Download A) chemical bonds between carbon atoms are formed during

1. ATP is a compound that is synthesized when
A) chemical bonds between carbon atoms are formed
during photosynthesis
B) energy stored in chemical bonds is released
during cellular respiration
C) energy stored in nitrogen is released, forming
amino acids
D) digestive enzymes break amino acids into smaller
parts
2. Respiration is best described as a process by which
A)
B)
C)
D)
necessary nutrients are circulated
hydrogen is used to synthesize glucose
metabolic wastes are absorbed
chemical energy is converted into a usable form
5. Which cell structures are correctly paired with their
functions?
A) The mitochondria produce enzymes, and ribosomes
transport them.
B) The ribosomes make proteins, and the nucleus
stores genetic information.
C) The cell membrane make enzymes, and cytoplasm
transports them.
D) The vacuole stores genetic information, and
chloroplasts make proteins.
6. The cell represented below produces oxygen.
3. All of the following are true regarding cells except?
A)
B)
C)
D)
All cells have genetic material
All cells have cell walls
All cells have plasma membranes
All cells can divide to form new cells
4. Base your answer to the following question on The
diagram below represents levels of organization in living
things.
Which structure allows the passage of this oxygen to the
environment?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
7. Within which structure shown in the diagram below are
energy-rich organic compounds used to produce ATP?
Which term would best represent X?
A) human
C) stomach
B) tissue
D) chloroplast
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
8. Which cell structure contains information needed for
protein synthesis?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
9. What organelle releases energy for metabolic activity in
cells?
A) chloroplast
C) mitochondrion
B) ribosome
D) vacuole
10. Which diagram best represents the relative locations of the structures in the list below?
A–chromosome
B–nucleus
C–cell
D–gene
A)
B)
C)
11. Base your answer to the following question on Which
letter indicates a cell structure that directly controls the
movement of molecules into and out of the cell?
D)
12. Which organelle is correctly paired with its function?
A) nucleus — provides carbohydrates for
fermentation
B) chloroplast — serves as a site for
photosynthesis
C) centriole — synthesizes digestive enzymes
D) lysosome — packages cellular products
13. What would most likely happen if the ribosomes in a
cell were not functioning?
A) Q
B) R
C) S
D) T
A) The cell would undergo uncontrolled mitotic cell
division.
B) The synthesis of enzymes would stop.
C) The cell would produce antibodies.
D) The rate of transport of glucose in the cytoplasm
would increase.
14. Which statement describes starches, fats, proteins, and
DNA?
19. Base your answer to the following question on In the
diagram below, which substance belongs in area Z?
A) They are used to store genetic information.
B) They are complex molecules made from smaller
molecules.
C) They are used to assemble larger inorganic
materials.
D) They are simple molecules used as energy sources.
15. Water is classified as an inorganic compound because
it
A)
B)
C)
D)
does not contain carbon
does not contain nitrogen
contains hydrogen
contains oxygen
16. Which compound is inorganic?
A)
B)
C)
D)
glucose (C6Hl2O6)
carbon dioxide (CO 2)
ethane (C2H6)
stearic acid (C l8H36O2)
17. A chemical analysis of organisms from each kingdom
shows that living things are primarily composed of the
elements
A)
B)
C)
D)
carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and sulfur
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
iron, calcium, hydrogen, and oxygen
chlorine, carbon, calcium, and sulfur
18. Base your answer to the following question on Groups
A and B in the table below contain molecular formulas
of compounds.
How would the compounds in these groups be
chemically classified?
A) group A - inorganic group B - organic
B) group A - organic
group B - inorganic
C) group A - monosaccharides group B - disaccharides
D) group A - disaccharides group B - monosaccharides
A) water
C) nitrogen
B) oxygen
D) carbon
20. Which substance plays a major role in most of the
chemical reactions that occur in a living cell?
A) water
C) glycerol
B) glycogen
D) maltose
21. Which class of molecules is responsible for speeding up
chemical reactions?
A) Sugars
C) Genetic material
B) Fats
D) Enzymes
22. Which statement about enzymes is not correct?
A) Enzymes are composed of polypeptide chains.
