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Transcript
Bellringer They provide water for humans, plants and Why were River Valleys a animals. good place to settle down? Floods leave behind Silt Water for trade Silk Road- silk, gunpowder, paper Name two different Trade Monsoon Marketplaceroutes and an item traded spices, silk, Buddhism along it West Saharan Trade- Gold and Salt They had power over the religious and secular lives Why are God-Kings more of their people powerful than just a king? Hammurabi’s (Babylon) Twelve Tables (Rome) Name 2 written law codes, Justinian’s Code (Byzantine) why are these important? Sharia- Islam Secular- worldly Renaissance and Reformation Review: Medieval Europe After the Roman Empire fell, Europe fell into darkness: -no trade -no education -constant wars between lords A Feudal system emerged, creating a rigid society based on the exchange of loyalty and service for land and protection Review: Medieval Europe The Roman Catholic Church was the dominant force of Medieval Europe. The Roman Catholic Church maintained power by threatening excommunication, which would deny the Sacraments (sacred rituals). People who did not receive Sacraments believed they were going to Hell. Review: Medieval Europe In Eastern Europe, the former Eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire. Byzantine Christians were different from Roman Catholics. They did not believe in the authority of the Pope, they spoke Greek, and they allowed priests to marry. Overtime, the Byzantines split away and created the Greek Orthodox sect. This is called a Schism. SchismA permanent split within a religion Bellringer Varied: mountains, What are the geographic deserts, jungles, rivers and features ocean coastof China? What effect do these have on It kept them isolated and China? ethnocentric The Roman Catholic Church What was the MOST powerful force during the European middle ages? The Neolithic Revolution What time period was the change made from change Nomadic Revolution equals hunting and gathering to settled living and husbandry? Judaism and Christianity What religions meet the following criteria: -monotheistic -10 commandments -Abraham Review: Medieval Europe The Crusades began when Muslim Ottomans invaded the Byzantine Empire. The Greek Orthodox Christians turned to the Pope for help, and he sent thousands of Roman Catholics to dispel the Muslims and reclaim the Holy Land The Crusades occurred over hundreds of years and through a series of wars. They were not successful. Review: Medieval Europe The Crusades resulted in an increase in trade. Returning crusaders wanted many of the goods they were exposed to including spices, silk, and ivory. Most goods flowed through the Middle East into Italy then throughout Europe Renaissance 1300-1500s The Darkness of the Middle Ages gave way to the Renaissance, or cultural rebirth The Renaissance was a time of creativity and changing views of the world and humans. The focus shifted from Religion to humans. Instead of focusing on the afterlife, Renaissance thinkers focused on living while on Earth. RenaissanceTime of European cultural rebirth Book Notes You have 35 minutes to find a partner and answer questions 1-6 on your Renaissance and Reformation worksheet. We will cover the answers throughout the rest of the Renaissance notes. This is your first grade of the marking period!! Bellringer Shrimp among the whales Cultural Bridge nickname? What is Korea’s Bow and arrow What are 2 technologies Stirrups made to help with warfare Cannons/ gunpowder that we have learned about Curved swords so far? Irrigation, terrace farming Shaduf, Name 2Chinampas technologies that were developed to help grow more food in the ancient world What religion meets the Hinduism following criteria: -Caste System -reincarnation -Karma/ dharma -Ganges River The Renaissance Time period of creativity and changing views Focus shifted from religion to Secular (worldly) pursuits. The Renaissance is characterized by Humanism. HumanismIntellectual movement focused on secular (worldly) issues instead of religion Humanism “Focus on worldly rather than religious issues” What this really means is that the artists, thinkers and philosophers will focus on daily life Many artists will focus on humans in their earthly life span, not in the afterlife Humanism weakens the church. Italian start The Renaissance began in Italy for three reasons: 1) Classical focus 2) Center of trade 3) Wealthy merchants 1) Classical Focus The Renaissance focused on the Classical influences from Ancient Greece and Rome. Italy was the center of the Ancient Roman culture, with architecture, literature and monuments throughout Center of Trade Italy is a