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E.Q. – Identify the base pair rules and explain the process of DNA Replication. 12.1/2 Notes Pg. 58 Discovery of DNA Watson and Crick build a model of the DNA double helix. 1953 X-ray diffraction (photo 51) was used to determine the double helix shape. Rosalind Franklin function and structure of DNA Function: To store & transmit genetic information Structure: Double helix made of nucleotides (3 parts) 1. 5-carbon sugar 2. Phosphate 3. Base • Phosphate & sugar make up backbone of ladder. •Base pairs make up rungs of ladder There are 4 bases in DNA Bases: Purines Adenine Guanine Pyrimidines Thymine Cytosine hydrogen bonds The 4 bases in DNA Guanine Bases always pair together Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) • Double hydrogen bond Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) • Triple Hydrogen bond Good Company is Always Together DNA replicates itself Must happen before a cell divides (Mitosis) During S phase of Interphase Results in two exact copies of DNA DNA Replication (semi-conservative) 1. Helicase enzyme unzips DNA 2. DNA Polymerase attaches complementary base pairs DNA = NEW CHAIN= A-T-T-C-C-G T-A-A-G-G-C 3. Each DNA molecule has 1/2 old & 1/2 new 4. Semi-conservative Replication DNA replicates itself 12.1, 12.2 review 1. Draw a nucleotide pg. 329. What 3 parts make up a nucleotide? What part(s) make up the rungs? What part(s) make up the backbone? 2. What are the base pair rules? 3. Explain semiconservative replication. (draw picture to help explain—use colors) 4. Match the complementary base pairs to the following. A-T-T-G-A-C-G-G 5. Describe the role of DNA helicase, and DNA polymerase in DNA replication.