B) Enzymes form a temporary association with a
reactant.
C) Enzymes are destroyed when they are used and
must be synthesized for each reaction.
D) Enzymes are specific because of their shape and
catalyze only certain reactions.
23. Base your answer to the following question on
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a toxic by-product of
cellular metabolism in aerobic organisms. The reaction
below occurs within the cells to prevent the
accumulation of hydrogen peroxide.
In this reaction, catalase functions as an
A)
B)
C)
D)
enzyme in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
enzyme in the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide
emulsifier in the digestion of hydrogen peroxide
indicator in the detection of hydrogen peroxide
24. Which statement explains the importance of
maintaining a constant internal environment to ensure
proper enzyme functioning?
A) Changes in pH and temperature will cause the
enzyme reaction rate to be too fast.
B) Temperature and pH determine amino acid
sequences in enzymes.
C) Changes in pH will change the genetic instructions
of enzymes.
D) Increasing the temperature and pH can alter
the specific shape of enzymes.
25. The sweet taste of freshly picked corn is due to the high
sugar content in the kernels. Enzyme action converts
about 50% of the sugar to starch within one day after
picking. To preserve its sweetness, the freshly picked
corn is immersed in boiling water for a few minutes,
and then cooled. Which statement most likely explains why the boiled
corn kernels remain sweet?
A) Boiling destroys sugar molecules so they cannot
be converted to starch.
B) Boiling kills a fungus on the corn that is needed to
convert sugar to starch.
C) Boiling activates the enzyme that converts amino
acids to sugar.
D) Boiling deactivates the enzyme responsible for
converting sugar to starch
26. Since salivary enzymes normally operate best at a pH
close to neutral, the optimum pH range for the
hydrolysis of carbohydrates in the human mouth would
be
A) 3-5
B) 4-6
C) 6-8
D) 8-10
27. The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdown of
carbohydrates, but it will not affect the breakdown of
proteins. The ability of an enzyme molecule to interact
with specific molecules is most directly determined by
the
A)
B)
C)
D)
shapes of the molecules involved
number of molecules involved
sequence of bases present in ATP
amount of glucose present in the cell
28. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents stages in the
digestion of a starch, and on your knowledge of
biology.
The structure labeled X most likely represents
A) an antibody
C) an enzyme
B) a receptor molecule
D) a hormone
29. Base your answer to the following question on An enzyme and four different molecules are shown in the
diagram below.
Which molecules would this enzyme most likely affect in a reaction?
A) molecule A, only
C) molecules B and D
B) molecule C, only
D) molecules A and C
30. Glucose molecules are the building blocks of what class
of macromolecule?
A) Proteins
C) Nucleotides
B) Lipids
D) Carbohydrates
31. Base your answer to the following question on on the chart below and your knowledge of Biology.
In which section of the chart do the substances starch and glycogen belong? A) A
B) E
C) C
D) I
32. Base your answer to the following question on Some structural formulas of organic molecules are shown
below.
Which structural formulas represent carbohydrate molecules?
A) 1 and 5
B) 2 and 4
C) 3 and 2
33. Base your answer to the following question on Two
molecules of the type illustrated below are combined by
dehydration synthesis.
Combining these two molecules produces
A) a protein
C) maltose
B) a lipid
D) starch
D) 4 and 3
34. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. For each of the following phrases, select
the molecule, chosen from those shown below, which is best described by that phrase.
A molecule that results from all dehydration synthesis reactions
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
35. A disaccharide combines with water to produce two
monosaccharides in the process known as
A)
B)
C)
D)
hydrolysis
dehydration synthesis
aerobic respiration
photosynthesis
Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the structural formula below and on your knowledge of
biology.
D) 4
E) 5
37. The process by which two or more of these molecules
are bonded together in a muscle cell is known as
A)
B)
C)
D)
enzymatic hydrolysis
anaerobic respiration
dehydration synthesis
carbon fixation
38. What are the building blocks of lipids?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Glucose
Amino acids
Fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleic acids
39. Animals commonly store energy in the form of
A)
B)
C)
D)
36. Which high-molecular-weight substances are made up
of repeating units of these molecules?
