium Sulfate, and evaporated in vacuo at about 25°. The dry
For transesterification (replacement of the phytyl
pigments were stored at - 2 0 ° under nitrogen in
group by methyl on the propionic acid side chain)
darkness.
the unknown pigment was refluxed for 1 h in
Chloroform methanol (1:1 v/v) containing 2.5%
For some experiments, part of this crude pigment
(v/v) H S 0 . The produets were purified by Stanfraction was further separated by chromatography
dard procedures, involving T L C on 20 x 20 cm glass
on silica gel thin layer plates (silicagel 60, Merck),
plates coated with 0.75 mm silica " H " (Merck)
using carbon tetrachloride/acetone = 9/1 (v/v) as
the solvent [18]. The rapidly moving pheophytin a using 4% (v/v) acetone in carbon tetrachloride as
the developing solvent [18].
region was eluted with acetone, the eluate was taken
Authentic pyromethylpheophorbide was prepared
to dryness in vacuo and the pigment was stored
from Phe by transesterification and subsequent
under nitrogen at — 20 °.
pyrolysis to remove the carbomethoxy group [18].
To determine the nature of the esterifying alcohol,
Analytical TLC was done with commercial plates
the pigment was saponified with methanolic KOH
(HPTLC, Merck, 10 x 10 cm). Either a silica coating
as described previously [21]. The alcohols obtained
developed with 6% (v/v) acetone in carbon tetrawere identified by gas chromatography using prechloride or a C-18 reverse phase coating with
viously described methods [19]. Analytical high
Performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [19] methanol as solvent was used.
2
2
4
exc
e m
0
2
4
S. Schoch et a i • Pyropheophytin a Accompanies Pheophytin a in Darkened Light Grown Cells of E u g l e n a
Fig. 1. Absorption spectra of
acetone extracts of light-grown
non-dividing cells of
Euglena
maintained in the light with shaking or in darkness without shaking
for 148 h.
432
829
LIGHT-GROWN NON-OIVIDING EUGLENA
ACETONE EXTRACT
i LIGHT (+ SHAKING)
(148 hrs.)
O.l
0
400
450
500
550
600
WAVELENGTH (nm)
Results and Discussion
Acetone extracts of normal light-grown non-dividing cells of E u g l e n a shaking in the light show absorption peaks due to the presence of Chi (432 nm
and 662 nm) and carotenoids (Fig. 1). Extracts of
the same cells incubated in darkness without shaking show additional absorption peaks at 410 nm and
535 nm attributable to Phe-like pigment(s) [10]. In
either culture, there is no significant loss of cell
viability during the experimental period as determined by plating (data not shown).
Evidence of pheophytin a formation is also seen
in the absorption spectrum of intact cells maintained in darkness without shaking (Fig. 2). There is
an increased absorption at 413 nm expected for
the Soret band of Phe. Also evident is a loss of
absorption on the long wavelength side of the red
absorption region. A similar selective loss of Chlorophyll a components absorbing at longer wavelengths
has been observed during Phe formation in E u g l e n a
cells growing in the presence of 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-l,l-dimethylurea (DCMU) in the light [22]
433
650
700
LIGHT-GROWN NON-DIVIDING
EUGLENA
«*
WAVELENGTH (nm)
>
Fig. 2. Absorption spectra of intact light-grown non-dividing cells of Euglena maintained in the light with shaking or
in darkness without shaking for 96 h.
S. Schoch et a l • Pyropheophytin a Accompanies Pheophytin a in Darkened Light Grown Cells of E u g l e n a
830
and is attributed to a selective loss of the lightharvesting Systems of photosystem I of photosynthesis. Perhaps inhibition of normal light-driven
hydrogen ion pumping by darkness or D C M U
allows accumulation of H near the Chlorophyll of
photosystem I leading to pheophytin formation.
To elucidate the structure of the pigment(s)
formed from Chi, they were extracted from the cells
and the extracts were acidified to convert all remaining Chlorophyll (s) to pheophytin(s). The crude
mixture was then subjected to chromatography.
Whereas only a Single band is obtained on silica tlcplates, two components can be separated by reversephase HPLC (Fig. 3). One peak is chromatographically identical with Phe (r= 16.2 min) as expected
since any remaining Chi was converted to Phe by
acidification during the preparative procedure. It is
accompanied by a second peak eluting later (r =
23.2 min). During incubation of the cells in darkness, the unknown Compound increases at the expense of Phe suggesting that the latter is progressive^ converted to the unknown Compound
(Fig. 3, inset). In situ spectroscopy of the HPLC
eluate at the two maxima (Fig. 3) gave identical
absorption spectra indicating either the presence of
a different esterifying alcohol or a chromophore
modified at a position not severely affecting the nelectron System. To test these possibilities larger
amounts of the unknown pigment were isolated
+
using preparative HPLC. After saponification the
only long chain alcohol found by gas chromatography is phytol, excluding the first possibility. The
amount of phytol found is greater than expected
using the known extinction coefficient for Phe to
estimate the amount of pigment saponified. This
indicates that the extinction coefficient of the unknown pigment is lower than that of Phe.
These properties of the unknown pigment suggested that it might be a pheophytin carrying
different substitutents at C-13 than pheophytin a.
In particular the absorption spectrum of the unknown pigment is essentially the same as that of
pyropheophytin a, a derivative lacking the 13 carbomethoxy group [11, 18, 23]. This Suggestion
was substantiated by the chemical correlations
shown in Fig. 4. Heating of pheophytin a with
Pyridine yielded pyropheophytin a, which is identical with the unknown pigment (r = 23.2 min) by
HPLC, T L C and uv-vis spectroscopy. Also, the
unknown remained unchanged after refluxing in
Pyridine under identical conditions.
