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Civilization Emerges on the Indus(pg. 46) Notes: Civilization were created near the Indus River known as the Harappan. Archaeologist still have not deciphered the Indus system of writing. Indus valley influenced and area much larger than Mesopotamia or Egypt. The largest cities wee Kalibangan, MohenjoDaro, and Harappa. Unlike other ancient civilizations who created a maze of winding streets, their city streets were a grid system similar to today's. They also built sophisticated plumbing and sewer systems which would rival any sewer systems up until the 19th century. There city streets where as wide as 30 feet with houses as tall as 3 stories tall as well as have bathrooms and draining sewer systems. In the center of each town was a Citadel for protection. Because of India’s How did the isolated geography it Indus tribes created a unique interact with language and culture not each other? found in other places. The large river and rich What form of soil allowed them to government have large civilization did they have? and wealth which kept them protected because of the geography. Did they have any relations Their grid like streets and advanced sewers & or interactions with other drainage systems set the civilizations of ground work and floor that time plans for cities today. period? Shows the impact What climate has on not only happened to religion and clothing but also the way they design the Harrappan civilization? their houses and cities.. Page 95-103: Assyrian & Persian Empire 8 THINGS IN NOTES 4 HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE 4QUESTIONS Unit Vocabulary: (pg. 127-178) Culture Diffusion City States Monarchy Oligarchy Democracy Phalanx Philosopher Hellenistic Republic Senate Pax Romana Greco-Roman culture The Birth of Western Civilization: GREEK AND ROMAN EMPIRES CHAPTERS 5&6… Today’s Objective: Make connections between early Greek civilizations and today’s society by taking notes and participating in class activity. Essential Question: How did Greek civilization help impact today’s society? The Legacy of Greece? The Landscape of Greece. The Beginnings of Greece: Minoans (3000 b.c.)- lived on the large Greek Island of Crete. Mycenaeans (2000 b.c.)- Came and settled in Greece and began to have contact with Minoans. The Battle of Troy: Dorians (1200 b.c.)- Known as the Dorian age, less educated Greeks, lost the art of writing. Around 750 b.c. something started to change: Citizens began to relate back to their ancient culture and ancestors. Around this time appears Homer. Who was Homer? What is Iliad and the Odyssey? Iliad: The fall of Troy (Achilles) Odyssey: About Odysseus journey back home. Famous Legends and Myths: Zeus: The Ruler of the gods. Hera: The wife of Zeus. Athena: The guardian of cities, the god and main worship of Athens. Hades: The king of the underworld. Hercules: The half man and half god, hero. The Birth of Democracy How Democracy came to be: The first successful revolt without a clear leader. Athens becomes the hub of learning and arts. What is a Democracy: A government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives. Does a Democracy need an educated people? Athenian Education: Democracy needs educated people: Pericles (495-429)- Brings in the golden age of Greece. Was the leading figure in Greece for 35 years. Pericles convinces the Athenian citizens to sacrifice personal wealth for the wealth of the society: Athens turns itself into the greatest navy on the Mediterranean and creates art and architecture unrivaled at the time. The Parthenon: Becomes the symbol of Athens dominance to the world. Note Questions (123-139): How did their geography form Greek’s society? What form of society is Greece made up of? What was the name of the era in which Greece lost the ability to write? What new form of government did Athens have? What were the two forms of entertainment Greece created? Describe the Spartan way of life? What was their new form of fighting? List some people and events of the Persian Wars. Who won? What was the Peloponnesian wars? What was the effects of the wars? Who were the 3 great thinkers that changed Greece thinking? Who is known as the father of western philosophy? Today’s Objective: SWBAT define key events of the Persian & Peloponnesian Wars in writing. Essential Question: How did Greek civilization help impact today’s society? Bell Ringer You have the daunting task of creating a society which will last for centuries to come. What would your area of importance be? Would you put an emphasis on creating a strong tough society focusing on military strength, or would you put your emphasis on knowledge and education? Or would you focus on something else? Explain why? Find a partner and share your answer with them.. What is this place? The Greek Society: The Birth of Theatre: Greeks wrote two kinds of plays Tragedy and Comedy. The Beginning of Olympic Games: Started around 776 b.c.: Sports included racing, marathons, wrestling, long jump, javelin, discus throw. Partner Activity: Look at the information in the boxes on both pg 128 & 129: Answer the questions in b0th of the boxes.. There are 4 questions in total Video Activity What are the 3 most interesting things you learned in the video? The Fierce Spartans: Sparta creates a Military State: The whole civilization revolved around being great warriors. Men were in the military until the age of 60. From age 7 you left home were you moved into the military barrack until age 30. Became the fiercest