* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download BHR - A Brief History - Process Intensification Network
Survey
Document related concepts
Ring-closing metathesis wikipedia , lookup
Asymmetric induction wikipedia , lookup
Woodward–Hoffmann rules wikipedia , lookup
Ene reaction wikipedia , lookup
Vinylcyclopropane rearrangement wikipedia , lookup
George S. Hammond wikipedia , lookup
Physical organic chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Wolff–Kishner reduction wikipedia , lookup
Baylis–Hillman reaction wikipedia , lookup
Hofmann–Löffler reaction wikipedia , lookup
Petasis reaction wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Process Intensification FlexPlant - Recent Results Andrew Green Richard Jackson PIN Meeting 7 December 2004 © BHR Group Limited 2004 The Fluid Engineering Centre The FlexPlant © BHR Group Limited 2004 The FlexReactor Key aspects of technology Re-configurable end linkages Injection point in turbulent zone 22 tubes of which 10 filled 8 part filled 4 empty tubes Kenics static mixers for low pressure drop Shell and Tube construction Hastelloy process sections Shell-side heat transfer enhancement © BHR Group Limited 2004 FlexReactor: Specifications © BHR Group Limited 2004 Operating Pressure Up to 20 bar Operating Temperature -70 to 250oC Throughput 1 to 100 lt/hr Pressure Drop up to 15 bar Heat Removal (typical) up to 15 kW Exothermicity of reaction up to 750 KJ/mol Residence time 2 secs - 30 mins Size (l x w x h) 1000x300x400mm Why? Just ahead of the “dead zone” allowing predictable scale-up. © BHR Group Limited 2004 Chemistry Acid Base Neutralisation Very Fast. Exothermic (55kJ/mol). Aqueous. Single Phase Biodiesel - Fatty Acid Methyl Ester 2-phase to 3-phase to 2-phase mixing, mass transfer limited High and Low Viscosity mixing medium to long residence times (several minutes to hours) Low exotherm (~3kJ/mol) Grignard Hydrolysis Highly exothermic (~350kJ/mol), fast reaction Precipitation of fine solids + organic/aqueous mixture © BHR Group Limited 2004 Biodiesel Reaction Data Obtained: 3 kJ/mol exotherm 50°C Reaction Temperature 3.6 mins Residence time 3 bar pressure drop across all 22 tubes 97% complete reaction under these conditions Separation in 5 mins (cf. Intense protocol batch took 3hrs) © BHR Group Limited 2004 Grignard Hydrolysis Phenyl magnesium chloride reacted with water Highly exothermic Water/Organic/inorganic solid 3-phase system Fine precipitate forms high viscosity gel Fast kinetics Reaction Zone Critical © BHR Group Limited 2004 Grignard Hydrolysis Results: Start-up Critical!!! Shut-down Critical!!! Change of conditions - Unstable flow periods 350 kJ/mol reaction enthalpy 1.3 kW power output Overall success © BHR Group Limited 2004 Problems/Solutions Three main issues with the running of these trials 1 Pumping high and low viscosity liquids Pumps set for high temp work 2 Start up/Shut down for Grignard and associated pressure variations 3 Precipitation issues and safety of non-return valves © BHR Group Limited 2004 Conclusions The FlexPlant works! Start-up and Shut-down are non-trivial but workable Precipitations can be processed Approximate thermodynamic data can be calculated Approximate Kinetic data can be calculated Gives scaleable pressure drop and flow data Is it safe? © BHR Group Limited 2004 Conclusions (2) Process Intensification uses more extreme conditions Reaction rates are faster (not mixing limited) Little or no reagent build up Higher temperatures for a much shorter time (cf. Batch) Low inventories of reacting materials Devices capable of enormous pressures Generally more selective and higher purity than batch © BHR Group Limited 2004