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Romulus and
Remus
According to
myth, Romulus
and Remus
founded Rome
in 753 BCE.
The city of Rome began as a group of small villages
located on seven hills on the Tiber River. The villages
grew until they became a town and eventually this town
grew into an Empire.
Around 500 BCE, the Romans overthrew the Etruscan
king and established a Republic. Citizens were allowed
to vote and to choose the people who would run the
government.
To keep the Etruscans from regaining power, the
Romans begin to attack the surrounding Etruscan cities
or establish alliances with them.
The Roman Empire from 500 BCE to 117 BCE
Cities were
crowded, dirty and
Loud.
Most people lived
in Apartments
which were poorly
built and often
collapsed.
The wealthy lived
in large,
comfortable houses
To keep peace, the
government offered
“bread and
circuses”
Bread and circuses:
chariot races and
Gladiator events.
Gladiators fought
animals and each
other. Most were
enslaved people,
criminals, or the
poor.
They were admired
similar to sports
heroes today.
Family was important
Families were large
Included: Parents, young children,
married children and their families,
other relatives and servants.
The father was the head of the
household.
The father punished children for
misbehavior and arranged marriages
Wealthy families hired
tutors for their children,
poor families didn’t send
their children to school.
Older boys studied
reading, writing and
public speaking at
schools while older girls
studied reading and
writing and household
skills at home.
Between 14-16 boys
celebrated becoming a
man. He burnt his toys as
offerings
Had some rights
but were not full
citizens.
Had strong
influence on
their families.
Wives of
emperors often
influenced
political
decisions
Women could own land, run
a business, and sell property.
Managed the household, and
servants.
They could attend the theater
or amphitheater but had to sit
in areas separate from men.
Women with
less freedom
spent more
time working
but could leave
the house to
shop, visit
friends,
worship at
temple, or go to
the baths.
They could
hold public
jobs
A woman’s freedoms depended on the wealth of her husband
Imagine you are from Ancient Rome, write a letter to a friend in
Greece telling him or her about your life.
what do you do on a daily basis,
how is your life different from theirs?
What is your family life like?
THINK ABOUT THE THINGS WE DISCUSSED WITH THE
ETRUSCANS, WHAT YOU SAW IN THE POWER POINTS
WITH YOUR GROUP AND WHAT WE HAVE TALKED
ABOUT TODAY!!!!!!
Pantheon= temple built to honor the Roman Gods
First to invent and use concrete.
Based greatly on
the Greek style of
art and
architecture
Colosseum=arena
Used Greek columns and added
their own features such as arches
and domes. Vaulted ceilings.
Virgil took many of his ideas
from Homer.
Horace wrote Satire=poked fun
at human weaknesses and
Odes=told of strong emotions
about life.
Ovid wrote tales
based on Greek
myths.
Enjoyed plays which were based on
tragedies and comedies. The
Roman language of Latin became
the language for European
government, trade and learning.
based on Greek style.
Roman
historians
recorded the
events of their
civilizations,
Livy wrote
History of
Rome.
Gaylon: a
Greek
doctor
brought the
study of
Anatomy to
Rome
Engineers built a massive system
of roads and bridges connecting
the empires. This made travel
and trade more accessible. Built
aqueducts to bring water to the
cities. They also developed a
sewer system
Ptolemy from Alexandria,
Egypt studied the sky, he
mapped over 1,000 stars and
studied the movement of the
planets and stars.
How has Roman Architecture influenced our world today?
How has Roman Literature influenced our world today?
How has Roman Science and Engineering influenced our
world today?
GIVE EXAMPLES……………
POLYTHEISTIC
Spirits lived in
Natural things like
trees and rivers
Honored Gods
with prayer
and offerings
Diana:
Goddess of
the hunt
Mars: God of War
Minerva:
Goddess of
Wisdom
Neptune:
God of the
Sea
Jupiter:
Chief
God/God of
the Sky
Mercury:
Messenger
God
Venus:
Goddess of
love
Juno:
Wife of
the chief
god
Pluto: God
of the
underworld
Early Romans
Patricians
Plebeians
Both
Wealthy
landowners
Made up the
ruling class.
Artisans, Shop
keepers, and small
farm owners
Could not hold public
office.
Had the right to vote
Paid taxes
Served in the Army
Intermarriage among
the Classes was not
allowed.
Triparite Government
Law Makers
Government
Rulers
Judges
Checks and Balances
Both have checks & balances to prevent
one group from getting too powerful.
Rome’s government didn’t separate the
powers like the U.S. does.
Consuls
Replaced kings
• 2 were elected each term
•Served one year.
•Headed the Army
•Could veto each others decisions.
Senate
Rich nobles
•Controlled Government
•Proposed laws
•300 Patrician men
•Served for life
Peoples’ Assembly
Common People
•Demanded laws be
written and placed in
public places
•Could veto laws
494 B.C. Plebeians
went on strike and
refused to serve in
the Army.
Left the city to set up
their own republic
Led to Plebeian
success in gaining
power.
471 B.C. Plebeians set up
their own body of
representatives-The
Council of Plebs
Plebeians won the right to
veto government decisions
Plebeians and Patricians
were allowed to intermarry
Plebeians were allowed to
be members of the Council
The Power of Rome
Rome became the most powerful state; it gained all
control of the Mediterranean World.
Conquered cities became provinces of the Rome.
As a Roman province, citizens were entitled
Right to Vote
Pay Taxes
Be member of Roman Army
Rome became extremely wealthy due to all the taxes
being paid by citizens.
The rich became richer and poor became poorer
A major contribution to law systems around the world.
Rome’s first set of laws= 12 Tables
The 12 tables were the basis for all future Roman laws.
Established that all free citizens had the right to be treated
equally by the legal system.
Law of Nations: stated principals of Justice that applied to
all people everywhere.
Innocent until Proven Guilty
The right to defend yourself in court
Requires a judge to look at all evidence carefully
before making a decision.
This was also known as----Rule of law
Rule of law is the basis of OUR legal system
today.
First Punic War
(264B.C.)
Rome & Carthage wanted
Control of Sicily
Lasted 20 years
Romans forced Carthaginians
From Sicily, and gained control.
Second Punic War
(218 B.C.)
Rome helped the people
living in Spain rebel against
Carthage.
Carthage sent it’s greatest
general Hannibal to attack
Rome, beginning the 2nd
Punic war.
Once again Rome defeated
Carthage and gained control
of Spain.
Third Punic War
After 50 years of peace Carthage began rebuilding. Rome
attacked and burned Carthage and ruined it’s fields. The
people of Carthage were either killed or sold into slavery
An End to the Republic
Rome had become so large it depended on military rulers. In 46 BCE
Julius Caesar came into power.
Accomplishments of Julius Caesar
Built new buildings
Reduced taxes
Protected the rights of plebeians
Soldiers pledged loyalty to Caesar
Patricians thought Julius Caesar had too
much power and murdered him in 44 BCE.
Pax Romana
Octavian, known as Augustus, became emperor in 27 BCE. This
is the start of the Roman Empire. He established a 200 year
period of peace known as the Pax Romana. He called himself
Augustus which means “great.”
Accomplishments of Augustus
Maintained peace
Restored order to army
Established fair taxes
Constructed new roads and buildings
Encouraged art, science, and literature
Established a standard currency
Increased trade