warriors perhaps in history. Would not surrender in battle. Phalanx- A fighting style created by Spartans, became the most powerful style in the world. Concept that people are stronger working together. The Persian Wars. Persian King Darius the Great- (490 b.c.) brings an army of 25,000 men against 10,000 Athens. The first time Phalanx was really used in battle. Despite being outnumber they devastated the Persian army. Story and sport of Marathon was created. Xerxes- The son of Darius the Great seeks revenge against Greece. The Spartan King Leonides: Meets his army at Thermopylae. Athenian set fire to Athens and leave. The sea battle at Salamis. Effects of the Persian Wars: The Greek city states gain a new sense of confidence (especially Athens). The creation of the Dalian League. Creates tension between Athens and Sparta. Video Activity Find 5 things the video address which we have talked about in class. Video Activity Share with a partner. Pride Leads to Destruction The Peloponnesian War (421 b.c.)- As Athens grew in wealth, prestige, and power other city-states grew uneasy. Sparta- Greatest army. Jocks!!! Athens- Greatest navy. Nerds!!! Who do you think is going to win? What is more important brains or brawn? Sparta gains victory: Begins the decline of Athens. Exit Slip: Summary: What are 4 ways Greece impacts us today? (Be specific) Note Questions (142-147) Who was known as the father of Western Philosophy? Who were the three philosophers/what did they do? Who was the legendary king who came from Macedonia? What did he do? What are some impacts the Hellenistic era had on the ancient world? What impact did the city of Alexandria have on history? Who is Archimedes? What are effects Greece had on history? Bell Ringer Name three people or battles of the Persian wars: Name one effect of the Persian wars: Who won in the Peloponnesian wars? How did they win? Today’s Objective: SWBAT answer questions about the Hellenistic Era. Athens Searches for Answers??? Socrates (390)- Began to question every aspect of daily life. “An unexamined life is not worth living.” Plato- A student of Socrates. His most famous work the Republic. Aristotle- He invented a method for arguing according to rules of logic. The scientific method. The Greatness of Alexander!! Alexander the Great/ Hellenistic Era. (359 b.c.)Was son of King Phillip: King of Macedonia. Was taught by Aristotle. Alexander was only 20 years old when he became king. (334 b.c.) Defeats Persia’s King Darius the 3rd Crowned Pharaoh of Egypt Used his learning from Aristotle to conquer all of the known world at age 31. Became ill with fever and died at age 32. The Hellenistic Era: After the death of Alexander they divided his kingdom into 3 parts. Antigonus -King of Greece Ptolemy-King of Egypt Seleucus- King of Persia The greatest impact of Alexander and the Hellenistic Era was the melting of Greek culture into other empires. (Culture Diffusion!!) Colossus of Rhodes: The creation of Alexandria: Becomes the center for learning in the Mediterranean. Archimedes – ratio of a circle, pulley, and water pump. Library of Alexandria Pharos lighthouse. In what ways did Greece effect today's society? Architecture? Folklore? Sports? Art? Philosophy? Government? Theatre? Math & Science? Military Strategies: How to do Short Answers! Make sure you reach three requirements. What are the 3 requirements? Identify: 3 points Connection: 1 point Historical Significance: 1 point Make sure you list details for the identify part. Names of people involved, acts, policies & background. Who, What, where, when? What is historical significance? SOO WHAT? How did it change society back then? How does it impact us today? Make sure you explain the connections between the concept and historical significance. Don’t just assume that I know what you are talking about. Example: Homer Identify: Was a blind story teller during the Dorian Age that told the famous Greek story of the battle of Troy in Iliad and the Odyssey. Connection: His stories of ancient Greeks spread throughout all of Greece, capturing the minds and imagination of its citizens. Historical Significance: He fostered a desire in Greeks to return back to their days of art, writing, and learning that they had lost centuries before. Eventually influencing several things that impact us today like philosophy, classical art, and government. Identify and Historical Significance Greeks? Socrates? Hellenistic Era? Spartans? Archimedes? Note Questions (pg. 155-183) Who were the two brothers that found Rome? Which of the brothers is considered the father of Rome. Describe how the early Roman government was set up. What happened during the Punic Wars? What impact did it have? Who was the first Roman emperor? What are the things he did? What was their main form of entertainment? What were some unique architecture that came from Rome? In what ways did Constantine change Rome? What lead to the fall of Rome? List the lingering effects of Rome on today society: Today’s Objective: SWBAT explain events of early Roman civilization. Essential Question: How did Roman civilization help impact today’s society? Map Quiz: Make sure you know where these places are located on a map. Greece China Egypt Origins of Man Sumer Rome Persia Israel Harappan The Nile The Mighty Roman Empire!! THE RISE TO GLORY What is this???? The Beginnings of Rome!! The Myth behind the creation of Rome. 753 b.c.