Download Review

CLASSIFICATION
Bacteria and Virus
REVIEW
Name the 3 domains
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Name this diagram used to show
evolutionary relationships between
organisms
Cladogram
Does the turtle have an amniotic egg?
Yes
Image from:http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/images/clip0075.jpg
Does the amphibian have an amniotic egg?
No
Image from:http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/images/clip0075.jpg
Name the 6 Kingdoms
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Which kingdoms belong in the
DOMAIN EUKARYA?
Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae
Are Viruses Living?
NO
Name the KINGDOM for each of these:
Protista
______________
Animalia
______________
Plantae
_______________
Methanogens
Archaebacteria
_______________
What is the science of naming
and classifying organisms called
Taxonomy
What is the study of the
evolutionary relationships and
origins among organisms
Phylogeny
Name the Kingdom for each of these:
Fungi
______________
Eubacteria
______________
Animalia
_______________
Felis Domestica: Is it written
correctly?
No both are in caps
Classification system in which each
species is assigned a two-part
scientific name
Binomial nomenclature
The Linnaean Classification
System has Limitations
• How did they
conclude that
A. Phenotype
B. Diet
C. Niche
D. DNA D
What is a bacteriophage?
A virus that infects bacteria
What is a virus made of?
Capsid-outer protein coat
Nucleic acids-DNA or RNA
Asexual reproduction in bacteria
is called
Binary fission
The science of classifying organisms and
assigning each organism a unique
universally accepted scientific name
taxonomy
Large taxonomic group made up of
closely related phyla; top level in
Linnaeus’s classification
hierarchy Kingdom
Viruses that cause cold sores are
what cycle (causes the host cell to
burst)?
Lytic cycle
What is the shape and group?
Bacillus and Diplo
or”Diplobacillus”
What is the shape and group?
Cocci and Staphylo or “Staphylococcus”
Review
2, 4, 3, 1 and 5
What type of Bacteria Reproduction is
taking place below?
• Binary Fission or Conjugation?
Binary Fission
What does the lytic cycle do to
the cell?
• A. Virus enters a bacteria cell and causes
it to burst.
• B. Virus enters an animal cell or plant cell
and causes it to burst.
• C. Virus enters its DNA into a host cell
(any cell) and waits for instructions.
• D. Virus enters its DNA into a host cell
(any cell) and the cell bursts. D
Review
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
• Which two
species are
most closely
related
(similar DNA
sequences)?
D&E
And
F &G
What is the shape?
Spirilla
Most inclusive taxonomic category
based on ribosomal RNA;
larger (broader) than a kingdom
DOMAIN
Do antibiotics kill viruses?
No
Swedish botanist who came up with
a classification system that groups
organisms in a 7 level hierarchy and
gives each a 2 part scientific name
Carolus Linnaeus
What prevents viruses?
Vaccines
What does a Vaccine do?
It creates antibodies
Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle
1. Which cycle is
the host cell
Lytic cycle
destroyed?____
2.
Which letter
indicates that the
host cell is
F
destroyed________
What is an organism that causes
disease called?
pathogen
Polysaccharide molecule used in
plant cell walls to make them sturdy
cellulose
The second part of a two part
scientific name
Species
Hereditary information found in
all living things is in what part
of the DNA molecule?
Nitrogen bases
A-T C-G
How do Viruses Reproduce?
Inside the Host Cell
What 2 ways do Bacteria reproduce?
Asexually and Sexually
If the Virus remains in your
system for a long period of
time it is what cycle?
Lysogenic Cycle
What Virus is an example of the lysogenic cycle?
HIV Virus
What type of cell is this?
bacteria
Cell Wall
A______________
Cell membrane
B_____________
Ribosomes
C______________
Pili
D______________
DNA
E______________
Flagella
F_______________
Review:
What is the cell membrane made up of?
Lipid
Bilayer
The scientific name for red maple is
Acer rubrum. To which species does
it belong?
rubrum
Silly phrase that will help you to
remember the 7 hierarchy levels
in Linnaeus’s classification system.
King Phillip Came Over For Grape Soda
NAME the 7 taxonomic levels in
Linnaeus’s hierarchy in order
starting with the largest
Kingdom
_________________
Phylum
_________________
Class
_________________
_________________
Order
Family
_________________
Genus
_________________
Species
_________________
Name the original Kingdom in the
5-Kingdom system that was split
into 2 separate bacterial kingdoms
MONERA
Name the two kingdoms that
resulted from this split
Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
The scientific name for red maple is
Acer rubrum. To which genus does
it belong?
