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Transcript
Plate 32 Viral Replication What do computer viruses do? • Infect your computer • Take it over (perform some task) • Spread to other computers Hosts • There are viruses that infect every kind of organism: animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, protists, etc. • Viruses that infect bacteria (bacteriophages) have been studied the most Viral Replication • In general, viruses: – Attach to the host cell in the union phase – Insert their viral genetic material in the penetration phase – Create mRNA in the transcription phase – Make proteins in the synthesis phase – Build new viruses in the assembly phase – Break out of the host cell in the release phase 1. Union Phase (Adsorption) • Capsid proteins only bind with specific receptors on the host cell’s surface – This gives viruses their host range (which type of organism it may infect) 2. Penetration Phase • The virus inserts its genetic information (DNA or RNA) into the host cell through the cell membrane • Remainder of the virus is left outside the cell • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5WEDcN cJjY 3. Transcription Phase • Viral DNA is used as a template to create messenger RNA (mRNA) 4. Synthesis Phase • mRNA moves to the ribosomes within the host cell • Just like a blueprint, the mRNA begins coding for specific proteins 5. Assembly Phase • Components of viruses are built from the proteins created in the synthesis phase • Viral DNA is made up of the same nucleotides used to make the bacterial DNA • Capsids begin to be assembled around the viral DNA 6. Release Phase • After several hundred viruses are assembled, an enzyme (lysozyme) is made to rupture the host cell wall • The host cell dies and hundreds of new viruses are released to infect new hosts Lytic vs. Lysogenic