Download Prostista[1]

Kingdom Protista
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If you look at a drop of pond water under a
microscope, all the "little creatures" you
see swimming around are protists.
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All protists have a nucleus Protists are
either plant-like, animal-like or fungus-like.
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Plant-like protists are autotrophs – they
contain chloroplasts and make their own
food.
Animal-like and fungus-like protists and
are heterotrophs.
 Protozoans
are animal-like protists
(heterotrophs) grouped according to how
they move.
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The word protozoa means "little animal."
They are so named because many species
behave like tiny animals—specifically, they
hunt and gather other microbes as food.
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All protozoa digest their food in stomachlike compartments called vacuoles <vacyou-ohls>. As they chow down, they
make and give off nitrogen, which is an
element that plants and other higher
creatures can use.
Protozoa range in size from 1/5,000 to
1/50 of an inch (5 to 500 µm) in diameter.
They can be classified into three general
groups based on how they move.
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The first group is the phylum Rhizopoda.
These are amoebae <ah-me-bee>, which
can be subdivided into the testate
amoebae, which have a shell-like
covering, and the naked amoebae, which
don't have this covering.
Amoebae ooze along by means of
pseudopodia (false feet) engulfing food as
they go.
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Amoebae live in water or moist
places.
They have a cell membrane but no
cell wall.
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The second group is the Flagellates <flahgeh-lets>, of the phylum Zoomastigina.
Flagellates are generally the smallest of
the protozoa and have one or several
long, whip-like projections called flagella
poking out of their cells.
Flagellates use their flagella to move.
It is a flagellate in the intestines of
termites which enable them to eat wood.
Both organisms benefit…..what kind of
relationship do they have?
Giardia
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The third group of protozoans are the
ciliates from the phylum Ciliophora. These
are generally the largest protozoa.
They are covered with hair-like projections
called cilia and they eat the other two
types of protozoa as well as bacteria.
Ciliates are found in every aquatic habitat.
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The last of the Protozoans come from the
phylum, Sporozoa.
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These are parasitic and nonmotile.
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For example……
DIATOMS
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Multicellular algae are classified by color.
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Giant Kelp are the largest and most complex
brown algae. They have hold fasts and air
bladders.
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The last of the multicellular algae are the
green algae from the Phylum chlorophyta.
Most green algae are found in fresh water
habitats.
A Volvox is a hollow boll composed of
hundreds of flagellated cells in a single layer.
Chlamydomonas are actually unicellular and
flagellated.
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There are four phyla in the Protista Kingdom
Amoeba
Flagellates
Ciliates
Sporozoans
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Protozoans are found in many environments.
Oceans
Ponds
Rivers
Streams
Soil
Lakes
Ditches
Creeks
And as Parasites
DISADVANTAGES OF PROTOZOANS
 They can produce diseases such as
Malaria and Dysentery.
ADVANTAGES OF PROTOZOANS
 THEY ARE AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF FOOD
FOR A MULTITUDE OF SEA ANIMALS.
 THEY CONTRIBUTE TO THE FORMATION OF
SOIL BY ASSISTING IN THE DECAY OF
PLANTS AND ANIMALS.
 THE HARD COVERING OF MANY
PROTOZOANS ACCUMULATES TO FORM
ROCKS.
THE GREAT PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT
THE CHALK CLIFFS OF DOVER ,ENGLAND
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Amoeba – Comes from the Greek word meaning
change.
Contractile vacuole- stores water
Food vacuole - stores food
Pseudopods- helps it move
Nucleus- controls the activities of the cell
Cell membrane- separates it from it’s
environment
Ectoplasm and endoplasm -is the liquid part of
the cell and it is made up of water, salts and
compounds.
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The paramecium – Phyla Ciliates
Cilia used for moving
Contractile vacuole stores water
Food vacuole stores food
Macronucleus and micronucleus controls the
activities of the cell.
Pellicle covers the cell membrane and acts like a
skeleton
Trichocysts are defence structures that shoot
out like long threads
The food enters the oral grooveand falls into the
mouth cavity. It then collects in a sac called a
gullet. When the gullet gets full it breaks away
and becomes a food vacuole.
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Flagellum helps it move
Contractile vacuole stores water
Eyespot searches for light
Chloroplast cells contains chlorophyll that
traps the sunlight.
Reservoir stores extra water
Nucleus controls the cell’s activities.