Acer
What is the scientific name or
binomial nomenclature for the red maple?
Acer rubrum
1st name capitalized, second name lower case,
Underlined or in italics
Review: Where is the greatest
biomass found?
Producers: plants
What places can you find good
bacteria?
Yogurt, Cheese, Sourdough Bread
Why is bacteria used in making these
Products?
Reproduce quickly and are cheap
to use.
• Which one is NOT a Virus: Hepatitis,
Influenza and Strep. Streptococcus
True or False
F Viruses have ribosomes
T Bacteria have DNA
T Bacteria have ribosomes
T Viruses have DNA or RNA
T Bacteria have a cell membrane and cell wall
• If elements are to be recycled in nature,
which organisms must be present?
• A. decomposers
B. Predators
• C. Herbivores
D. Parasites
A. Decomposers are Mushrooms and Bacteria
Review: Bacteria secrete an enzyme which
breaks down food. What can slow this down?
Cooling it down: Put it in the Refrigerator
it slows down the enzyme.
Brackish water is composed of marine and
fresh waters. What type of wetland would you
expect to find brackish water?
Estuary
Name the two languages used
by scientists when coming up
with a scientific name
Greek & Latin
Suppose you discover a new single-celled
organism. It has a nucleus, mitochondria,
and chloroplasts. Into which Kingdom
would you place it?
PROTISTAunicellular, eukaryote, with chloroplasts
Is this true or
false?
Do Termites, roaches, and mantids
share a common ancestor. TRUE
Both snakes and worms are
tube-shaped with no legs.
How could you determine if their similarity in
shape means that they share a recent
common ancestor?
Examine internal structures to see if similar;
Compare DNA to look for similarities
What is the name of the virus
composed of RNA?
Retrovirus using the
enzyme Reverse Transcriptase
What do antibiotics kill in the
bacteria cell?
cell wall
Give an example of an organism
in the fungi kingdom.
Mushrooms, yeast, mold
Why are some bacteria not being killed
by antibiotics?
Antibiotic Resistance occurs as a result of
natural selection, as individuals who are
more resistant survive and reproduce.
What are 3 causes for drug resistant
bacteria?
1. Overuse
2. Underuse
3. Misuse
Review:
A
B
C
D
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
photosynthesis only
cellular respiration only
both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
neither photosynthesis or cellular respiration
24._____Occurs
in plants
C
25. _____Occurs
in animals
B
26. _____Reactant
is sunlight, carbon dioxide and water
A
B
27. _____Occurs
in the mitochondria
28. _____Occurs
in heterotrophs
B
29. _____Must
use O2
B
30. _____Produces
ATP by breaking down high energy sugars
B
31. _____Splits
water to liberate O2
A
32. _____Occurs
in most autotrophs
C
33. _____Glucose
is a final product
A
34._____Occurs
in the Golgi body
D
Organisms that eat other
organisms.
Heterotrophs
A cell with a nucleus
eukaryote
What do endospores on bacteria do?
Help it survive
harsh conditions
like cold or hot
conditions.
Organism that can make its own
food using photosynthesis or
chemosynthesis
autotroph
Cell with out a nucleus
prokaryote
Name the KINGDOM for each of these:
Includes PROKARYOTES
with peptidoglycan in their
cell walls
Includes HETEROTROPHIC
EUKARYOTES with CHITIN
in their cell walls
Includes HETEROTROPHIC
EUKARYOTES without
chloroplasts or cell walls
EUBACTERIA
______________
FUNGI
______________
ANIMAL
_______________
Name the KINGDOM for each of these:
Includes PROKARYOTES
WITHOUT peptidoglycan in
their cell walls
ARCHAEBACTERIA
______________
Includes AUTOTROPHIC
PLANT
______________
EUKARYOTES with chloroplasts
& cellulose in their cell walls
PROTIST
Includes EUKARYOTES
_______________
(some with chloroplasts and cellulose
In their cell walls) that aren’t plants, animals,
or fungi
Look at the diagram above comparing DNA
sequences. The colored segments show
differences in DNA
Which two species are more closely
related?
B and C; these have fewer differences
than A and C OR A and B
Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
Structures that develop from the
same embryonic tissues, but
have different mature forms
Comparative embryology
Organ with little or no function
Vestigial organ
The bones in the diagrams below
are examples of
________________
Homologous structures
http://www.angelfire.com/ab7/evolution12/evolutionclues.html
What does today’s bird have in common with
the Archaeopteryx?
Birds and Reptiles have a
common ancestor