Download Packet 4 Name___________________________________

Packet 4
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) When you burn a log in your fireplace you are converting ________.
1) _____
A) thermal to electromagnetic energy
B) electromagnetic to chemical
C) chemical to nuclear energy
D) proteins to amino acids
E) chemical to thermal (heat) energy
Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.
Global climatic change has been a controversial topic. However, almost all environmental scientists agree that gases
contribute to global climate change. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and water
vapor are the main culprits. These "greenhouse gases" have increased dramatically in our atmosphere in the last 300
years, due to rapid industrialization. Human activities, chief among them the tapping and burning of fossil fuels for
energy, significantly increase greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. With rising standards of living in developing
countries, emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are expected to continue to rise. If unchecked, it is
predicted that carbon dioxide levels will reach twice preindustrial levels by mid-century and double again by the end of
the century. Computer models have shown that this rise alone could raise Earth's temperatures by 3 to 10 degrees
Fahrenheit by 2100.
2) Why does burning fossil fuels increase global warming?
A) New energy is created on Earth when fossil fuels are burned.
B) Burning fossil fuels removes water vapor from the atmosphere.
C) Carbon present in coal, oil, and natural gas becomes carbon dioxide when these fuels
burn.
D) Fossils, if left untouched, cool Earth.
E) Burning fossil fuels creates increased plate tectonic movement.
2) _____
3) A hypothesis is ________.
A) the design of an experiment that can be used in scientific enquiry
B) an instrument that is used to examine environmental conditions
C) a testable proposition that explains an observed phenomenon or answers a question
D) a prediction about something that has not yet been observed
E) a proven scientific fact
3) _____
Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.
Global climatic change has been a controversial topic. However, almost all environmental scientists agree that gases
contribute to global climate change. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and water
vapor are the main culprits. These "greenhouse gases" have increased dramatically in our atmosphere in the last 300
years, due to rapid industrialization. Human activities, chief among them the tapping and burning of fossil fuels for
energy, significantly increase greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. With rising standards of living in developing
countries, emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are expected to continue to rise. If unchecked, it is
predicted that carbon dioxide levels will reach twice preindustrial levels by mid-century and double again by the end of
the century. Computer models have shown that this rise alone could raise Earth's temperatures by 3 to 10 degrees
Fahrenheit by 2100.
4) Climatic change is a major concern for environmentalists because it can directly lead to ________.
A) a decrease in the amount of photosynthesis on Earth
B) an increase in the diameter of the ozone hole
C) more biodiversity on Earth
D) an decrease in the amount of geothermal energy
E) extinctions
4) _____
5) Earthquakes result from ________.
A) global climate change
B) energy released from movement at plate boundaries and faults
C) surges of magma from the earth's core
D) release of gases from the underlying mantle
E) separation of layers within sedimentary rock
5) _____
6) The force driving plate tectonics is ________.
A) freezing and thawing of water in the earth's crust
B) solar radiation
C) nuclear reactions in magma
D) gravity
E) heat in the deepest layers of the earth
6) _____
Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.
Global climatic change has been a controversial topic. However, almost all environmental scientists agree that gases
contribute to global climate change. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and water
vapor are the main culprits. These "greenhouse gases" have increased dramatically in our atmosphere in the last 300
years, due to rapid industrialization. Human activities, chief among them the tapping and burning of fossil fuels for
energy, significantly increase greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. With rising standards of living in developing
countries, emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are expected to continue to rise. If unchecked, it is
predicted that carbon dioxide levels will reach twice preindustrial levels by mid-century and double again by the end of
the century. Computer models have shown that this rise alone could raise Earth's temperatures by 3 to 10 degrees
Fahrenheit by 2100.
7) ________ represents a positive feedback loop in regards to global warming.
A) Reforestation
B) Limiting use of fossil fuels as a source of energy
C) Warming of Earth, causing the evaporation of surface water
D) Sequestering carbon dioxide underground
E) Controlling development
7) _____
8) Rock that has undergone heat or pressure that causes it to change form is called ________.
A) sedimentary
B) metamorphic
C) igneous
D) conglomerate
E) deformative
8) _____
9) ________ are composed of amino acids.
A) Lipids
B) Proteins
C) Bases
D) Nucleic acids
E) Carbohydrates
9) _____
10) Which of the following describes mass wasting?
A) the destruction of sedimentary rock by earthquakes
B) agricultural damage resulting from a tsunami
C) downslope movement of soil and rock due to gravity
D) blockage of sunlight by volcanic ash
E) a volcanic eruption
10) _____
11) In a manipulative experiment ________.
A) researchers manipulate as many variables as possible
B) replication of the experiment is not necessary
11) _____
C) researchers manipulate the independent variable
D) the motive is economic gain
E) the peer review process is bypassed
Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.
Global climatic change has been a controversial topic. However, almost all environmental scientists agree that gases
contribute to global climate change. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and water
vapor are the main culprits. These "greenhouse gases" have increased dramatically in our atmosphere in the last 300
years, due to rapid industrialization. Human activities, chief among them the tapping and burning of fossil fuels for
energy, significantly increase greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. With rising standards of living in developing
countries, emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are expected to continue to rise. If unchecked, it is
predicted that carbon dioxide levels will reach twice preindustrial levels by mid-century and double again by the end of
the century. Computer models have shown that this rise alone could raise Earth's temperatures by 3 to 10 degrees
Fahrenheit by 2100.
