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• 5/18 Focus: – The Romans established a new form of government known as a republic –The Romans influenced many of the values and institutions of western civilization. Ancient Rome The Roman Republic Bell Work May 18th • What were some of the geographic advantages of Rome’s location in Italy? Early History of Rome • The Legend of Romulus and Remus – Legend states that the city of Rome was founded by two twins, Romulus and Remus. – Twins were abandoned near the Tiber River and raised by a shewolf – Romulus kills Remus and starts Rome Early History of Rome • 3 groups that influenced early Rome – Greeks • Established colonies in Italy and Sicily • Taught Romans how to grow grapes and olives • Art, literature, and architecture influenced Romans – Etruscans • From northern Italy – Latins • First to settle in Rome • Gods were influenced by Greeks and Etruscans The Roman Republic • Etruscan kings ruled Rome from 600 B.C. to 509 BC –Roman aristocrats overthrew the last Etruscan king in 509 BC –Establish a republic The Roman Republic • Republic – A form of government in which elected officials govern the state – power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders – Indirect democracy or representative democracy • Rome allowed free-born male citizens to participate in elections – Women could not vote The Roman Republic • Patricians – Aristocratic landowners who held most power in Rome • Made up 10% of the population – Ran the government and made the laws Patricians and Plebeians • Plebeians – Farmers, craftsmen, artisans, soldiers laborers and merchants – Majority in Rome – Were barred from holding most government positions Patricians and Plebeians • Plebeians demanded more rights in Rome from the patricians (Conflict of Orders) – Plebeian Council • Allowed to elect their own assembly – Tribunes • Officials elected to protect the rights of plebeians • Could veto laws that were unjust to plebeians The Twelve Tables of Rome • First written code of law in Rome • Plebeians demanded laws of Rome be written down – Laws were carved on twelve bronze tablets and displayed in the Roman Forum • Established the principle that all free citizens had the right to protection of the law Roman Government • Consuls –2 consuls elected by the assembly for 1 year –Chief executives and commanded the army Roman Government • Senate –300 patrician men –Served for life –Controlled finances and foreign relations –Advised consuls Roman Government • Assemblies – Tribal Assembly and Centuriate Assembly – Made laws and elected officials Gaius Gracchus, tribune of the people, presiding over the Plebeian Council Roman Government Cincinnatus • In times of crisis, the republic could appoint a dictator to rule Rome. –Dictator • a leader who has absolute power –Could only rule for six months –Were chosen by the consul and elected by the Senate Famous Roman Senator • Cicero was a famous Roman writer and orator and Plebeian that lived during the same time as Julius Caesar. The Roman Forum • The center of life in Rome • Marketplace and civic center – Senate met in the forum – Public speeches were given here – Site of many businesses Social Classes • Senatorspatricians • Equites- the Roman Knights • Plebs- general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians • Slaves Closure A. What is the difference between a republic and a direct democracy? B. What was the difference between patricians and plebeians? c. How are the Twelve Tables of Rome and Hammurabi’s Code similar?