Peninsula (surrounded by water on 3 sides) and therefore had access to much trade. The Italian ‘boot’ kicks into the Mediterranean sea, connecting Italy to the Middle East and Silk Road Remember: Water is a geographic factor that promotes trade Patron Merchants Due to its ideal location on trade routes, many merchants became very wealthy. These merchants became patrons of the arts, donating large sums to create art pieces in painting, sculptures and architecture. The Roman Catholic Church was another patron of the arts in Renaissance Italy Patron- someone who provides support to a cause or person Florence and the Medicis Florence is a symbol of the Renaissance. With a large population of poets, artists, scholars and scientists, Florence was an ideal Renaissance City The Medici family became rich through trade, and soon controlled the economic and political spheres of Florence. Bellringer A wealthy supporter of a cause or person What is a Patron? Typically fund the arts Classical focus Center of trade Wealthy What are 3merchants reasons why the Renaissance began in Italy? Humanism What ONE word describes the Renaissance? Islam What religion meets the following criteria: -Quran -Allah -five pillars Medici Family In the 1400s, the Medici family began a banking business and became very rich Their money bought them political power, but was also used to fund the arts. The Medici family is one of the largest patrons of Renaissance art, second to only the Church. Lorenzo the Magnificent even founded an art school. Humanities--Humanism The Renaissance promoted creativity, but the Europeans looked to the Ancient Greeks and romans for inspiration Petrarch hunted down ancient Greek and Roman texts and created a library. This helped preserve classical works. Artistic Golden Age Renaissance art attempted to be more realistic. To do this artists began using perspective Perspective means they drew closer objects larger and farther objects smaller. They also studied live models and classical art to be more realistic. Perspective Perspective Renaissance Artists The greatest of the Renaissance artists are still well known today: -Leonardo da Vinci -Michelangelo -Raphael -Donatello Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Yes, the teenage mutant ninja turtles were named after the Renaissance painters. As the creator recalls: “One ninja turtle became four, each named after a Renaissance master, each with a different weapon. "It was, like, 'Here's the next big thing, ninja turtles. Ha-haha,' " Eastman recalls. “ Leonardo da Vinci -painter, sculptor, engineer, writer and musician -seen as a true Renaissance man because of his many skills. -Leonardo dissected corpses to be accurate in anatomy when depicting human forms. -sketched submarines, helicopters and planes hundreds of years before they existed. -Wrote in mirrored writing, making t difficult to decipher. Most famous for the Mona Lisa Michelangelo Michelangelo was a sculptor, engineer, painter, architect and poet His most famous works are David, Pieta and the Sistine Chapel Sistine Chapel Notice the curved ceiling? That is just a trick of perspective… the ceiling is completely flat. Raphael Came after Leonardo and Michelangelo Raphael drew the School of Athens, an imaginary gathering of great thinkers: Plato, Aristotle, Michelangelo, Leonardo and himself. He also created the Madonna, a statue of Mary, Mother of God Donatello Donatello is a lesser known Renaissance Artist He is best known for his bronze David and the Penitent Magdalene Machiavelli Studied ancient Rome and politics Wrote The Prince, a guide to gain and maintain power According to Machiavelli, the ends justify the means He said rulers should achieve power regardless of the means to get there Northern Renaissance The northern Renaissance was delayed because Northern Europe was devastated by the Black Death The Northern Renaissance produced men like Shakespeare and Gutenberg. Flemish painters focused more on scenes of everyday life instead of Religious themes Shakespeare One of the best known Northern Renaissance men. He has written 37 plays, including Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Julius Caesar Shakespeare created many new words in his plays such as bedroom, lonely, generous However, Shakespeare is a very controversial figure. Some claim he was really a woman, he was homosexual or possibly even plagiarized all his plays. Johann Gutenberg Used a metal printing press to copy the Bible. This led to an explosion of books being printed. More books were quickly made, and cheaply. These cheap books allowed more people to learn how to read and write. . . . Indulgences Gutenberg . Horrible Histories: Renaissance Report