Download Viruses and Diseases in the Civil War Miss Sabia

Viruses and Diseases in the Civil
War
Miss Sabia
Objectives
 Be able to summarize both the lytic and lysogenic
cycle.
 Be able to compare the structure and characteristics
of viruses and bacteria.
 Be able to properly perform a swab technique.
The Main Killers
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Typhoid
Pneumonia
Measles
Tuberculosis
malaria
Pathogens
 Microbes that cause diseases…
VIRUSES and BACTERIA
Bacteria
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Earliest form of life (3 billion years ago)
Prokaryotic cells (no organelles, no nucleus)
Single celled
have a cell wall
Bacteria
 3 shapes:
 Cocci (spherical)
 Bacilli (rod shaped)
 Spirilla (spirals)
Bacteria
 Use flagella to “swim” or produce thick coats of slime
to “slide” around
How Bacteria Infect
 Give off chemicals called toxins that can make us sick
 Our body fights off bacterial infections using
antibodies
Viruses
 Single-celled
 Not considered living
 Cannot reproduce on their
own
 They are not made up of cells
 They cannot respond to the
external environment
 Cannot move on their own
 Called “particles” or “agents”
 About 4,000 different types
of viruses
Viruses
 Have genetic material
(DNA or RNA) enclosed in a
capsid
 Some viruses have a viral
envelope covering their
capsid (taken from host
cell)
 sneaky
How Viruses Infect
 Lytic cycle
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1. entry into cell
2. replicate DNA
3. make viral proteins
4. assemble new generation
5. exit from infected cell—host cell bursts open (lyses)
and virus is released into the environment, host cell dies
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DP-MAhr0YY
How Viruses Infect
 Lysogenic cycle (sneaky!)
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1. entry into cell
2. DNA incorporated into host cell’s DNA
3. host cell copies chromosomes
4. host cell divides and replicates—all new cells have
virus’ DNA incorporated into their own
 5. steps 3-5 from lytic cycle
 http://wrate.me.vccs.edu/courses/env108/lesson2_4.h
tm
Microbiology Lab—Microbes Around
Us
 Swab
Demo:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2U6usyE80i
o
 Note: we will not be wetting our swabs in distilled deionized water as the video says