- Twin brothers Romulus and Remus. Romulus kills Remus. Rome is named after him. 3 civilization inhabited the region. Latins- Original inhabitants of Rome. Greeks- Southern Italy Etruscans- Northern Italy Tarquin the Proud is driven from power (509 b.c.). Reading Activity: Romans, never forget that government is your medium. Be this your art: To practice men in habit of peace, Generosity to the conquered, and firmness against aggressors. Virgil, Aeneida What is he saying here? According to text what area of emphasis is most important for a stable society? The Beginnings of a Republic! Republic? A form of government in which power rest with a select few citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. Patricians- Wealthy landowners who owned most of the power. Plebeians- The common farmers (Majority of the citizens) What was the structure of Rome government? Consuls-Two officials that one in charge of army, the other in charge of government (1 year). Senate- wealthy aristocracy consisting of 300 members elected by 1st patricians then later plebeians. Dictator- In times of crisis they would elect one person to be in charge of everything (6months). Rome invented the 3 branch system: What is the 3 branch system today? Rome Grows in Power (265 b.c.) Rome defeats the Etruscan to the North and the Greeks to the south. Rome's lenient stance towards enemies helped build a long lasting empire. Punic Wars (264-146 b.c.)- (3 different wars) A battle for dominance of the Mediterranean. Hannibal- (29 years old) A brilliant Military leader fights against Rome. His amazing and brilliant attack on Rome. Scipio- Attacks Carthage, changes the momentum of the War. Video Activity List three things you find interesting. Exit Slip: Title in your notes a section called “Reading Activity” read page 178-179 & 183. Write at least two things for each subject below. Roman Arts Learning/Literature Law Bell Ringer: Explain the historical significance of the Punic Wars. List the three parts to Roman’s Government. Home Work Activity: 188-199 One side of reading notes must be completed. How many notes, historical significance, and questions do you need? 8 notes 4 historical significance 4 questions Julius Caesar (60 b.c.)- A great military leader who goes on a quest to conquer Gaul. Rivals for power became jealous of his victories. Pompey ordered him to disbanded his army and return home. Julius Caesar chases Pompey to Greece, Africa, and Asia before killing him. •Becomes Absolute ruler of Rome, first Emperor. •Octavian “Augustus”- Becomes the next Emperor of Rome. •Rome’s ablest Ruler. •Stabilized the new empire, began beautifying Rome. •Lived very plainly for a Emperor. From a Republic to a Emperor!! Rome and its citizens prosper! Augustus brings on Pax Romana or Roman Peace. Between 60 to 80 million people were under Roman rule. He stabilized the kingdom with effective government and law. Pax Romana allows trade to explode. Had a universal coinage known as denarius. Help? Controlled all the Mediterranean. Help? Built a complex network of roads. Help? Roman Society and Entertainment! Aqueducts How to do a Paragraph. Paragraph and Essay boils down to this point. Tell them what your going to tell them (thesis) Tell them, tell them, tell them (body) Tell them what you told them. Is this a good paragraph? Greeks impacted us today through architecture, military strategies and government. Lots of the architecture we use today was started back then, we use architecture for everything. Spartans came up with a military style that change military warfare. Greeks probably had the biggest impact on today’s society they created the foundation of our government today. What a Paragraph Should Be. Greeks helped mold and form our society today through improvement in architecture, military strategies and government. Greek’s invention of columns and amphitheaters can be seen all around us today like the White House, capital buildings, and any schools auditorium. Military strategies like working as a unit, (other wise known as phalanx), naval warfare, Calvary and slash and burn can all be traced back to Greek civilization. Last but not least Athens improved upon government by creating a revolutionary idea of allowing citizens to make decisions and vote, also known as democracy, this form of government is used in nearly all countries around the world today. Setting the blue print for sturdy and effective structures, modern warfare and revolutionary ideas on government Greeks helped bring in the modern era we live in today. Today’s Objective: In activity demonstrate your knowledge of Unit 1. Romans Become Christians. Constantine obtains power over Rome (313 a.d.). He announced the end to the persecution of Christians. The creation of the Nicaea (325 a.d.). The Council of Nicaea. (creates the Nicene Creed.) Unifies the doctrine of Christianity. Constantine moves Rome's capital to Constantinople (Istanbul). The Fall of the Mighty Empire: After Marcus Aurelius (161-180 a.d.) Rome get a stretch of bad rulers. The dividing of Rome. Constantinople (East and wealthiest part) Rome (West). Hiring of mercenaries The attacking of outside invasions. The Huns: Attila the Hun. Turn to page 177 Answer the 3 questions at the bottom. Bell Ringer: Which of the many concepts/people learned about Rome had the biggest impact on today? Justify your answer. Rome and their effects on Western Society. Spread Greek and Roman teaching to much farther areas. Greco-Roman Culture- is a mixture of Greek and Hellenistic to form Roman cultures. Latin Language. Religion. Architecture: Entertainment: Education: Roman System of Law: Government: Military Strategies: