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Judaism
By: Alyssa W., Matthew M., Jared M. ,& Carter B. Overview​: Judaism is one of the three abrahamic religions others being Christianity and Islam. Today only 13.1 million jews exist, most reside in the USA and Israel. Judaism was founded by Abraham and Moses 3,500 years ago in the middle east. They study the first five books of the Christian Bible, they call that the Torah. Jews believe they are God's chosen people and that His word is law. Origins​: Judaism first developed around ​1810 BC (3,500 years ago) in the Mideast by Moses, although most Jews trace their origins all the way back to Abraham. Founders​: Abraham and Moses. At three years old, Abraham recognized the existence of God and devoted his life to spreading God’s word. Moses is talked about in the old testament because he is credited for taking the children of Israel out of Egypt, and receiving the Torah from God. Sacred Text​: Sacred Writings in Judaism teach Jew’s how to live ethical and moral lives, laws that regulate Jewish life. Their main sacred texts include the ​Tanakh​, which is the Jewish bible composed of the Torah, Nevi’im, and Ketuvim. There are also the ​Mishnah, Talmud, and the Midrash. The Torah​: Five Books; Moses, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Considered the absolute foundation of Judaism. These books were given to Moses on Mt. Sinai with the 10 commandments and the Oral Law, all written in Hebrew Nevi’im​: Contains books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Later Prophets. Partly historical, mainly prophetic and teaches ethics and morals to people straying from God’s way The Mishnah: ​Written compilation of Oral Law. Explains how to carry out laws of the Torah. Final form written down in 220 C.E. after being orally passed down since 586 B.C.E. The Talmud​: Two forms, Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud. The most widely used version is the Babylonian. This is the ultimate document of rabbinic thinking. The Midrash: ​The ‘answers’ to the many questions The Bible and all its parts raise. Core Beliefs​: (​1) Relationship with God:​ Jew’s believed in a single God that created the universe and someone his followers can have a personal relationship with. Jew’s keep God’s laws and Jew’s seek to bring holiness into every aspect of their lives (2) Judaism is the faith of a community:​ ​Jew’s believe God appointed them to be his chosen people. There are activities and prayers they must do as a community. (3) Judaism is a family faith: ​Jews believe a Jew is classified as someone who is the child of a jewish mother. Judaism means living the faith. Impact​ ​on Empire/region​: Jews have lived in Rome since second century BC. Both Julius Caesar and Augustus supported Judaism and allowed laws to be made to protect their worship of God. Their Churches were classified as colleges to get around previous Roman laws banning secret societies and temples. Timeline 1713 B.C.E­ Abraham forms the first covenant with god 1280 B.C.E­ Moses leads the Jews away from Egypt 970 B.C.E­ King Solomon builds the first temple 920 B.C.E­ Israel splits into two kingdoms 722 B.C.E­ The Assyrians conquer Israel and launch Jewish diaspora 164 B.C.E­ The Maccabees regain power in Jerusalem and purify the temples 66 B.C.E­ Jewish revolt against Roman rule 200 C.E­ The Mishnah is compiled 1096 C.E­ Jewish massacre on first crusade 1893 C.E­ Abraham Geiger promotes Jewish reform in Europe 1897 C.E­ First Zionist congress convenes 1939 C.E­ Nuremberg laws begin to revoke Jewish rights in Germany 1948 C.E­ The state of Israel is create​d Bibliography: Benjamin, Jonathan, Simon Spiro, and Oliver Karras. "Sacred Texts and Writings ­ NSW Board Of Jewish Education." ​
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