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Unit 4 Meiosis and Genetics Objectives 1. Understand offspring acquire genes by inheriting chromosomes from parents 2. Fertilization and meiosis alternate in a sexual life cycle 3. Meiosis reduces the number of chromosome sets 4. Meiosis and sexual reproduction are responsible for genetic variation, which is necessary for evolution Sexual Reproduction -Two parents produce offspring -Offspring have shared traits with family Asexual Reproduction Inheritence of Genes -Genes are… -Asexual reproduction produces two offspring from a single parent 1. Genetic software that codes for specific proteins -Offspring are identical or Clones 2. Read much like a book with letters -Genetic variation is minimal and due to mutations 3. Responsible for the raw material that is a species (Nature via Nurture) 4. Located on Chromosomes called a locus -Inheritence relies on… 1. Precise replication of DNA 2. Meiosis to maintain a chromosomal number specific to a species The Behavior or Chromosomes is responsible for Genetic Variation in Sexually Reproducing Organisms -Chromosomes alternate between fertilization (2n or Diploid) and Meiosis (1n or Haploid) -Somatic Cells are all cells except sex cells -Sex Chromosomes determine male and female gender -All other chromosomes are called Autosomes Other Sexually Reproducing Organisms Alternation of Generations No multi-cellular diploid cell How does Meiosis differ from Mitosis??? (p. 254 – 255) Homologs line up in the middle Homologs Separate d Origins of Genetic Variation 1. Crossing Over -Occurs in Prophase 1 (average of 1-3 events/chromosome) -Creates Recombinant chromosomes -Cross overs occure between nonsister homologs 2. Independent Assortment of Chromosomes -One Paternal and one Maternal chromosome goes to each daughter cell -Occurs in Metaphase 1 -With 23 chromosomes there are 8.4 million different combinations 3. Random Fertilization