Download Document

DO NOW
• WAIT FOR ASSIGNED SEAT
• Then…
Chemical Reactions
Enzymes
• Chemical reactions change one set of molecules into
a new set of molecules.
• .
• Chemical reactions change
one set of molecules into a
new set of molecules.
• The molecules that you start
with in a chemical reaction
are called the reactants.
• The molecules that you end
• with are called products.
REACTANTS ---------> PRODUCTS
• Chemical reactions change reactants into
completely different products.
• Chemical reactions change reactants into
completely different products.
• In chemical reactions, bonds can be broken and
bonds can be formed.
• When something is broken down, it is called
digestion.
• When something is built up, it is called synthesis.
Synthesis
• A chemical reaction can join many monomers
together to form a polymer.
• A monomer is a single, simple molecule.
• A polymer is large, complex molecule made when
many monomers are joined together.
Glucose
STARCH
• Through chemical reactions….
– glucose can be built into starch
– simple sugars can be built into carbohydrates
– amino acids can be built into proteins.
• Through chemical reactions…
– starch can be digested into glucose
– carbohydrates can be digested into simple sugars
– proteins can be digested into amino acids.
• There are thousands of chemical reactions that
occur in the human body.
• Chemical reactions are needed to break down food,
to repair cells, to create energy, to send messages,
to fight invaders, to transport materials, and so
much more.
• There are thousands of chemical reactions that
occur in the human body.
• Chemical reactions are needed to break down food,
to repair cells, to create energy, to send messages,
to fight invaders, to transport materials, and so
much more.
• Your body needs to do over 200
TRILLION chemical reactions PER
SECOND for you to stay alive!!!!!!!
• A catalyst is a molecule that speeds up the
rate of chemical reactions.
• A catalyst is a molecule that speeds up the
rate of chemical reactions.
• The catalysts in our body are called enzymes.
• Enzymes are special protein molecules that
speed up the rate of chemical reactions in
living things.
• Enzymes can catalyze, or speed up, chemical
reactions 10 million times faster than they would
occur on their own.
• Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in living
things would not happen fast enough to sustain life.
• There are MANY different enzymes in the body.
• Every chemical reaction has a specific enzyme
helper.
• In other words, each enzyme is designed to work
with ONE specific reaction.
For example…
• A SPECIFC enzyme is designed to digest
carbohydrates into simple sugars.
• This enzyme is called “amylase”
To sum up enzymes…
• Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical
reactions in living things.
What do we know about enzymes?
What do we know about enzymes?
•
•
•
•
Enzymes are catalysts
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions
Each chemical reaction has a specific enzyme
Enzymes speed up the synthesis and digestion of
molecules in living things.
• All enzymes are proteins.