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WSC Science Department Selective Breeding and Cloning –a comparison of the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each 1. Circle eeee the statements that are true for selective breeding; underline those that are true for cloning. Some may apply to both with justification Requires mitosis only, meiosis is not wanted involves genes from two parents is a relatively fast process for producing large numbers of animals and plants with desirable characteristics requires meiosis as well as mitosis Often leads to the narrowing of the gene pool Takes a long time(several generations) to produce breeds with the desirable phenotypes Involves genes from one parent Has been used to improve crops yields Can be sped up by embryo transfer to use few female genetic parents Can lead to unknowingly selecting for undesirable characteristics Over thousands of years has developed numerous breeds from an ancestral type Is a very precise method for raising organisms with desirable characteristics Can be sped up by the use of artificial insemination to require few male parents Causes a change in the genetic makeup of the population(breed) Raising plants from cuttings or by grafting is a low technological version Can be expensive and unpredictable Always involves whole organisms Tissue culture is a relatively high technological version May involve whole organisms or selected genes Offspring are have some genetic diversity Leads to the rapid production of genetically superior animals Too much use reduces genetic variation and susceptibility to changed conditions Offspring are genetically identical Can be used to produce transgenic animals and plants Has produced most of the crop plants and animals raised for food or clothing Can require the use of hormones eg in tissue culture or egg harvesting Can be manipulated to rapidly produce numerous mutants (=genetically diversity) Pure bred animals are homozygous for the characteristic traits 2. Now list the characteristics in the appropriate column Selective breeding Cloning 3. Use the above characteristics to write an answer to the question “What are the advantages and disadvantages of using either selective breeding or cloning for the production of human food and clothing?” You might begin by outlining the characteristics of both-ie how they are similar and how they are different. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………............................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................... Answers Selective breeding Over thousands of years has developed numerous breeds from an ancestral type Has produced most of the crop plants and animals raised for food or clothing Takes a long time(several generations) to produce breeds with the desirable phenotypes involves genes from two parents Always involves whole organisms requires meiosis as well as mitosis Offspring are have some genetic diversity Often leads to the narrowing of the gene pool Pure bred animals are homozygous for the characteristic traits Can be sped up by the use of artificial insemination to require few male parents Can be sped up by embryo transfer to use few female genetic parents Has been used to improve crops yields Causes a change in the genetic makeup of the population(breed) Can lead to unknowingly selecting for undesirable characteristics Cloning Raising plants from cuttings or by grafting is a low technological version Is a very precise method for raising organisms with desirable characteristics Leads to the rapid production of genetically superior animals Involves genes from one parent May involve whole organisms or selected genes Requires mitosis only, meiosis is not wanted Offspring are genetically identical Often leads to the narrowing of the gene pool Is a relatively fast process for producing large numbers of animals and plants with desirable characteristics Can be expensive and unpredictable Tissue culture is a relatively high technological version Can be used to produce transgenic animals and plants (=have genes from different species) Too much use reduces genetic variation and susceptibility to changed conditions Can require the use of hormones eg in tissue culture or egg harvesting Can require the use of hormones eg in tissue culture or egg harvesting Can be manipulated to rapidly produce numerous mutants (=genetically diversity)