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14-1 “Church Reform and the Crusades” The Age of Faith Spiritual Revival Starting in the 900s, ________________ help bring about a spiritual revival ______________ help restore and expand Church power Problems in the Church Some Church officials _________ even though the Church objects Some officials practice ___________—selling religious offices Kings use ____________________ to appoint bishops Reformers believe only the Church should appoint bishops Reform and Church Organization Starting in the 1100s, _____________ reorganize the Church like a kingdom Pope’s ______________ make Church laws; diplomats __________ throughout Europe Church collects tithes; uses money to care for _________ or __________ New Religious Orders __________________ and _______________ orders form Friars in these orders vow _____________; travel and preach to the poor Some new orders for women are founded Cathedrals—Cities of God Early Cathedrals Between 800-1100, churches are built in __________________ style Style includes thick walls and pillars, _______ windows, _________ arches A New Style of Church Architecture _____________ style evolves around 1100; term from Germanic tribe, Goths Gothic style has large, _______ windows for more light; ___________ arches Churches have _______________ glass windows, many sculptures About ___________ Gothic churches are built from 1170 to 1270 The Crusades The Crusades: The Beginning In 1093, Byzantine emperor asks for help fighting the Turks Pope Urban II issues a call for a _____________—a “holy war” Goals of the Crusades Pope wants to reclaim _________________ and reunite Christianity Kings use Crusades to send away ___________ who cause ______________ _________________ sons hope to earn land or win glory by fighting Later, __________ join Crusades to try to gain ____________ through trade. First Crusade: 1096-1099 Pope promises Crusaders who ____________ a place in ______________ First Crusade: three armies gather at _______________________ in 1097 Crusaders capture Jerusalem in 1099 Captured lands along coast divided into ___________ Crusader states Second Crusade: 1147-1148 Muslims take back Edessa in 1144; Second crusade __________ to retake it In 1187, __________—Muslim leader and Kurdish warrior—retakes Jerusalem 14-1 “Church Reform and the Crusades” The Third Crusade: 1189-1192 One is ______________________________________—king of England The Third Crusade was led by three powerful rulers ______________ of France ___________ Crusade after arguing with Richard The argument was over Richard breaking off an engagement with Phillip’s sister. _____________ of Germany (Holy Roman Empire) _____________ during the journey In 1192 Richard and Saladin make _____________ after many battles ________________ keeps Jerusalem but allows ____________ pilgrims to enter the city The Crusading Spirit Dwindles Fourth Crusade (1200-1204) Crusaders sack the Christian city Zara and are _______________________ by the pope for it. The Venetian leadership keeps their excommunication a _______________. Then Crusaders sack Constantinople in 1204 Two other Crusades strike Egypt, but fail to weaken the Muslims The Children’s Crusade The traditional story says that in 1212 thousands of children possibly _________ or are _____________ in a failed crusade. But these stories are surrounded by legend and fiction. The fact that this really happened is __________________. A Spanish Crusade Most of Spain controlled by ________________, a Muslim people Christians fight __________________—drive Muslims from Spain, 1100-1492 Spain has Inquisition—court to suppress ____________________; expels non-Christians The Effects of the Crusades Crusades show ______________ of Church in convincing thousands to fight ________________ who stay home manage the estate and business affairs Merchants expand ___________, bring back many goods from Southwest Asia Failure of later crusades _____________ pope and nobles, ________________ kings Crusades create lasting ___________________ between Muslims and Christians