Conversely, the unknown pigment was converted
to its methyl ester and compared to an authentic
sample of pyromethylpheophorbide a, obtained
from pheophytin a as shown in Fig. 4 (right side).
The
absorption spectra, difference spectrum
(Fig. 5) of the two methyl phorbides and their 2nd
and 4th derivatives (data not shown) are identical.
2
2
0.009 -
§ 2 0.007
8
12
16
20
ELUTION TIME [min]
Fig. 3. Elution pattern of pigments
extracted from light-grown nondividing cells of Euglena incubated in darkness for 96 h. and subjected to high Performance liquid
chromatography after acidification. The inset shows the ratios of
unknown pigment to unknown
plus pheophytin a in cells incubated in darkness for various
times, which have been calculated
from the relative intensities of the
HPLC peaks after correction for
the different extinction coefficients
1
1
Ä p h e = 49.01 • g" • cm" , 4 8 .
1
1
63.71 • g" • cm" ).
-
S. Schoch et al. • Pyropheophytin a Accompanies Pheophytin a in Darkened Light Grown Cells o f Euglena
831
Fig. 4. Chemical correlation of pyropheophytin a, the "unknown pigment*' isolated
from dark-adapted Euglena (in box), with
authentic derivatives of C h l o r o p h y l l a.
C0 Me
2
H
PYROMETHYLPHEOPHORBIDE o
The two pigments also have the same R/ values on
"normal" and "reverse phase" thin layer chromatography (Fig. 6) and HPLC. Finally, the mass spectra
of the two methyl phorbides are also in excellent
agreement (Table I). Taken together, the data show
that the unknown pigment is pyropheophytin a
(boxed in Fig. 4).
Pyropheophytin a is found along with pheophytin a in light-grown non-dividing cells of E u g l e n a
incubated in darkness without shaking. Since the
proportion of pyropheophytin increases with time
in darkness while the propertion of pheophytin decreases, pyropheophytin may be formed from pheophytin. However, since all pigments were converted
to their magnesium-free forms with acid before
analysis, the formation of pyrochlorophyll a as an
intermediate is not excluded.
To our knowledge this is the first report of a
pyrochlorophyll or pyropheophytin in an oxygenic
photosynthetic organism. Derivatives of pyrochlorophyll are major antenna pigments in greeen sulfur
bacteria [24, 25]; pyromethylpheophorbide a and its
derivatives have been isolated from the excrements
of various herbivores [26]. Little is known of the Steps
involved in Chlorophyll degradation in photosynTablel. Mass spectrum (relative intensities in %) of the
methylpheophorbide from the "Unknown Pigment" compared with authentic pyromethylpheophorbide a.
MS-peak
(m/e)
Pyromethylpheophorbide a
Methylpheophorbide of
"Unknown Compound"
548
533
471
445
433
412
403
274
237
100
6
40
3
18
4
5
3
26
100
5
31
3
12
3
3
5
26
S. Schoch et al. • Pyropheophytin a Accompanies Pheophytin a in Darkened Light Grown Cells of E u g l e n a
832
Fig. 5. Absorption spectra (in methanol) of pyromethylpheophorbide a and the methylpheophorbide prepared from the unknown pigment, as well
as their difference spectrum (expanded absorption
scale).
UNKNOWN
(AFTER TRANSESTERIFICATION
WITH METHANOL)
GL
UNKNOWN (METHYL-ESTER) MINUS
PYROMETYLPHEOPHORBIDE o
8+O.OI-
S
u
0-
-j-0.01 •
£
0.5PYROMETHYLPHEOPHORBIDE Q
300
TLC:RP-C|
|
400
8l
500
600
WAVELENGTH (nm)
700
METHANOL
r FRONT
creating such a Situation may be the conversion of
pheophytin a (bearing a CHCOOCH -substituent at
the C-15 methine bridge) to pyropheophytin a
bearing a CH -substituent instead.
3
O
O
O*—METHYLPHEOPHORBIDE a
cZ>*—PYROMETHYLPHEOPHORBIDE a
O
1
1
jJ-ORIGIN
UNKNOWN PHEOPHYTIN a STANDARDS
(METHYL DERIVATIVES)
Fig. 6. A comparison of the methyl phorbide prepared
from the unknown pigment with methyl pheophorbide a
and pyromethylpheophorbide a on a thin layer chromatogram (C-18 reverse phase in silica, methanol as eluent).
thetic organisms [8, 9] and it is entirely possible
that pheophytin a and pyropheophytin a (or pyrochlorophyll a) serve as intermediates in such a
pathway. It might be noted that the methine bridges
adjacent to the reduced ring IV in chlorins are susceptible to oxidative ring opening [27] especially if
they bear an alkyl substituent [28-30]. One way of
2
Note added in proof: We are aware or the work of O.
Shimomura (FEBS Lett. 116, 203 (1981)), who recentiy
suggested a bile-pigment structure derived from pyrochlorophyll b for " C o m p o u n d F" involved in bioluminescence of
an euphausid shrimp.
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. W. Schäfer (München-Martinsried)
for recording the mass spectra. The skillful technical assistance (in Munich) of I. Bios (GC) and
H. Wieschhoff (preparative HPLC) is acknowledged.
We are indebted to Prof. H. H. Inhoffen for a
generous gift of pheophytin "Sandoz". This work
was supported by the National Institutes of Health
(J.A.S.) the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(S.S.) and the US Department of Energy (H.W.S.).
S. Schoch et al. • Pyropheophytin a Accompanies Pheophytin a in Darkened Light Grown Cells of
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