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A Quest for the Holy Land The Crusades were a series of attempts to gain Christian control of the Holy Land, had a profound economic, political, and social impact on the societies and the religions involved. Vocabulary Crusades Jerusalem Schism Pope Urban II First Crusade Second Crusade Saladin King Richard IF – T3 Muslim Moors Invade Europe, 711 Battles of Tours & Poitier, 732 Eastern Mediterranean in 11c-12c A long series or Wars between Christians and Muslims The Crusades were a series of attempts to gain Christian control of the Holy Land, had a profound economic, political, and social impact on the societies and the religions involved. Crusades Causes of the Crusades Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem from the Byzantine Empire Muslims stopped Christians from Visiting Holy Land Christian pilgrims were attacked Byzantine Empire feared attack on Constantinople In 1054, permanent split or schism occurred between the Orthodox Christian Church in the East and the Roman Catholic Church in the West. Roman Catholicism v. Eastern Orthodox Schism(Split) – 1054 AD Roman Catholicism – In West Centered in Rome Priests were celibate Latin used in services Supported use of icons Headed by Pope Becomes Roman Catholic Church • Eastern Orthodox – In East Centered in Constantinople Priests could marry Greek used in services Forbid use of icons Headed by Patriarch Becomes Eastern Orthodox Church Patriarch POPE The Call to Arms Pope Urban II called for the defeat of the Turks, returning the Holy Land to the Christians Who Answered the Call? Feudal Lords Knights Peasants The First Crusade (1096-1099) Peasant army Untrained Lacked military equipment Many killed by Muslim Turks Knights sent by Lords Succeeded in capturing Jerusalem Only Christian Victory of the Crusades http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7cUuxh3CYY 32- 41 minutes Second Crusade (1147-1149) After victory many Christians went back home. The Turks eventually took back much of the territory. King of France and Emperor of Germany sent troops to stop the Turks. Second Crusade (1147-1149) Saladin – the leader of the Muslim Turks who defeated the Christians and claimed the Holy Land for Islam * He was considered a very wise ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry. Third Crusade (1189-1192) King Richard – king of England who had a reputation as a great military leader and warrior Had meetings with Saladin and convinced the Turkish Muslim leader to allow Christians to visit the Holy Land Crusades Continue Through 1200’s Several more crusades attempted with no victories for the Christians Children’s crusade, - 30,000 soldiers - many of them under 12 years old – Never made it to the Holy Land The Western Crusades Results of the Crusades IF – T3 I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military, leads to the end of the Middle Ages, decline of Pope’s power. T = Turks still rule the Holy Land, increased hatred between religions T = Travel – Europeans want to travel and explore T = Trade – Europeans want product from the East such as sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc. Spanish Reconquista: 711-1492 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMjUFBYEzqQ 1. What were the causes of the Crusades? 2. What were the effects of the Crusades? Draw Conclusions How did people’s attitudes change after the Crusades? Answer(s): Europeans became more intolerant and saw Jews and Muslims as enemies; Jews and Muslims saw the Crusaders as enemies, Religious intolerance increased and changed the dynamics of the major world religions. HW Read and complete questions on worksheet titled – The Crusades Rock Around the Clock