A)
B)
C)
D)
starch and cellulose
hemoglobin and protease
fats and oils
polypeptides and nucleic acids
fat and glycogen
waxes and oils
minerals and urea
water and carbon dioxide
40. Vegetable oils, such as corn oil, belong to which
general class of organic substances?
A) lipids
C) carbohydrates
B) proteins
D) salts
41. Amino acids are the building blocks of which class of
macromolecules?
A) Proteins
C) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
D) Nucleotides
42. The function of most proteins depends primarily on the
A)
B)
C)
D)
type and order of amino acids
environment of the organism
availability of starch molecules
nutritional habits of the organism
43. In what class of organic molecules would hemoglobin,
insulin, albumin, and maltase, all of which are
composed of chains of amino acids, be placed into?
A) proteins
C) lipids
B) nucleic acids
D) carbohydrates
44. A pesticide that kills an insect by interfering with the
production of proteins in the insect would most directly
affect the activity of
A) ribosomes
C) chloroplasts
B) minerals
D) mitochondria
45. Researchers performing a well-designed experiment
should base their conclusions on
A) the hypothesis of the experiment
B) data from repeated trials of the experiment
C) a small sample size to insure a reliable outcome of
the experiment
D) results predicted before performing the experiment
46. Which statement best describes the term theory as used
in the gene-chromosome theory?
A) A theory is never revised as new scientific
evidence is presented.
B) A theory is an assumption made by scientists and
implies a lack of certainty.
C) A theory refers to a scientific explanation that
is strongly supported by a variety of
experimental data.
D) A theory is a hypothesis that has been supported
by one experiment performed by two or more
scientists.
47. A company that manufactures a popular multivitamin
wanted to determine whether their multivitamin had
any side effects. For its initial study, the company
chose 2000 individuals to take one of their
multivitamin tablets per day for one year. Scientists
from the company surveyed the participants to
determine whether they had experienced any side
effects. The greatest problem with this procedure is that
A)
B)
C)
D)
only one brand of vitamin was tested
the study lasted only one year
the sample size was not large enough
no control group was used
48. As part of an investigation, 10 bean seedlings in one
setup were grown in the dark, while 10 seedlings in
another setup were grown in sunlight. All other growth
conditions were kept the same in both setups. The
seedlings grown in the dark were white with long,
slender stems. These seedlings eventually died. The
seedlings grown in the sunlight were green and healthy.
Which hypothesis was most likely being tested in this
investigation?
A) Plants grown in the dark cannot perform the
process or respiration.
B) Sunlight is necessary for the normal growth of
bean plants.
C) Light is necessary for the germination of bean
seeds.
D) Light is necessary for proper mineral absorption
by plants.
49. A clear plastic ruler is placed across the middle of the field of view of a compound light microscope. A
row of cells can be seen under low-power magnification (100×).
What is the average length of a single cell in micrometers (µm)?
A) 10µm
B) 100µm
C) 200µm
D) 2000µm
50. The diagram below represents the measurement of a biological specimen.
What is the approximate length of the specimen in millimeters?
A) 25 mm
B) 30 mm
C) 35 mm
51. A laboratory procedure calls for heating 50 milliliters of
a liquid sugar solution to 60°C. Which piece of
laboratory equipment will not be needed?
A) protective eyewear B) ruler
C) thermometer
D) graduated cylinder
52. Which environmental factor could have a temperature
of 39ºC?
A) water temperature at the North Pole in March
B) water temperature in a lake in New York State in
January
C) air temperature in a desert in the southwestern
United States during a day in July
D) air temperature in the Adirondack Mountains of
New York State in December
D) 40 mm
Base your answers to questions 53 through 56 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.
A student wants to bake the biggest loaf of bread in the local baking contest. Each contestant must
use the same amounts of flour, sugar, and yeast, but is allowed to vary the type of sugar. Yeast is a
microorganism that carries out cellular respiration, which produces carbon dioxide, making the bread
rise. The student designs an experiment using the setup below to determine which sugar source
(glucose, sucrose, or fructose) will cause the yeast to produce the most carbon dioxide and therefore,
the biggest loaf of bread.
