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Chapter 16 Microevolution
1. How is Evolution Defined?
2. What are some early questions asked about evolution regarding Biogeography?
3. What are some early questions asked about evolution regarding Comparative Anatomy?
4. What are some early questions asked about evolution regarding Paleontology (fossils)?
5. What are vestigial organs?
6. What is the difference between a homologous and an analogous structure?
7. Who was Charles Darwin? Describe his life, where he was from and his profession.
8. In what year did he begin his voyage on the Beagle? What was the purpose of this voyage?
9. What was Darwin was able to observe in the Galápagos
10. What did observations of the tortoises of the Galápagos lead Darwin to hypothesize about
these animals' ancestry, and why?
11. Interpreting Graphics What differences in the bodies of the three tortoise species are apparent
in Figure 15-4?
12. Interpreting Graphics Which of the tortoises shown in Figure 15-4 has the longest neck?
13. Applying Concepts Can you tell from Figure 15-4 which of the three tortoise species is most
like the ancestral species? Why or why not?
14. Inferring Vegetation on Isabela Island is close to the ground. How might the location of
vegetation have affected the neck and shell of the Isabela Island tortoise shown in Figure 15-4
15. Forming Hypotheses Considering the shells and necks of the tortoises shown in Figure 15-4,
which might adapt faster to Hood Island—a population of Pinta Island tortoises or a
population of Isabela Island tortoises, and why?
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Chapter 16 Microevolution
16. The species of finches that Darwin found on the Galápagos Islands displayed different
structural adaptations. Describe these adaptations.
17. What did Darwin formulate his theory of evolution by natural selection after?
18. Considering the adaptations he observed in finches and tortoises in the Galápagos, Darwin
wondered what about the way these organisms had changed?
19. Hutton and Lyell's work suggested what about the Earth?
20. What is a major argument against Lamarck’s theory of the inheritance of Acquired Traits?
21. What did Lamarck believe about organisms becoming more or less complex?
22. According to the theory of the ______________________________ proposed by Lamarck, the
long legs of long-legged shore birds could be acquired by wading in water rather than being
inherited.
23. A birthrate that exceeds the death rate results in population ____________________.
24. Who presented the belief that only famine, disease, and war could prevent the endless growth
of human populations?
25. Why might Darwin have hesitated to publish his theory of evolution by natural selection?
26. When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, what is the process called?
27. According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are most likely the
ones best adapted to exist in their environment. To what is their survival due?
28. When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are eliminated. Which part of Darwin's
theory of evolution may be used to describe this situation?
29. According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those
that have what?
30. The observation by Darwin that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have
many similar physical characteristics supports the conclusion that these finches all originated
from a _______________
31. The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living
vertebrates. Most evolutionary biologists would probably explain this on the basis of what?
32. According to Darwin's theory of evolution, species change over ____________________.
33. In a species that has become ______________all members have died, and the species has
ceased to exist.
34. Describe Darwin’s theory of natural selection?
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Chapter 16 Microevolution
35. Darwin's theory of evolution is based on what?
36. Why are more offspring produced than can possibly survive?
37. Explain directional selection with regards to the peppered moth.
38. Describe stabilizing selection and give an example.
39. Describe disruptive selection and give an example.
40. Describe sexual selection and give an example.
41. What is the bottleneck effect?
42. What is the founder effect?
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