12) The primary source of increased levels of greenhouse gases on Earth is ________.
A) aerosol spray cans
B) increased photosynthetic activity
C) loss of heterotrophs
D) modern human lifestyles
E) asteroids falling to Earth
12) _____
13) Consider the following processes: respiration, chemosynthesis, combustion, fermentation,
polymerization and photosynthesis. How many of these result in the release of oxygen into the
atmosphere?
A) all
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4
E) none
13) _____
14) Ecosystem services ________.
A) required to rebalance natural systems that we have disturbed
B) economically valuable services provided by natural systems
C) valuable to natural systems but not to human-created systems
D) are not necessary to sustainable systems
E) contribute to keeping ecosystems productive
14) _____
15) Coal, oil, and natural gas are ________.
A) part of a sustainable energy future
B) synthetic
C) fossil fuels
D) renewable
E) inorganic
15) _____
16) Plastics are ________.
A) assembled by enzymes in cells
B) synthetic proteins
C) naturally occurring macromolecules
D) unstable and break down easily
E) synthetic polymers
16) _____
17) Geothermal energy, wind and solar radiation are all examples of ________.
A) non-renewable resources
B) biodiversity
C) biotic environmental factors
D) biodegradable materials
E) renewable environmental factors
17) _____
18) The process of subduction ________.
18) _____
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
occurs when denser ocean crusts slide beneath lighter continental crusts
is caused by volcanoes
is responsible for hurricanes
occurs when plates pull apart
causes the formation of deep ocean trenches
19) Ecology is ________.
A) a subfield of environmentalism
B) not a crucial discipline to environmental science
C) the study of organisms and their interactions with each other and with the environment
D) concerned only with solving environmental problems
E) the study of animal behavior
19) _____
Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.
Global climatic change has been a controversial topic. However, almost all environmental scientists agree that gases
contribute to global climate change. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and water
vapor are the main culprits. These "greenhouse gases" have increased dramatically in our atmosphere in the last 300
years, due to rapid industrialization. Human activities, chief among them the tapping and burning of fossil fuels for
energy, significantly increase greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. With rising standards of living in developing
countries, emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are expected to continue to rise. If unchecked, it is
predicted that carbon dioxide levels will reach twice preindustrial levels by mid-century and double again by the end of
the century. Computer models have shown that this rise alone could raise Earth's temperatures by 3 to 10 degrees
Fahrenheit by 2100.
20) Nitrous oxide contributes indirectly to acid precipitation and directly to global warming. This
can be explained by ________.
A) its ability to form compounds that lower pH+
B) the hydrogen bonds connecting the nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the molecule
C) its ability to form compounds that raise pH+
D) the ability of acids to raise the temperature of the substances which dissolve them
E) the airborne nature of all compounds containing nitrogen
20) _____
21) The process by which several researchers review another researcher's manuscript prior to
publication to ensure research quality is referred to as ________.
A) investigative inquiry
B) peer review
C) critical analysis
D) quality control
E) hypothesis testing
21) _____
22) Qualitative data ________.
A) are data that are expressed as numbers and tested using statistics
B) cannot be used to support or disprove hypotheses
C) have variables that may not have been properly manipulated
D) can be acquired in the detailed examination of personal interviews or observations
E) cannot be replicated
22) _____
Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.
Global climatic change has been a controversial topic. However, almost all environmental scientists agree that gases
contribute to global climate change. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and water
vapor are the main culprits. These "greenhouse gases" have increased dramatically in our atmosphere in the last 300
years, due to rapid industrialization. Human activities, chief among them the tapping and burning of fossil fuels for
energy, significantly increase greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. With rising standards of living in developing
countries, emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are expected to continue to rise. If unchecked, it is
predicted that carbon dioxide levels will reach twice preindustrial levels by mid-century and double again by the end of
the century. Computer models have shown that this rise alone could raise Earth's temperatures by 3 to 10 degrees
Fahrenheit by 2100.
23) Overpopulation contributes to global warming when ________.
A) there is also greater consumption of natural resources
B) solar energy is used as the primary source of energy
C) most people use public transportation
D) we compromise our living standards
E) most of the population is vegetarian
23) _____
24) Why is water vapor a greenhouse gas?
A) The ionic bonds holding water vapor together help it trap heat.
B) Water is a good conductor of electricity.
C) Water molecules dissolve many other chemicals.
D) Hydrogen‑containing compounds trap the most heat.
E) Water has a high heat capacity.
24) _____
25) In a controlled experiment, ________.
A) the experimental organisms have all been used before and given good results
B) the researcher has several hypotheses, one of which will be proven correct
C) you need only a single experimental organism which is tested again and again
D) the researcher knows the outcome before beginning the experiment
E) the researcher controls for the effects of all variables except one
25) _____
26) Bacteria use ________ to break down hydrocarbons during bioremediation, just as we use them
to digest food.
A) enzymes
B) alcohol molecules
C) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
D) nucleic acids
E) isotopes
26) _____