53. State one assumption the student makes in deciding which type of sugar should be used to produce the
biggest loaf of bread.
54. In addition to bottles A, B, and C, the student sets up a control bottle, D. Write the contents of bottle D on
the blank line on the diagram below.
55. Describe the specific type of data to be collected.
56. State one hypothesis this experiment would test.
57. Base your answer to the following question on Data from two different cells are shown in the graphs
below.
Which cell is most likely a plant cell? Support your answer.
58. Base your answer to question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
In a cell, a variety of structures perform specific functions and interact to maintain homeostasis. The
diagram below represents a typical cell with three cell structures labeled 1, 2, and 3.
Select one cell structure labeled in the diagram and write its number in the space below. Explain how the
cell structure you selected helps maintain homeostasis in a cell.
In your answer, be sure to:• identify the cell structure you selected
• state one function of this cell structure
• identify one substance that is often associated with the cell structure you selected and state how that
substance is associated with the cell structure
• identify one other cell structure and explain how it interacts with the cell structure you selected to
maintain homeostasis in the cell
59. Write the structures listed below in order from least complex to most complex.
organ
cell
organism
organelle
tissue
60. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents a cell viewed using a
compound light microscope.
Select one of the lettered parts from the diagram. Record the letter of the part chosen in the space provided
on your answer paper and, using one or more complete sentences, state the function of the part.
61. Base your answer to the following question on Using
appropriate information, fill in spaces A and B in the
chart below. In space A identify an organ in the human
body where molecules diffuse into the blood. In space B
identify a specific molecule that diffuses into the blood
at this organ.
Answer Key
Homework 1/3
1.
B
37.
C
2.
D
38.
C
3.
B
39.
A
4.
B
40.
A
5.
B
41.
A
6.
B
42.
A
7.
A
43.
A
8.
A
44.
A
9.
C
45.
B
10.
B
46.
C
11.
B
47.
D
12.
B
48.
B
13.
B
49.
C
14.
B
50.
A
15.
A
51.
B
16.
B
52.
C
17.
B
53.
18.
B
19.
D
20.
A
21.
D
22.
C
23.
A
24.
D
25.
D
26.
C
27.
A
28.
C
29.
B
30.
D
31.
B
32.
A
33.
C
34.
E
35.
A
36.
A
— Yeast uses sugar
for respiration. — The
type of sugar used
will make a
difference. — When
mixed in the bread
dough, the yeast will
undergo respiration
the same as it does in
the bottle. — The
sugar that results in
the greatest amount of
carbon dioxide
production in the
experiment will
produce the biggest
loaf of bread. — It is
the sugar that
influences the size of
the loaf of bread. —
Changing the kind of
sugar would make a
greater difference
than changing the
kind of flour.
54.
61.
55.
— balloon
size/circumference —
amount of carbon
dioxide in the balloon
56.
— If sucrose (or
glucose or fructose) is
the best sugar, then it
will result in the
greatest amount of
carbon dioxide being
produced. — When
yeast and sucrose (or
glucose or fructose)
are combined in a
container with a
balloon over it, the
balloon will inflate
the most. — If
sucrose (or glucose or
fructose) is the sugar
used, the loaf of bread
produced will be the
biggest.
57.
Example: - Cell 1,
because it contains
chloroplasts. - Cell 1,
because it has a cell
wall.
58.
(essay)
59.
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organism
60.
Examples: A - It is the
organelle in which
photosynthesis takes
place. or B - It is the
organelle which stores
materials. or C - It
directs the activities
of the cell.
Answer Key
Homework 1/3
58.
Structure 1
• ribosome • site of protein synthesis • amino acid — used to make proteins • nucleus — the ribosome gets
instructions from the nucleus determining which proteins are produced by the cell
Structure 2
• nucleus • control of cell processes • DNA — makes up the chromosomes in the nucleus
• ribosome — nucleus sends instructions to ribosomes for protein synthesis
Structure 3
• mitochondrion • site of energy release/cell respiration • ATP — produced in the mitochondrion
• cell membrane — allows glucose to enter cell and be used by the mitochondrion for energy release